详解Linux系统中设置SFTP服务用户目录权限的方法
<p><span><strong>前言</strong></span></p>
<p>
在工作或者学习的时候，我们常常会遇到这样的需求，限制一个Linux用户，让他只能在指定的目录下进行添加、修改、删除操作，并且只能使用sftp登录服务器，不能用ssh操作。这些可以通过配置sftp服务实现。</p>
<p>
<span><strong>方法如下</strong></span></p>
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提供sftp服务的有vsftpd和internal-sftp，这里用的是系统自带的internal-sftp，操作步骤如下：</p>
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<strong>1.创建新用户ui，禁止ssh登录，不创建家目录</strong></p>
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<code class="plain plain">useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M www</code>
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<strong>2.设置用户密码</strong></p>
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<code class="bash functions">passwd</code> <code class="bash plain">www</code>
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<strong>3.创建用户的根目录，用户就只能在此目录下活动</strong></p>
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<code class="bash functions">mkdir</code> <code class="bash plain">/home/www</code>
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<strong>4.设置目录权限，目录的权限设定有两个要点：</strong></p>
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目录开始一直往上到系统根目录为止的目录拥有者都只能是root</p>
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目录开始一直往上到系统根目录为止都不可以具有群组写入权限</p>
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<code class="bash functions">chown</code> <code class="bash plain">root:root </code><code class="bash plain">/home/www</code>
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<code class="bash functions">chmod</code> <code class="bash plain">755 </code><code class="bash plain">/home/www</code>
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<strong>5.配置sshd_config</strong></p>
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<code class="bash plain">vim </code><code class="bash plain">/etc/ssh/sshd_config</code>
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<strong>6.修改为下面内容，保存退出</strong></p>
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<code class="bash comments">#注释掉这行</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#Subsystem sftp /usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#添加在配置文件末尾</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Subsystem </code><code class="bash functions">sftp</code> <code class="bash plain">internal-</code><code class="bash functions">sftp</code> <code class="bash comments">#指定使用sftp服务使用系统自带的internal-sftp</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Match User www </code><code class="bash comments">#匹配用户，如果要匹配多个组，多个组之间用逗号分割</code>
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<code class="bash plain">ChrootDirectory </code><code class="bash plain">/home/www</code> <code class="bash comments">#用chroot将指定用户的根目录，chroot的含义：http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-cn-chroot/</code>
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<code class="bash plain">ForceCommand internal-</code><code class="bash functions">sftp</code> <code class="bash comments">#指定sftp命令</code>
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<code class="bash plain">X11Forwarding no </code><code class="bash comments">#这两行，如果不希望该用户能使用端口转发的话就加上，否则删掉</code>
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<code class="bash plain">AllowTcpForwarding no</code>
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<strong>7.重启sshd服务</strong></p>
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<code class="bash plain">service sshd restart</code>
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<strong>8.测试：</strong></p>
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用户登录后进入的是/home/www即用户根目录，根目录是无法写入的，所以先用root在/home/www新建一个ui目录</p>
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<code class="bash functions">mkdir</code> <code class="bash plain">/home/www/ui</code>
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<strong>修改目录所有者和权限</strong></p>
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<code class="bash functions">chown</code> <code class="bash plain">ui:ui </code><code class="bash plain">/home/www/ui</code>
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<code class="bash functions">chmod</code> <code class="bash plain">777 </code><code class="bash plain">/home/www/ui</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#可以在其他目录创建软连接指向ui目录</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#ln -s /home/www/ui /www/</code>
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sftp登录www用户，进入ui目录，即可在/home/www/ui下，对文件进行添加、修改、删除的操作</p>
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<code class="bash functions">sftp</code> <code class="bash plain">-oPort=22 ui@123.56.18.72</code>
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<code class="bash functions">sftp</code><code class="bash plain">> </code><code class="bash functions">cd</code> <code class="bash plain">ui</code>
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<span><strong>总结</strong></span></p>
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以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了，希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作能带来一定的帮助，如果有疑问大家可以留言交流。</p>
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原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/luyucheng/p/6094729.html</p>
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