详解CentOS 6.5搭建Redis3.2.8单机分布式集群
<p>前言</p>
<p>
最近在服务器上搭建了一套Redis3.0伪分布式集群，发现一个问题，就是Shell脚本编写能力和运维工具的重要性亟待提高。</p>
<p>
<strong>集群环境安装</strong></p>
<p>
1.安装Redis</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">cd</code> <code class="bash plain">/usr/local</code> <code class="bash comments">#安装目录</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ wget http:</code><code class="bash plain">//download</code><code class="bash plain">.redis.io</code><code class="bash plain">/releases/redis-3</code><code class="bash plain">.2.8.</code><code class="bash functions">tar</code><code class="bash plain">.gz</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">tar</code> <code class="bash plain">xzf redis-3.2.8.</code><code class="bash functions">tar</code><code class="bash plain">.gz</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">mv</code> <code class="bash plain">redis-3.2.8/ redis</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">cd</code> <code class="bash plain">redis</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">make</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">make</code> <code class="bash functions">install</code>
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<p>
注意：官方给的命令少了make install,导致redis-server只能在redis的src目录下使用</p>
<p>
2.安装Ruby&rubygems</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ yum </code><code class="bash functions">install</code> <code class="bash plain">ruby ruby-devel rubygems</code>
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<p>
3.创建集群环境</p>
<p>
创建集群需要的目录[至少需要6个，3个master,3个slave，公式6+2N]</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">mkdir</code> <code class="bash plain">-p </code><code class="bash plain">/usr/local/redis/cluster/16001/</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">mkdir</code> <code class="bash plain">-p </code><code class="bash plain">/usr/local/redis/cluster/16002/</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">mkdir</code> <code class="bash plain">-p </code><code class="bash plain">/usr/local/redis/cluster/16003/</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">mkdir</code> <code class="bash plain">-p </code><code class="bash plain">/usr/local/redis/cluster/16004/</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">mkdir</code> <code class="bash plain">-p </code><code class="bash plain">/usr/local/redis/cluster/16005/</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">mkdir</code> <code class="bash plain">-p </code><code class="bash plain">/usr/local/redis/cluster/16006/</code>
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<p>
复制redis.conf到每个节点下</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">cp</code> <code class="bash plain">/usr/local/redis/redis</code><code class="bash plain">.conf </code><code class="bash plain">/usr/local/redis/cluster/16001/redis</code><code class="bash plain">.conf</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">cp</code> <code class="bash plain">/usr/local/redis/redis</code><code class="bash plain">.conf </code><code class="bash plain">/usr/local/redis/cluster/16002/redis</code><code class="bash plain">.conf</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">cp</code> <code class="bash plain">/usr/local/redis/redis</code><code class="bash plain">.conf </code><code class="bash plain">/usr/local/redis/cluster/16003/redis</code><code class="bash plain">.conf</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">cp</code> <code class="bash plain">/usr/local/redis/redis</code><code class="bash plain">.conf </code><code class="bash plain">/usr/local/redis/cluster/16004/redis</code><code class="bash plain">.conf</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">cp</code> <code class="bash plain">/usr/local/redis/redis</code><code class="bash plain">.conf </code><code class="bash plain">/usr/local/redis/cluster/16005/redis</code><code class="bash plain">.conf</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">cp</code> <code class="bash plain">/usr/local/redis/redis</code><code class="bash plain">.conf </code><code class="bash plain">/usr/local/redis/cluster/16006/redis</code><code class="bash plain">.conf</code>
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<p>
然后修改每个节点下的redis.conf，主要修改内容如下</p>
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<code class="plain plain">port <端口></code>
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<code class="plain plain">daemonize yes</code>
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<code class="plain plain">cluster-enabled yes</code>
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<code class="plain plain">cluster-config-file nodes.conf</code>
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<code class="plain plain">cluster-node-timeout 5000</code>
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<code class="plain plain">logfile "redis-server.log"</code>
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<code class="plain plain">appendonly yes</code>
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<p>
4.远程访问</p>
<p>
①远程访问配置</p>
<p>
如果要远程访问，需要修改redis.conf中的bind</p>
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默认是127.0.0.1回环地址，如果要远程访问，需要修改成局域网地址 或者 修改成 0.0.0.0,当然也可以使用双地址模式，比如我的局域网地址是192.168.12.213，此外，服务器上的ip一般是固定的，那么可以修改成如下方式</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ bind 192.168.12.213 127.0.0.1 </code><code class="bash comments">#推荐</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ bind 0.0.0.0 </code><code class="bash comments">#不推荐</code>
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<p>
具体请参考：Redis开启远程登录连接</p>
<p>
②.开放防火墙端口</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ service iptables status </code><code class="bash comments">#查看防火墙状态</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 16001 -j ACCEPT</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 16002 -j ACCEPT</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 16003 -j ACCEPT</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 16004 -j ACCEPT</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 16005 -j ACCEPT</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 16006 -j ACCEPT</code>
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<p>
④telnet链接</p>
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<code class="bash plain">telnet 192.168.12.213 16001</code>
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<p>
5.启动Redis实例</p>
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#分别启动这6个redis实例（此时，节点均以Redis Cluster的方式运行，但并没有自动构建集群，因为还处于“我不认识你，你不属于我”的状态，它们每个都是孤零零的Redis节点，或者说只包含了一个节点的集群）</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">cd</code> <code class="bash plain">/usr/local/redis/cluster/16001</code> <code class="bash plain">&& redis-server redis.conf > redis-server.log 2>&1 &</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">cd</code> <code class="bash plain">/usr/local/redis/cluster/16002</code> <code class="bash plain">&& redis-server redis.conf > redis-server.log 2>&1 &</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">cd</code> <code class="bash plain">/usr/local/redis/cluster/16003</code> <code class="bash plain">&& redis-server redis.conf > redis-server.log 2>&1 &</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">cd</code> <code class="bash plain">/usr/local/redis/cluster/16004</code> <code class="bash plain">&& redis-server redis.conf > redis-server.log 2>&1 &</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">cd</code> <code class="bash plain">/usr/local/redis/cluster/16005</code> <code class="bash plain">&& redis-server redis.conf > redis-server.log 2>&1 &</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">cd</code> <code class="bash plain">/usr/local/redis/cluster/16006</code> <code class="bash plain">&& redis-server redis.conf > redis-server.log 2>&1 &</code>
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<p>
命令中的 2>&1表示标准错误流输入到标准输出流中，也就是输入到每个节点的redis-server.log中，至于最后的 &表示是否后台启动，在linux上redis-server本身就是后台启动，因此这个 & 可以不加</p>
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当然，我们可以通过 tail命令监听每个redis-server.log的变化</p>
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<code class="bash functions">tail</code> <code class="bash plain">-f </code><code class="bash plain">/usr/local/redis/cluster/16002/redis-server</code><code class="bash plain">.log</code>
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上面的所有redis启动之后，我们可以通过如下命令中的任何一条命令进行检测</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">netstat</code> <code class="bash plain">-lntp | </code><code class="bash functions">grep</code> <code class="bash string">'redis*'</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">ps</code> <code class="bash plain">-e | </code><code class="bash functions">grep</code> <code class="bash string">'redis*'</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">lsof</code> <code class="bash plain">-i 4 TCP</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ hping --scan 16001-16006 -S 192.168.12.213</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ nmap -sS 192.168.12.213 -p 1600-16007</code>
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<p>
<strong>创建集群</strong></p>
<p>
1.安装redis gem插件</p>
<p>
我们需要安装支持redis的gem工具，否则会报错</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ gem </code><code class="bash functions">install</code> <code class="bash plain">redis --version 3.0.0</code>
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注意：gem install redis --version 3.0.0 失败的话，需要修改一下gem的源</p>
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<code class="plain plain">gem sources --remove https://rubygems.org/</code>
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<code class="plain plain">gem sources -a https://ruby.taobao.org/</code>
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2.创建集群</p>
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让上面的实例互相通讯（1 表示为每个master分配一个salve）</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash plain">/usr/local/redis/src/redis-trib</code><code class="bash plain">.rb create --replicas 1 \</code>
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<code class="bash plain">127.0.0.1:16001 \</code>
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<code class="bash plain">127.0.0.1:16002 \</code>
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<code class="bash plain">127.0.0.1:16003 \</code>
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<code class="bash plain">127.0.0.1:16004 \</code>
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<code class="bash plain">127.0.0.1:16005 \</code>
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<code class="bash plain">127.0.0.1:16006</code>
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3.集群信息查看</p>
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集群创建完成，可以使用下面的命令查看相关信息：</p>
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<code class="bash comments">#查看集群目前状况</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ redis-cli -c -p 16001</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#关闭其中一个节点</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ redis-cli -p 16001 </code><code class="bash functions">shutdown</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#打印集群的信息</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ redis-cli cluster info</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#列出集群当前已知的所有节点（node），以及这些节点的相关信息。</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ redis-cli cluster nodes</code>
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输出的信息：</p>
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<code class="plain plain">127.0.0.1:16002 master - 0 1439345771781 2 connected 5461-10922</code>
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<code class="plain plain">127.0.0.1:16003 master - 0 1439345772286 3 connected 10923-16383</code>
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<code class="plain plain">127.0.0.1:16001 myself,master - 0 0 1 connected 0-5460</code>
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<code class="plain plain">127.0.0.1:16004 slave 2566ea486fc30c911aafaf1b71130fd24a38dba9 0 1439345772791 4 connected</code>
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<code class="plain plain">127.0.0.1:16005 slave edea1e50bd224c6895b1904bce79e83fa07d6017 0 1439345772286 5 connected</code>
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<code class="plain plain">127.0.0.1:16006 slave ab06e033698627ce0ecd4c8c645585a1ae70cc84 0 1439345771276 6 connected</code>
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从上面的信息可以明显看到哪些是主节点、从节点。</p>
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4.保存集群信息</p>
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将节点的配置文件保存到硬盘里</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ redis-cli cluster saveconfig</code>
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<p>
连接端口（可以使用其他端口测试16001 -> 16006）</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ redis-cli -c -p 16001</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ 127.0.0.1:16001> </code><code class="bash functions">set</code> <code class="bash plain">key001 v001</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ 127.0.0.1:16001> get key001</code>
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<strong>选举端口检测</strong></p>
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如果细心的话，你就会发现，在我们创建了集群之后，启动了一些新的端口</p>
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通过如下命令</p>
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<code class="bash functions">netstat</code> <code class="bash plain">-lntp | </code><code class="bash functions">grep</code> <code class="bash string">'redis'</code>
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你就会找到如下端口，这些端口是用来进行选举和主备切换的</p>
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<code>26001 26002 26003 26004 26005 26006</code></p>
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以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。</p>
<p>
原文链接：https://my.oschina.net/ososchina/blog/856678</p>
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