centos7下NFS使用与配置的步骤

诸葛林 發表於 2023-7-10 00:00:00

<p>
NFS是Network File System的缩写，即网络文件系统。客户端通过挂载的方式将NFS服务器端共享的数据目录挂载到本地目录下。</p>
<p>
<span><strong>nfs为什么需要RPC?</strong></span></p>
<p>
因为NFS支持的功能很多，不同功能会使用不同程序来启动，因此，NFS对应的功能所对应的端口无法固定。</p>
<p>
端口不固定造成客户端与服务端之间的通信障碍，所以需要RPC来从中帮忙。</p>
<p>
NFS启动时会随机取用若干端口，然后主动向RPC服务注册取用相关端口和功能信息，RPC使用固定端口111来监听来自NFS客户端的请求，</p>
<p>
并将正确的NFS服务端口信息返回给客户端，这样客户端与服务端就可以进行数据传输了。</p>
<p>
<span><strong>二、NFS的工作流程</strong></span></p>
<p>
1、由程序在NFS客户端发起存取文件的请求，客户端本地的RPC(rpcbind)服务会通过网络向NFS服务端的RPC的111端口发出文件存取功能的请求。</p>
<p>
2、NFS服务端的RPC找到对应已注册的NFS端口，通知客户端RPC服务。</p>
<p>
3、客户端获取正确的端口，并与NFS daemon联机存取数据。</p>
<p>
4、存取数据成功后，返回前端访问程序，完成一次存取操作。</p>
<p>
所以无论客户端，服务端，需要使用NFS，必须安装RPC服务。</p>
<p>
NFS的RPC服务，在Centos5下名为portmap,Centos6下名称为rpcbind。</p>
<p>
<span><strong>三、NFS服务安装配置</strong></span></p>
<p>
nfs-utils、rpcbind</p>
<p>
查看是否安装NFS</p>
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<code class="bash plain">> rpm -qa nfs-utils rpcbind</code>
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<code class="bash plain">> yum </code><code class="bash functions">install</code> <code class="bash plain">nfs-utils rpcbind </code>
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<span><strong>四、启动rpcbind服务</strong></span></p>
<p>
查看服务状态</p>
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<code class="bash plain">> systemctl status rpcbind.service</code>
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如果不知道rpcbind命令在哪</p>
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<code class="bash plain">> </code><code class="bash functions">which</code> <code class="bash plain">rpcbind</code>
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启动rpc服务</p>
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<code class="bash plain">> systemctl restart rpcbind.service</code>
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<p>
查看rpc</p>
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<code class="bash plain">> </code><code class="bash functions">lsof</code> <code class="bash plain">-i :111</code>
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<code class="bash plain">> </code><code class="bash functions">netstat</code> <code class="bash plain">-lntup|</code><code class="bash functions">grep</code> <code class="bash plain">rpcbind </code>
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如果出现-bash未找到命令可执行下面命令</p>
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<code class="bash plain">> yum </code><code class="bash functions">install</code> <code class="bash plain">net-tools </code><code class="bash functions">lsof</code>
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<p>
查看nfs服务向rpc注册的端口信息</p>
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<code class="bash plain">> rpcinfo -p localhost</code>
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检查rpcbind是否开机启动</p>
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<code class="bash plain">> chkconfig --list rpcbind</code>
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<span><strong>五、启动NFS服务</strong></span></p>
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<code class="bash plain">> systemctl start nfs.service</code>
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查看状态</p>
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<code class="bash plain">> systemctl status nfs.service</code>
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再次查看rpc注册的端口信息</p>
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<code class="bash plain">> rpcinfo -p localhost</code>
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<p>
<span><strong>六、NFS常见进程详解</strong></span></p>
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<code class="bash plain">> </code><code class="bash functions">ps</code> <code class="bash plain">-ef|</code><code class="bash functions">egrep</code> <code class="bash string">"rpc|nfs"</code>
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<code class="plain plain">rpc   101101   1 0 17:11 ?    00:00:00 /sbin/rpcbind -w</code>
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<code class="plain plain">rpcuser 101188   1 0 17:22 ?    00:00:00 /usr/sbin/rpc.statd --no-notify</code>
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<code class="plain plain">root   101190   2 0 17:22 ?    00:00:00 </code>
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<code class="plain plain">root   101200   1 0 17:22 ?    00:00:00 /usr/sbin/rpc.idmapd</code>
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<code class="plain plain">root   101201   1 0 17:22 ?    00:00:00 /usr/sbin/rpc.mountd</code>
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<code class="plain plain">root   101206   2 0 17:22 ?    00:00:00 </code>
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<code class="plain plain">root   101220   2 0 17:22 ?    00:00:00 </code>
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<code class="plain plain">root   101243 100830 0 17:28 pts/0 00:00:00 grep -E --color=auto rpc|nfs </code>
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<p>
nfsd(rpc.nfsd)主进程，主要是管理客户端能否登入服务端，登入者ID判别。<br>
mountd(rpc.mountd)管理NFS文件系统，登入者的权限管理<br>
rpc.lockd(非必要)用来锁定文件，用于客户端同时写入<br>
rpc.statd(非必要)检查文件一致性<br>
rpc.idmapd 名字映射后台进程</p>
<p>
<span><strong>七、配置NFS开机自启动</strong></span></p>
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<code class="bash plain">> chkconfig rpcbind on</code>
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<code class="bash plain">> chkconfig nfs on</code>
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<code class="bash plain">> chkconfig --list rpcbind</code>
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<code class="bash plain">> chkconfig --list nfs </code>
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<p>
<span><strong>八、NFS服务端配置</strong></span></p>
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<code class="bash plain">> </code><code class="bash functions">vi</code> <code class="bash plain">/etc/exports</code>
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<p>
exports文件配置格式:</p>
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NFS共享的目录 NFS客户端地址1(参数1,参数2,...) 客户端地址2(参数1,参数2,...)</p>
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说明：</p>
<p>
NFS共享目录：</p>
<p>
要用绝对路径，可被nfsnobody读写。</p>
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NFS客户端地址：</p>
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<code class="plain plain">指定IP: 192.168.0.1</code>
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<code class="plain plain">指定子网所有主机: 192.168.0.0/24</code>
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<code class="plain plain">指定域名的主机: test.com</code>
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<code class="plain plain">指定域名所有主机: *.test.com</code>
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<code class="plain plain">所有主机: * </code>
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<p>
参数：</p>
<ul>
<li>
ro：目录只读</li>
<li>
rw：目录读写</li>
<li>
sync：将数据同步写入内存缓冲区与磁盘中，效率低，但可以保证数据的一致性</li>
<li>
async：将数据先保存在内存缓冲区中，必要时才写入磁盘</li>
<li>
all_squash：将远程访问的所有普通用户及所属组都映射为匿名用户或用户组(nfsnobody)</li>
<li>
no_all_squash：与all_squash取反(默认设置)</li>
<li>
root_squash：将root用户及所属组都映射为匿名用户或用户组(默认设置)</li>
<li>
no_root_squash：与rootsquash取反</li>
<li>
anonuid=xxx：将远程访问的所有用户都映射为匿名用户，并指定该用户为本地用户(UID=xxx)</li>
<li>
anongid=xxx：将远程访问的所有用户组都映射为匿名用户组账户</li>
</ul>
<p>
例如：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">/data/tmp</code> <code class="bash plain">192.168.1.0</code><code class="bash plain">/24</code><code class="bash plain">(rw,</code><code class="bash functions">sync</code><code class="bash plain">,all_squash)</code>
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创建需要共享的目录</p>
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<code class="bash plain">> </code><code class="bash functions">mkdir</code> <code class="bash plain">-p </code><code class="bash plain">/data/tmp</code>
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<code class="bash plain">> </code><code class="bash functions">chown</code> <code class="bash plain">nfsnobody.nfsnobody </code><code class="bash plain">/data/tmp</code>
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<p>
重新加载nfs配置</p>
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<code class="bash plain">> exportfs -rv</code>
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查看nfs服务器挂载情况</p>
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<code class="bash plain">> showmount -e localhost</code>
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<span><strong>九、挂载测试</strong></span></p>
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<code class="bash plain">> </code><code class="bash functions">mkdir</code> <code class="bash plain">-p </code><code class="bash plain">/data/tmp2</code>
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</div>
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<code class="bash plain">> </code><code class="bash functions">mount</code> <code class="bash plain">-t nfs 192.168.1.233:</code><code class="bash plain">/data/tmp</code> <code class="bash plain">/data/tmp2</code>
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<p>
查看挂载</p>
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1</div>
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<code class="bash plain">> </code><code class="bash functions">df</code> <code class="bash plain">-h</code>
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<p>
在tmp下创建文件</p>
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<code class="bash plain">> </code><code class="bash functions">touch</code> <code class="bash plain">/data/tmp/1</code><code class="bash plain">.txt</code>
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<p>
查看tmp2下是否有文件</p>
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<code class="bash plain">> </code><code class="bash functions">ls</code> <code class="bash plain">/data/tmp2</code>
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卸载挂载</p>
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<code class="bash plain">> </code><code class="bash functions">umount</code> <code class="bash plain">/data/tmp2</code>
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<p>
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。</p>
<p>
原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/jkko123/p/6361476.html?utm_source=itdadao&utm_medium=referral</p>

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