CentOS 7下MongoDB的安装配置详解

音乐人闭能文 發表於 2023-8-19 00:00:00

<p>
<span><strong>一、Mongodb安装</strong></span></p>
<p>
以下安装步骤以dp用户执行</p>
<p>
1. 下载mongodb 3.4.2的安装包:</p>
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“mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.4.2.tgz”，放在～/software下。</p>
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2. 解压该文件包：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">cd</code> <code class="bash plain">～</code><code class="bash plain">/software</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">tar</code> <code class="bash plain">-xf mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.4.2.tgz</code>
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得到文件夹 mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.4.2/，其中的bin文件夹包含Mongodb的所有可执行文件。</p>
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3. 将bin文件夹拷贝到dp用户的默认可执行文件目录～/bin</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">mv</code> <code class="bash plain">bin ~/</code>
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4. 创建数据库文件夹</p>
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创建数据库文件目录，放在～/data/db下</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">mkdir</code> <code class="bash plain">-p ~</code><code class="bash plain">/data/db</code>
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启动mongod服务</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ mongod -dbpath ~</code><code class="bash plain">/data/db</code> <code class="bash plain">-port 7974</code>
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如可以启动，则安装成功。如不成功，可能需要进行SELinux配置，允许MongoDB可以在相应端口启动</p>
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<code class="bash comments"># semanage port -a -t mongod_port_t -p tcp 7974</code>
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注：7974是本项目MongoDB使用的端口，代替默认端口 27017</p>
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<span><strong>二、MongoDB配置</strong></span></p>
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1. 写配置脚本:</p>
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创建一个脚本mongod.conf，存放在/home/dp/data/mongodb/config下，内容为</p>
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<code class="bash plain">systemLog:</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">destination: </code><code class="bash functions">file</code>
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<code class="bash comments">###日志存储位置</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">path: </code><code class="bash plain">/home/dp/data/mongodb/log/mongod</code><code class="bash plain">.log</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">logAppend: </code><code class="bash functions">true</code>
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<code class="bash plain">storage:</code>
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<code class="bash comments">##journal配置</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">journal:</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">enabled: </code><code class="bash functions">true</code>
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<code class="bash comments">##数据文件存储位置</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">dbPath: </code><code class="bash plain">/home/dp/data/db/</code>
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<code class="bash comments">##是否一个库一个文件夹</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">directoryPerDB: </code><code class="bash functions">true</code>
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<code class="bash comments">##数据引擎</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">engine: wiredTiger</code>
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<code class="bash comments">##WT引擎配置</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">wiredTiger:</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">engineConfig:</code>
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<code class="bash comments">##WT最大使用cache（根据服务器实际情况调节4～8）</code>
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<code class="bash spaces">  </code><code class="bash plain">cacheSizeGB: 4</code>
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<code class="bash comments">##是否将索引也按数据库名单独存储</code>
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<code class="bash spaces">  </code><code class="bash plain">directoryForIndexes: </code><code class="bash functions">true</code>
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<code class="bash comments">##表压缩配置,数据压缩算法，可选值“none”、“snappy”、“zlib”</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">collectionConfig:</code>
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<code class="bash spaces">  </code><code class="bash plain">blockCompressor: none</code>
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<code class="bash comments">##索引配置</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">indexConfig:</code>
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<code class="bash spaces">  </code><code class="bash plain">prefixCompression: </code><code class="bash functions">true</code>
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<code class="bash comments">##使mongo进程成为系统集成（父id为1）</code>
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<code class="bash plain">processManagement:</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">fork: </code><code class="bash functions">true</code>
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<code class="bash comments">##端口配置，将默认端口设为7974（默认为27017）</code>
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<code class="bash plain">net:</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">port: 7974</code>
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2. 取消透明大页：</p>
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MongoDB建议关闭Linux系统默认开启的透明大页功能，可编辑rc.local文件，使其在系统启动的时候关闭：</p>
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编辑rc.local文件：</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local</code>
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增加下列内容：</p>
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<code class="bash keyword">if</code> <code class="bash functions">test</code> <code class="bash plain">-f </code><code class="bash plain">/sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled</code><code class="bash plain">; </code><code class="bash keyword">then</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash functions">echo</code> <code class="bash plain">never > </code><code class="bash plain">/sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash keyword">fi</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash keyword">if</code> <code class="bash functions">test</code> <code class="bash plain">-f </code><code class="bash plain">/sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag</code><code class="bash plain">; </code><code class="bash keyword">then</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash functions">echo</code> <code class="bash plain">never > </code><code class="bash plain">/sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash keyword">fi</code>
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保存退出，然后赋予rc.local文件执行权限：</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local</code>
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再重启系统即可。</p>
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3. 将MongoDB设为开机启动</p>
<p>
在CentOS 7下使用systemctl服务管理方式配置MongoDB的启动：</p>
<p>
CentOS 7的服务systemctl脚本存放在/usr/lib/systemd/，MongoDB需要开机不登陆就能运行，就要存在系统服务/usr/lib/systemd/system目录下。</p>
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每一个服务以.service结尾，如mongod.service。内容分为3部分：、和</p>
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<code class="bash plain">Description=MongoDB database server</code>
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<code class="bash plain">After=network.target</code>
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<code class="bash plain">After=syslog.target</code>
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<code class="bash plain"> </code>
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<code class="bash comments">#Type=forking #一次性启动，mongod的后台保持由mongod自己的配置文件中定义</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Type=oneshot</code>
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<code class="bash plain">User=dp</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#PIDFile=/home/dp/data/mongodb/pid</code>
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<code class="bash plain">ExecStart=</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/bin/numactl</code> <code class="bash plain">--interleave=all </code><code class="bash plain">/home/dp/bin/mongod</code> <code class="bash plain">-f </code><code class="bash plain">/home/dp/data/mongodb/config/mongod</code><code class="bash plain">.conf</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#ExecReload=</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#ExecStop=</code>
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<code class="bash plain">PrivateTmp=</code><code class="bash functions">true</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code>
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<code class="bash plain">WantedBy=multi-user.target</code>
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注：MongoDB建议关闭NUMA功能，用 numactl --interleave=all 方式启动 mongod 进程<br>
脚本按照上面编写完成后，以754的权限保存在/usr/lib/systemd/system目录下，这时就可以利用systemctl进行配置：</p>
<ul>
<li>
重新加载配置文件用systemctl daemon-reload</li>
<li>
用systemctl start mongod可测试服务是否可以成功运行</li>
<li>
如果不能运行则可以使用systemctl status mongod查看错误信息和其他服务信息。</li>
</ul>
<p>
如果无法启动MongoDB，可检查日志/home/dp/data/mongodb/log/mongod.log，如果是由于如下错误：</p>
<p>
WiredTiger error (13) , file:WiredTiger.wt, connection: /home/dp/data/db/WiredTiger.turtle: handle-open: open: Permission denied</p>
<p>
可能是由于WiredTiger.turtle的权限不足，或所有者不是dp用户，可以用chmod、chown、chgrp命令修改该文件的属性。</p>
<p>
使用systemctl enable mongod就可以将所编写的服务添加至开机启动。</p>
<p>
<span><strong>三、MongoDB的安全配置</strong></span></p>
<p>
1. 修改登陆端口号和IP</p>
<p>
在配置文件/home/dp/data/mongodb/config/mongod.conf下，定义:</p>
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<code class="bash plain">net:</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">bindIp: 127.0.0.1,192.168.117.55</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">port: 79742017</code><code class="bash plain">/3/8</code> <code class="bash plain">16:59:55 2017</code><code class="bash plain">/3/8</code> <code class="bash plain">16:59:58</code>
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2. 添加认证用户</p>
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在刚安装完毕的时候，MongoDB都默认有一个admin数据库,此时admin数据库是空的,没有记录权限相关的信息。当集合admin.system.users中一个用户都没有时，即使mongod启动时添加了—auth参数,如果没有在admin数据库中添加用户,此时不进行任何认证还是可以做任何操作(不管是否是以—auth 参数启动),直到在admin.system.users中添加了一个用户。加固的核心是只有在admin.system.users中添加用户之后，mongodb的认证,授权服务才能生效。</p>
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步骤一：在未开启认证的环境下，登录到数据库</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ mongo 127.0.0.1:7974</code>
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步骤二：切换到admin数据库</p>
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<code class="sql plain">> use admin</code>
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步骤三：创建管理员账号</p>
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<code class="sql plain">>db.createUser({</code><code class="sql color2">user</code><code class="sql plain">:</code><code class="sql string">"ems"</code><code class="sql plain">,pwd:</code><code class="sql string">"pubugou2017"</code><code class="sql plain">,roles:[</code><code class="sql string">"root"</code><code class="sql plain">]})</code>
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新增的用户在 db.system.users 中</p>
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<code class="sql plain">> db.getCollectionNames()</code>
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<code class="sql plain">[ </code><code class="sql string">"system.indexes"</code><code class="sql plain">, </code><code class="sql string">"system.users"</code><code class="sql plain">, </code><code class="sql string">"system.version"</code> <code class="sql plain">]</code>
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说明:</p>
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1)MongoDB从V3版本开始取消使用addUser方法，采用db.createUser方法创建用户；</p>
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2)账号不要设置为常见账号，密码需要满足一定的复杂度，至少8位以上，包括大小写字母、数字、特殊字符混合体，不要使用生日、姓名、身份证编号等常见密码。</p>
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步骤四：验证用户是否创建成功</p>
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<code class="sql plain">> db.auth(</code><code class="sql string">"supper"</code><code class="sql plain">,</code><code class="sql string">"supWDxsf67%H"</code><code class="sql plain">)</code>
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<code class="sql plain">1</code>
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<code class="sql plain">bye</code>
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步骤五：杀掉进程，重启mongoDB服务</p>
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<span><strong>四、Mongodb C drive安装</strong></span></p>
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1. 下载Mongodb C驱动文件解压</p>
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下载地址为：mongo-c-driver 1.61</p>
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2. 运行配置脚本</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ .</code><code class="bash plain">/configure</code> <code class="bash plain">–disable-automatic-init-and-cleanup</code>
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3. 编译</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">make</code>
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4. 安装</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash functions">make</code> <code class="bash functions">install</code>
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注：使用 sudo 应先对dp用户的sudo权限进行设置，命令为</p>
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<code class="bash comments"># visudo</code>
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或者使用root用户</p>
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<code class="bash comments"># make install</code>
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安装生成的头文件在/usr/local/include/libmongoc-1.0下，库文件在/usr/local/lib下。</p>
<p>
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。</p>
<p>
原文链接：http://www.jianshu.com/p/ccdd3e884b86</p>

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CentOS 7下MongoDB的安装配置详解