CentOS添加和删除用户以及用户组的方法
<p>1.Linux环境下的账户系统文件主要在/etc/passwd, /etc/shadow,/etc/group,和/etc/gshadow四个文件。基本含义就不多说了重点说一下，root的uid是0，从 1-499是系统的标准账户，普通用户从uid 500开始。</p>
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<code class="ps plain">usermod 选项 用户名//修改已经存在的用户</code>
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<code class="ps plain">userdel </code><code class="ps keyword">-r</code> <code class="ps plain">用户名//删除用户表示自家目录一起删除。</code>
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<code class="ps plain">groupadd 选项 组名// 添加新组</code>
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<code class="ps plain">groupmod 选项 组名//修改已经存在的组</code>
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<code class="ps plain">groupdel 组名 //删除已经存在的特定组。</code>
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2.例子</p>
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在CentOS下添加和删除用户命令：</p>
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添加用户 test：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">adduser </code><code class="bash functions">test</code>
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修改test密码：</p>
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<code class="bash functions">passwd</code> <code class="bash functions">test</code>
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删除用户test:</p>
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<code class="bash plain">userdel </code><code class="bash functions">test</code>
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删除用户以及用户目录：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">userdel -r </code><code class="bash functions">test</code>
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新建一个sudo用户组</p>
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<code class="bash plain">groupadd </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code>
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创建一个新用户test，同时加入suso附加组中</p>
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<code class="bash functions">useradd</code> <code class="bash plain">-G </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash functions">test</code>
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创建一个新用户ftpadmin,指定目录是/var/ftp/pub,不创建自家目录（-M)</p>
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<code class="bash functions">useradd</code> <code class="bash plain">-d </code><code class="bash plain">/var/ftp/pub</code> <code class="bash plain">-M ftpadmin</code>
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表示将zh888添加到附加组sudo组中去，zh888是已经新建好存在的用户</p>
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<code class="bash functions">usermod</code> <code class="bash plain">-G </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">zh888</code>
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表示删除zh888和/home中的目录一起删除。</p>
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<code class="bash plain">userdel -r zhh888</code>
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表示删除sudo组</p>
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<code class="bash plain">groupdel </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code>
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3.口令管理及时效 创建用户之后就要给用户添加密码，设置的口令的命令式passwd passwd 选项 用户名</p>
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用户名账号名//禁止用户账户口令</p>
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<code class="bash functions">passwd</code> <code class="bash plain">-l</code>
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用户名//表示查看用户账户口令状态</p>
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<code class="bash functions">passwd</code> <code class="bash plain">-S</code>
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用户名//表示恢复用户账号</p>
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<code class="bash functions">passwd</code> <code class="bash plain">-u</code>
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用户名//表示删除用户账户口令</p>
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<code class="bash functions">passwd</code> <code class="bash plain">-d</code>
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4.chage 命令是保护密码的时效这样可以防止其他人猜测密码的时间。</p>
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chage 选项 用户名</p>
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参数有</p>
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-m days</li>
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-M days</li>
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-d days</li>
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-I days</li>
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-E date</li>
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-W days</li>
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-l</li>
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例子：</p>
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要求用户zhh两天内不能更改密码，并且口令最长存活期是30天，并且口令过期5天通知zhh</p>
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<code class="bash plain">chage -m 2 -M 30 -W zhh</code>
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5.用户和组的状态查询命令</p>
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用于显示当前的用户名称。</p>
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whoami</p>
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表示显示指定的用户所属的组，如果没指定用户则是当前用户所属的组</p>
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groups 用户名</p>
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转换到其他用户，如果su表示切换到自己的当前用户。</p>
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<code class="bash functions">su</code> <code class="bash plain">– 用户</code>
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转换用户的当前组到指定的附加组，用户必须属于该组才能进行</p>
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<code class="bash plain">newgrp 组名</code>
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6.更改属主和同组人</p>
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有时候还需要更改文件的属主和所属的组。只有文件的属主有权更改其他属主和所属的组，用户可以把属于自己的文件转让给大家。改变文件属主用chown命令</p>
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<code class="bash functions">chown</code> <code class="bash plain">[-R] < 用户名或组>< 文件或目录></code>
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例子</p>
<p>
把文件files属主改成www用户</p>
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<code class="bash functions">chown</code> <code class="bash plain">www files</code>
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将文件files的属主和组都改成www</p>
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<code class="bash functions">chown</code> <code class="bash plain">www.www </code><code class="bash functions">file</code>
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将files所有目录和子目录下的所有文件或目录的主和组都改成www</p>
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<code class="bash functions">chown</code> <code class="bash plain">-R www.www files/</code>
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7.设置文件的目录和目录生成掩码</p>
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用户可以使用umask命令设置文件默认的生成掩码。默认的生成掩码告诉系统创建一个文件或目录不应该赋予哪些权限。如果用户将umask命令放在环境文件.bash_profile中，就可以控制所有新建的文件和目录的访问权限。</p>
<p>
umask a1表示的是不允许属主的权限，a2表示的是不允许同组人的权限，a3代表不允许其他人的权限。</p>
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<code class="bash functions">umask</code> <code class="bash plain">022</code><code class="bash plain">//</code><code class="bash plain">表示设置不允许同组用户和其他用户有写的权限。</code>
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<code class="bash functions">umask</code> <code class="bash plain">//</code><code class="bash plain">显示当前的默认生成掩码。</code>
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8.特殊权限的设置</p>
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<code class="bash plain">SUID SGID 和sticky-bit</code>
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除了一般权限还有特殊的权限存在，一些特殊权限存在特殊的权限，如果用户不需要特殊权限一般不要打开特殊权限，避免安全方面的问题</p>
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以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。</p>
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原文链接：https://www.xiaohuai.com/4682</p>
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