Linux od命令详细介绍及用法实例

守法从执法开始 發表於 2024-2-12 00:00:00

<p>
Linux od命令详解</p>
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<strong>1.功能</strong></p>
<p>
od命令用于将指定文件内容以八进制、十进制、十六进制、浮点格式或ASCII编码字符方式显示，通常用于显示或查看文件中不能直接显示在终端的字符。od命令系统默认的显示方式是八进制，名称源于Octal Dump。</p>
<p>
常见的文件为文本文件和二进制文件。od命令主要用来查看保存在二进制文件中的值，按照指定格式解释文件中的数据并输出，不管是IEEE754格式的浮点数还是ASCII码，od命令都能按照需求输出它们的值。</p>
<p>
大家也可以了解一下hexdump命令，以十六进制输出，但感觉hexdump命令美誉od命令强大。</p>
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<strong>2.命令格式</strong></p>
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<code class="bash plain">od [<选项><参数>] [<文件名>]</code>
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<strong>3.命令选项</strong></p>
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<code class="bash plain">A<RADIX>,--address-radix=RADIX：选择以何种基数表示地址偏移；</code>
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<code class="bash plain">-j<BYTES>,--skip-bytes=BYTES：跳过指定数目的字节；</code>
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<code class="bash plain">-N,--</code><code class="bash functions">read</code><code class="bash plain">-bytes=BYTES：输出指定字节数；</code>
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<code class="bash plain">-S<BYTES>, --strings[=BYTES]：输出长度不小于指定字节数的字符串；</code>
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<code class="bash plain">-</code><code class="bash functions">v</code><code class="bash plain">,--output-duplicates：输出时不省略重复的数据； </code>
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<code class="bash plain">-w<BYTES>,--width=<BYTES>：设置每行显示的字节数，od默认每行显示16字节。如果选项--width不跟数字，默认显示32字节；</code>
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<code class="bash plain">-t<TYPE>，--</code><code class="bash functions">format</code><code class="bash plain">=TYPE：指定输出格式，格式包括a、c、d、f、o、u和x，各含义如下：</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">a：具名字符；</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">c：ASCII字符或者反斜杠；</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">d：十进制，正负数都包含，SIZE字节组成一个十进制整数；</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">f：浮点，SIZE字节组成一个浮点数；</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">o：八进制，SIZE字节组成一个八进制数；</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">u：无符号十进制，只包含正数，SIZE字节组成一个无符号十进制整数；</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">x：十六进制，SIZE字节为单位以十六进制输出，即输出时一列包含SIZE字节。</code>
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<code class="bash plain">--help：在线帮助； </code>
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<code class="bash plain">--version：显示版本信息。</code>
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<strong>4.用法示例</strong></p>
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（1）设置第一列偏移地址以十进制显示。</p>
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<code class="bash plain">od -Ad testfile</code>
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偏移地址显示基数有：d for decimal, o for octal, x for hexadecimal or n for none。</p>
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（2）od命令不显示第一列偏移地址。</p>
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<code class="bash plain">od -An testfile</code>
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（3）以十六进制输出，默认以四字节为一组（一列）显示。</p>
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<code class="bash plain">od -tx testfile</code>
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（4）以十六进制输出，每列输出一字节。</p>
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<code class="bash plain">od -tx1 testfile</code>
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（5）显示ASCII字符和ASCII字符名称，注意换行符显示方式的区别。</p>
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<code class="bash comments">#显示ASCII字符</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">echo</code> <code class="bash plain">lvlv|od -a</code>
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<code class="bash plain">0000000 l </code><code class="bash functions">v</code> <code class="bash plain">l </code><code class="bash functions">v</code> <code class="bash functions">nl</code>
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<code class="bash plain">0000005</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#显示ASCII字符名称</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">echo</code> <code class="bash plain">lvlv|od -tc</code>
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<code class="bash plain">0000000 l </code><code class="bash functions">v</code> <code class="bash plain">l </code><code class="bash functions">v</code> <code class="bash plain">\n</code>
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<code class="bash plain">0000005</code>
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（6）以十六进制显示的同时显示原字符。</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">echo</code> <code class="bash plain">lvlv|od -tcx1</code>
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<code class="bash plain">0000000 l </code><code class="bash functions">v</code> <code class="bash plain">l </code><code class="bash functions">v</code> <code class="bash plain">\n</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">6c 76 6c 76 0a</code>
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<code class="bash plain">0000005</code>
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（7）指定每行显示512字节。</p>
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<code class="bash plain">od -w512 -tx1 testfile</code>
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（8）od命令输出时去除列与列之间的空格符。</p>
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当我们需要将文件内容显示为十六进制，需要输出连续的单个字节，每个字节以十六进制显示。这时我们可以通过od命令将文件以单个字节为一组，十六进制输出在同一行，并去除每个字节之间的空格。目前还不知道怎么通过指定od命令的相关选项去除列与列之间的空格，也许od命令本身并不支持。我的做法是：</p>
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（8.1）使用-An不输出偏移地址；<br>
（8.2）使用-v输出时不省略重复的数据；<br>
（8.3）使用-tx1以单个字节为一组按照十六进制输出，-w1每列输出一个字节；<br>
（8.4）最后通过管道传递给awk的标准输入，通过awk不换行输出所有行，拼接为一行输出。</p>
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具体命令如下：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">od -An -w1 -tx1 testfile|</code><code class="bash functions">awk</code> <code class="bash string">'{for(i=1;i<=NF;++i){printf "%s",$i}}'</code>
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参考文献</p>
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od帮助文档</p>
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感谢阅读，希望能帮助到大家，谢谢大家对本站的支持！</p>
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原文链接：http://blog.csdn.net/k346k346/article/details/54177989</p>

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Linux od命令详细介绍及用法实例