debian安装软件包方式图解使用dvd镜像离线安装软件包
<p style='margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";'>先介绍一下环境：</p>
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虚拟机：debian7.2.0</p>
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主机： Win7</p>
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由于有时候无法联网就需要离线安装软件包，可以把debian官网上列出的几个DVD镜像都下下来，其实主要是DVD1，这样就不需要每次安装软件都得联网。</p>
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下面是我从Debian官网上下下来的DVD镜像：</p>
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debian-7.2.0-i386-DVD-1</p>
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debian-7.2.0-i386-DVD-2</p>
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debian-7.2.0-i386-DVD-3</p>
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在每张DVD中都有一个README.txt，其中有如下说明：</p>
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<span>About This Disc <br>
===============</span></p>
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<span> This disc is labeled</span></p>
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<span> Debian GNU/Linux 7.2.0 "Wheezy" - Official i386 DVD Binary-1 <br>
20131012-12:56</span></p>
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<span> which means that this disc is number 1 of a set of 10 discs It <br>
contains programs ("binaries") for `i386' computers.</span></p>
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<span> The programs on the Binary discs are ordered by popularity. The <br>
Binary-1 disc contains the most popular programs and the installation <br>
tools; it is possible to install and run Debian with only the Binary-1 <br>
disc. The other discs, up to Binary-10, contain mostly <br>
special-interest programs.</span></p>
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<span> The Release Notes for "wheezy" are available on the Debian web site. </span></p>
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在DVD1中有关于Debian的安装手册，中文的手册路径是doc/manual/zh_CN/，其中也有关于DVD安装的介绍</p>
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<span>CD(和 DVD) 里面包含的软件包按照流行程度排列次序。也就是说，第一张光盘里面是最常用的软件，而最后一张光盘里面包含的是很少有人用到的软件。</span></p>
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<span>这也意味着购买或者下载刻录所有 CD 是一种浪费，因为大部分光盘您根本不会用到。多数情况下，只需要使用前 3 到 8 张 CD，然后从网络镜像安装其他要用的软件包。DVD 的情况类似：只要一张，或者前两张 DVD 就能满足您大部分要求。</span></p>
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<span>根据经验，常见的桌面安装(使用 GNOME 桌面环境)只需要前三张 CD。其他的桌面环境(KDE 或 Xfce)，就需要额外的 CD。而第一张 DVD 就可以轻松地满足所有的三种桌面环境。</span></p>
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下面开始安装：</p>
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先给虚拟机添加三个虚拟光驱，将刚下载的三个DVD镜像装入</p>
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<font color="#428bca"><span><img style="max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important;"title="debian安装软件包方式图解使用dvd镜像离线安装软件包" alt="debian安装软件包方式图解使用dvd镜像离线安装软件包" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/455cc929c729bc2c3545205b2af7d195.jpg"></span></font></p>
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如下图所示：（<strong>注意：由于已经安装了Debian7.2，所以我把DVD1放在了第二个，即第一IDE控制器从通道，将DVD2放在了第一IDE控制器主通道上，目的是防止每次启动时都自动进入Debian安装界面，DVD1中也有很多软件包</strong>）</p>
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<font color="#428bca"><span><img style="max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important;"title="debian安装软件包方式图解使用dvd镜像离线安装软件包" alt="debian安装软件包方式图解使用dvd镜像离线安装软件包" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/652d0b32793c60797a38ba12469b7a23.jpg"></span></font></p>
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由于添加了三个虚拟光驱，需要修改/etc/fstab，</p>
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<font color="#428bca"><span><img style="max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important;"title="debian安装软件包方式图解使用dvd镜像离线安装软件包" alt="debian安装软件包方式图解使用dvd镜像离线安装软件包" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/81286390dee4ad765a3c6f6e5c565635.jpg"></span></font></p>
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修改为：</p>
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<font color="#428bca"><span><img style="max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important;"title="debian安装软件包方式图解使用dvd镜像离线安装软件包" alt="debian安装软件包方式图解使用dvd镜像离线安装软件包" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/74e6f0305545690c313cecae43c3795a.jpg"></span></font></p>
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同时在/media目录下新建一个目录cdrom2，重启后系统就自动把DVD2挂载到/media/cdrom0，将DVD1挂载到/media/cdrom1，将DVD3挂载到/media/cdrom2下面，如下图：</p>
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<font color="#428bca"><span><img style="max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important;"title="debian安装软件包方式图解使用dvd镜像离线安装软件包" alt="debian安装软件包方式图解使用dvd镜像离线安装软件包" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/580d007ff9bcd4f4a111405081817612.jpg"></span></font></p>
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</p>
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挂载好之后，就可以修改/etc/apt/sources.list了，添加如下内容：</p>
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<font color="#428bca"><span><img style="max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important;"title="debian安装软件包方式图解使用dvd镜像离线安装软件包" alt="debian安装软件包方式图解使用dvd镜像离线安装软件包" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/7f286a3d58f93a85a15758e0ca80aa2c.jpg"></span></font></p>
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如果不知道路径后面写什么可以执行 apt-cdrom add，系统会自动搜索cdrom，并自动填写/etc/apt/sources.list文件，可以看他是怎么写的，使用apt-cdrom add这种方法，有事会出现无法找到软件包的问题。</p>
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<font color="#428bca"><span><img style="max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important;"title="debian安装软件包方式图解使用dvd镜像离线安装软件包" alt="debian安装软件包方式图解使用dvd镜像离线安装软件包" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/8313cb5cf9582e64bea0b2489f7545f7.jpg"></span></font></p>
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最后就可以执行 apt-get update了。</p>
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