在CentOS搭建Git服务器的详细步骤
<p><strong>前言</strong></p>
<p>
我们可以GitHub发布一些开源代码的公共仓库，但对于私密仓库就需要收费了。公司内部通常会搭建自己的Git服务器，我也通过在自己的服务器上搭建练习一下。</p>
<p>
开始前先说一下服务器信息，这里是阿里云的CentOS 6.5 64位操作系统。</p>
<p>
<strong>一 确认服务器是否安装Git</strong></p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># rpm -qa git</code>
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<code class="bash plain">git-1.7.1-3.el6_4.1.x86_64</code>
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这里也已经安装过了，如果没有安装可以用yum install git 安装。</p>
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<strong>二 创建git用户</strong></p>
<p>
这里你可以选择新建一个用户来测试，也可以直接使用你的root进行以下操作。笔者也是看着资料一步一步来的，这里创建一个新用户teslachen进行操作。</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># useradd tesla</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># passwd tesla</code>
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更改用户 tesla 的密码 。</p>
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新的 密码：</p>
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无效的密码： 它没有包含足够的不同字符</p>
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无效的密码： 过于简单</p>
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重新输入新的 密码：</p>
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passwd： 所有的身份验证令牌已经成功更新。</p>
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注1：创建用户权限不够请加上sudo；</p>
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注2：设置用户密码太过简单的话会有提示，但依旧可以设置成功。</p>
<p>
<strong>三 生成ssh公钥</strong></p>
<p>
许多 Git 服务器都使用 SSH 公钥进行认证。 为了向 Git 服务器提供 SSH 公钥，如果某系统用户尚未拥有密钥，必须事先为其生成一份。</p>
<p>
linux 可以在本机运行ssh-keygen -t rsa生成密钥，把.pub文件拷到服务器上。</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># su tesla</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">cd</code> <code class="bash plain">~</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">mkdir</code> <code class="bash plain">.</code><code class="bash functions">ssh</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">ssh</code><code class="bash plain">-keygen -t rsa</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Generating public</code><code class="bash plain">/private</code> <code class="bash plain">rsa key pair.</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Enter </code><code class="bash functions">file</code> <code class="bash keyword">in</code> <code class="bash functions">which</code> <code class="bash plain">to save the key (</code><code class="bash plain">/home/tesla/</code><code class="bash plain">.</code><code class="bash functions">ssh</code><code class="bash plain">/id_rsa</code><code class="bash plain">):</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Enter passphrase (empty </code><code class="bash keyword">for</code> <code class="bash plain">no passphrase):</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Enter same passphrase again:</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Your identification has been saved </code><code class="bash keyword">in</code> <code class="bash plain">/home/tesla/</code><code class="bash plain">.</code><code class="bash functions">ssh</code><code class="bash plain">/id_rsa</code><code class="bash plain">.</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Your public key has been saved </code><code class="bash keyword">in</code> <code class="bash plain">/home/tesla/</code><code class="bash plain">.</code><code class="bash functions">ssh</code><code class="bash plain">/id_rsa</code><code class="bash plain">.pub.</code>
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<code class="bash plain">The key fingerprint is:</code>
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<code class="bash plain">13:bf:75:ba:67:7f:0e:a0:47:7a:fe:25:</code><code class="bash functions">bc</code><code class="bash plain">:81:85:c3 tesla@iZ25r8k6ifuZ</code>
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<code class="bash plain">The key's randomart image is:</code>
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<code class="bash plain">+--[ RSA 2048]----+</code>
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<code class="bash plain">| |</code>
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<code class="bash plain">| |</code>
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<code class="bash plain">| . |</code>
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<code class="bash plain">| o . . |</code>
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<code class="bash plain">| S . E o |</code>
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<code class="bash plain">| . O |</code>
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<code class="bash plain">| + = = .|</code>
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<code class="bash plain">| + .o.|</code>
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<code class="bash plain">| o+oo+|</code>
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<code class="bash plain">+-----------------+</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">cd</code> <code class="bash plain">.</code><code class="bash functions">ssh</code><code class="bash plain">/</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">cat</code> <code class="bash plain">id_rsa.pub >> ~/.</code><code class="bash functions">ssh</code><code class="bash plain">/authorized_keys</code>
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<code class="bash functions">exit</code>
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<strong>四 添加tesla到sudoers文件</strong></p>
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tesla用户现在对一些文件夹没有操作权限，修改/etc/sudoers文件来改变他的权限。最高管理员用户用下面命令打开。</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># visudo</code>
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然后我们在vim中找到下面这行</p>
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<code class="plain plain">root ALL=(ALL) ALL</code>
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按i键开始插入，回车一下在下面一行加上</p>
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<code class="plain plain">tesla ALL=(ALL) ALL</code>
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接着按下esc键，输入 :wq ，回车保存退出</p>
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<strong>五 创建Git代码仓库</strong></p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># mkdir /teslaRepo</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># cd /teslaRepo/</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># sudo mkdir teslaProject.git</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># chown tesla:tesla /teslaRepo/</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># chown -R tesla:git /teslaRepo/</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># cd teslaProject.git/</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># sudo git --bare init</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Initialized empty Git repository </code><code class="bash keyword">in</code> <code class="bash plain">/teslaRepo/teslaProject</code><code class="bash plain">.git/</code>
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这样一个叫teslaProject得Git仓库就创建好了</p>
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<strong>六 本地测试使用</strong></p>
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你可以直接在服务器上进行本地测试，也可以直接用你的电脑来测试。下面我是使用自己的MBP来进行的测试。</p>
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<code class="bash plain">localhost:~ okay$ </code><code class="bash functions">cd</code> <code class="bash plain">Desktop</code><code class="bash plain">/git/</code>
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<code class="bash plain">localhost:git okay$ </code><code class="bash functions">mkdir</code> <code class="bash plain">teslaRepo</code>
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<code class="bash plain">localhost:git okay$ </code><code class="bash functions">cd</code> <code class="bash plain">teslaRepo/</code>
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<code class="bash plain">localhost:teslaRepo okay$ git init</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Initialized empty Git repository </code><code class="bash keyword">in</code> <code class="bash plain">/Users/okay/Desktop/git/teslaRepo/</code><code class="bash plain">.git/</code>
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<code class="bash plain">localhost:teslaRepo okay$ git remote add origin tesla@123.57.159.74:</code><code class="bash plain">/teslaRepo/teslaProject</code><code class="bash plain">.git</code>
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上面的命令在本地创建了一个文件夹并添加了服务器上的远程仓库</p>
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<code class="plain plain">localhost:teslaRepo okay$ touch a.txt</code>
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<code class="plain plain">localhost:teslaRepo okay$ git add a.txt</code>
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<code class="plain plain">localhost:teslaRepo okay$ git commit -m "init commit"</code>
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<code class="plain plain"> init commit</code>
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<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)</code>
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<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">create mode 100644 a.txt</code>
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上面的命令在本地创建了一个a.txt并在本地提交了一次</p>
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<code class="plain plain">localhost:teslaRepo okay$ git push origin master</code>
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<code class="plain plain">tesla@123.57.159.74's password:</code>
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<code class="plain plain">Counting objects: 3, done.</code>
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<code class="plain plain">Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 202 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.</code>
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<code class="plain plain">Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)</code>
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<code class="plain plain">To tesla@123.57.159.74:/teslaRepo/teslaProject.git</code>
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<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">* master -> master</code>
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上面的命令将本地代码push到远程服务器上去了，下面我们在本地clone一次看下是否正确</p>
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<strong>七 本地clone</strong></p>
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<code class="plain plain">localhost:git okay$ mkdir ttt</code>
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<code class="plain plain">localhost:git okay$ cd ttt</code>
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<code class="plain plain">localhost:ttt okay$ git clone tesla@123.57.159.74:/teslaRepo/teslaProject.git</code>
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<code class="plain plain">Cloning into 'teslaProject'...</code>
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<code class="plain plain">tesla@123.57.159.74's password:</code>
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<code class="plain plain">remote: Counting objects: 3, done.</code>
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<code class="plain plain">remote: Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)</code>
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<code class="plain plain">Receiving objects: 100% (3/3), done.</code>
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<code class="plain plain">Checking connectivity... done.</code>
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</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
clone完成，让我们看一下文件夹目录</p>
<p>
<img style="max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important;"title="在CentOS搭建Git服务器的详细步骤" alt="在CentOS搭建Git服务器的详细步骤" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/a3207efe73eb74a4a44ed68dbe393a2b.jpg"></p>
<p>
之前push到服务器上的a.txt文件已经被clone下来</p>
<p>
------------分割线------------- </p>
<p>
1. 查看系统用户组</p>
<p>
-d：指定字段的分隔符，默认的字段分隔符为“TAB”；<br>
-f：显示指定字段的内容；</p>
<div class="jb51code">
<div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighterplain" id="highlighter_220963">
<div class="toolbar">
<span>?</span>
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
<td class="gutter">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
1</div>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="container">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">cut -d: -f1 /etc/group</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
2. 查看系统用户</p>
<div class="jb51code">
<div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighterplain" id="highlighter_581891">
<div class="toolbar">
<span>?</span>
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
<td class="gutter">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
1</div>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="container">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
3. clone仓库</p>
<div class="jb51code">
<div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighterplain" id="highlighter_191710">
<div class="toolbar">
<span>?</span>
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
<td class="gutter">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
1</div>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="container">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">git clone git@your_gitServer_ip:/home/gitrepo/sample.git</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
4. push已有仓库</p>
<div class="jb51code">
<div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighterplain" id="highlighter_547137">
<div class="toolbar">
<span>?</span>
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
<td class="gutter">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
1</div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
2</div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
3</div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
4</div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
5</div>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="container">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">// 以master分支示范</code>
</div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
<code class="plain plain">git checkout master</code>
</div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">git remote rm origin</code>
</div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
<code class="plain plain">git remote add origin git@your_gitServer_ip:/home/gitrepo/sample.git</code>
</div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">git push -u origin master</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。</p>
<p>
原文链接：http://www.jianshu.com/p/69ea5ded3ede</p>
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