Linux系统目录大小通过du命令获取实例
<p>使用过 Linux 系统的小伙伴都知道应该都知道， Linux 系统下的 ls 命令通常被我们用来查看文件目录的内容，但是不知道大家有没有细心留意，ls 命令所显示出来的每一个目录的大小竟然都只有 4 KB ？</p><div class="jb51code"><div><div class="syntaxhighlighterxml" id="highlighter_689216"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr class="firstRow"><td class="gutter"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
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7</div></td><td class="code"><div class="container"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2"><code class="xml plain">$ ls -lh | grep ^d</code></div><div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
</div><div class="line number3 index2 alt2"><code class="xml plain">drwxr-xr-x 3 alvin alvin 4.0K Aug 2 13:57 Bank_Details</code></div><div class="line number4 index3 alt1"><code class="xml plain">drwxr-xr-x 2 alvin alvin 4.0K Mar 15 2019 alvin</code></div><div class="line number5 index4 alt2"><code class="xml plain">drwxr-xr-x 6 alvin alvin 4.0K Feb 16 2019 drive-alvin</code></div><div class="line number6 index5 alt1"><code class="xml plain">drwxr-xr-x 13 alvin alvin 4.0K Jan 6 2019 drive-mageshm</code></div><div class="line number7 index6 alt2"><code class="xml plain">drwxr-xr-x 15 alvin alvin 4.0K Sep 29 21:32 Thanu_Photos</code></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="codetool" id="codetool"><div class="code_n"></div></div></div><p>
其实啊，这是因为 Linux 下一切皆文件，相信大家都听过这句话，所以你看到的 4 KB 只是用于存储目录元信息的文件大小而已，并不是我们通常意义上的目录大小。那么问题来了，如何去获取到文件目录的实际大小呢？别急，Linux 下的 du 命令可以帮到你。</p><p>
du 是英文 disk usage 的缩写，代表磁盘使用率，它是一个标准的 Unix 程序，用于估算当前工作目录中文件空间的使用情况。</p><p>
下面将以 /home/alvin/Documents 为例，来介绍 du 命令的使用。</p><h3>
查看指定目录的总大小</h3><p><br/></p><div class="jb51code"><div><div class="syntaxhighlighterxml" id="highlighter_172479"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr class="firstRow"><td class="gutter"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
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5</div></td><td class="code"><div class="container"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2"><code class="xml plain">$ du -hs /home/alvin/Documents</code></div><div class="line number2 index1 alt1"><code class="xml plain">or</code></div><div class="line number3 index2 alt2"><code class="xml plain">$ du -h --max-depth=0 /home/alvin/Documents/</code></div><div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
</div><div class="line number5 index4 alt2"><code class="xml plain">20G /home/alvin/Documents</code></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="codetool" id="codetool"><div class="code_n"></div></div></div><p>
上面两种方式都可以算出目标目录的总大小，其中：</p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2"><li>
-h 表示显示成 K、M、G 等大小格式</li><li>
-s 表示显示总和</li><li>
--max-depth=N 表示目录级别为 N</li></ul><h3>
查看指定目录下每个目录（包括子目录）的大小</h3><p>
</p><p>
将 -s 选项去掉，不进行统计总和，就能显示每一个目录的大小了，以下仅显示前 20 条：</p><div class="jb51code"><div><div class="syntaxhighlighterxml" id="highlighter_858875"><div class="toolbar"><br/></div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr class="firstRow"><td class="gutter"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
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22</div></td><td class="code"><div class="container"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2"><code class="xml plain">$ du -h /home/alvin/Documents/ | sort -rh | head -20</code></div><div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
</div><div class="line number3 index2 alt2"><code class="xml plain">20G /home/alvin/Documents/</code></div><div class="line number4 index3 alt1"><code class="xml plain">9.6G /home/alvin/Documents/drive-alvin</code></div><div class="line number5 index4 alt2"><code class="xml plain">6.3G /home/alvin/Documents/Thanu_Photos</code></div><div class="line number6 index5 alt1"><code class="xml plain">5.3G /home/alvin/Documents/Thanu_Photos/Camera</code></div><div class="line number7 index6 alt2"><code class="xml plain">5.3G /home/alvin/Documents/drive-alvin/Thanu-videos</code></div><div class="line number8 index7 alt1"><code class="xml plain">3.2G /home/alvin/Documents/drive-mageshm</code></div><div class="line number9 index8 alt2"><code class="xml plain">2.3G /home/alvin/Documents/drive-alvin/Thanu-Photos</code></div><div class="line number10 index9 alt1"><code class="xml plain">2.2G /home/alvin/Documents/drive-alvin/Thanu-photos-by-month</code></div><div class="line number11 index10 alt2"><code class="xml plain">916M /home/alvin/Documents/drive-mageshm/Tanisha</code></div><div class="line number12 index11 alt1"><code class="xml plain">454M /home/alvin/Documents/drive-mageshm/2g-backup</code></div><div class="line number13 index12 alt2"><code class="xml plain">415M /home/alvin/Documents/Thanu_Photos/WhatsApp Video</code></div><div class="line number14 index13 alt1"><code class="xml plain">300M /home/alvin/Documents/drive-alvin/Thanu-photos-by-month/Jan-2017</code></div><div class="line number15 index14 alt2"><code class="xml plain">288M /home/alvin/Documents/drive-alvin/Thanu-photos-by-month/Oct-2017</code></div><div class="line number16 index15 alt1"><code class="xml plain">226M /home/alvin/Documents/drive-alvin/Thanu-photos-by-month/Sep-2017</code></div><div class="line number17 index16 alt2"><code class="xml plain">219M /home/alvin/Documents/Thanu_Photos/WhatsApp Documents</code></div><div class="line number18 index17 alt1"><code class="xml plain">213M /home/alvin/Documents/drive-mageshm/photos</code></div><div class="line number19 index18 alt2"><code class="xml plain">163M /home/alvin/Documents/Thanu_Photos/WhatsApp Video/Sent</code></div><div class="line number20 index19 alt1"><code class="xml plain">161M /home/alvin/Documents/Thanu_Photos/WhatsApp Images</code></div><div class="line number21 index20 alt2"><code class="xml plain">154M /home/alvin/Documents/drive-alvin/Thanu-photos-by-month/June-2017</code></div><div class="line number22 index21 alt1"><code class="xml plain">150M /home/alvin/Documents/drive-alvin/Thanu-photos-by-month/Nov-2016</code></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="codetool" id="codetool"><div class="code_n"></div></div></div><h3>
查看指定目录下每个文件和目录的大小</h3><p>
</p><p>
结合通配符 * 的使用，可以实现显示出指定目录下的文件和目录的大小信息的效果：</p><div class="jb51code"><div><div class="syntaxhighlighterxml" id="highlighter_621992"><div class="toolbar"><br/></div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr class="firstRow"><td class="gutter"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
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12</div></td><td class="code"><div class="container"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2"><code class="xml plain">$ du -hs /home/alvin/Documents/* | sort -rh | head -10</code></div><div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
</div><div class="line number3 index2 alt2"><code class="xml plain">9.6G /home/alvin/Documents/drive-alvin</code></div><div class="line number4 index3 alt1"><code class="xml plain">6.3G /home/alvin/Documents/Thanu_Photos</code></div><div class="line number5 index4 alt2"><code class="xml plain">3.2G /home/alvin/Documents/drive-mageshm</code></div><div class="line number6 index5 alt1"><code class="xml plain">756K /home/alvin/Documents/Bank_Details</code></div><div class="line number7 index6 alt2"><code class="xml plain">272K /home/alvin/Documents/user-friendly-zorin-os-15-has-been-released-TouchInterface1.png</code></div><div class="line number8 index7 alt1"><code class="xml plain">172K /home/alvin/Documents/user-friendly-zorin-os-15-has-been-released-NightLight.png</code></div><div class="line number9 index8 alt2"><code class="xml plain">164K /home/alvin/Documents/ConfigServer Security and Firewall (csf) Cheat Sheet.pdf</code></div><div class="line number10 index9 alt1"><code class="xml plain">132K /home/alvin/Documents/user-friendly-zorin-os-15-has-been-released-Todo.png</code></div><div class="line number11 index10 alt2"><code class="xml plain">112K /home/alvin/Documents/user-friendly-zorin-os-15-has-been-released-ZorinAutoTheme.png</code></div><div class="line number12 index11 alt1"><code class="xml plain">96K /home/alvin/Documents/distro-info.xlsx</code></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="codetool" id="codetool"><div class="code_n"></div></div></div><h3>
查看指定目录下的每个目录的大小（排除子目录）</h3><p>
</p><p>
使用 -S 选项，以排除子目录的形式来统计大小：</p><div class="jb51code"><div><div class="syntaxhighlighterxml" id="highlighter_32093"><div class="toolbar"><br/></div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr class="firstRow"><td class="gutter"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
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22</div></td><td class="code"><div class="container"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2"><code class="xml plain">$ du -hS /home/alvin/Documents/ | sort -rh | head -20</code></div><div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
</div><div class="line number3 index2 alt2"><code class="xml plain">5.3G /home/alvin/Documents/Thanu_Photos/Camera</code></div><div class="line number4 index3 alt1"><code class="xml plain">5.3G /home/alvin/Documents/drive-alvin/Thanu-videos</code></div><div class="line number5 index4 alt2"><code class="xml plain">2.3G /home/alvin/Documents/drive-alvin/Thanu-Photos</code></div><div class="line number6 index5 alt1"><code class="xml plain">1.5G /home/alvin/Documents/drive-mageshm</code></div><div class="line number7 index6 alt2"><code class="xml plain">831M /home/alvin/Documents/drive-mageshm/Tanisha</code></div><div class="line number8 index7 alt1"><code class="xml plain">454M /home/alvin/Documents/drive-mageshm/2g-backup </code></div><div class="line number9 index8 alt2"><code class="xml plain">300M /home/alvin/Documents/drive-alvin/Thanu-photos-by-month/Jan-2017</code></div><div class="line number10 index9 alt1"><code class="xml plain">288M /home/alvin/Documents/drive-alvin/Thanu-photos-by-month/Oct-2017</code></div><div class="line number11 index10 alt2"><code class="xml plain">253M /home/alvin/Documents/Thanu_Photos/WhatsApp Video</code></div><div class="line number12 index11 alt1"><code class="xml plain">226M /home/alvin/Documents/drive-alvin/Thanu-photos-by-month/Sep-2017</code></div><div class="line number13 index12 alt2"><code class="xml plain">219M /home/alvin/Documents/Thanu_Photos/WhatsApp Documents</code></div><div class="line number14 index13 alt1"><code class="xml plain">213M /home/alvin/Documents/drive-mageshm/photos</code></div><div class="line number15 index14 alt2"><code class="xml plain">163M /home/alvin/Documents/Thanu_Photos/WhatsApp Video/Sent</code></div><div class="line number16 index15 alt1"><code class="xml plain">154M /home/alvin/Documents/drive-alvin/Thanu-photos-by-month/June-2017</code></div><div class="line number17 index16 alt2"><code class="xml plain">150M /home/alvin/Documents/drive-alvin/Thanu-photos-by-month/Nov-2016</code></div><div class="line number18 index17 alt1"><code class="xml plain">127M /home/alvin/Documents/drive-alvin/Thanu-photos-by-month/Dec-2016</code></div><div class="line number19 index18 alt2"><code class="xml plain">100M /home/alvin/Documents/drive-alvin/Thanu-photos-by-month/Oct-2016</code></div><div class="line number20 index19 alt1"><code class="xml plain">94M /home/alvin/Documents/drive-alvin/Thanu-photos-by-month/Nov-2017</code></div><div class="line number21 index20 alt2"><code class="xml plain">92M /home/alvin/Documents/Thanu_Photos/WhatsApp Images</code></div><div class="line number22 index21 alt1"><code class="xml plain">90M /home/alvin/Documents/drive-alvin/Thanu-photos-by-month/Dec-2017</code></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="codetool" id="codetool"><div class="code_n"></div></div></div><h3>
查看指定目录中的一级子目录的大小</h3><p>
</p><p>
这个就很简单了，将 max-depth 设定为 1 就可以了：</p><div class="jb51code"><div><div class="syntaxhighlighterxml" id="highlighter_369894"><div class="toolbar"><br/></div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr class="firstRow"><td class="gutter"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
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8</div></td><td class="code"><div class="container"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2"><code class="xml plain">$ du -h --max-depth=1 /home/alvin/Documents/</code></div><div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
</div><div class="line number3 index2 alt2"><code class="xml plain">3.2G /home/alvin/Documents/drive-mageshm</code></div><div class="line number4 index3 alt1"><code class="xml plain">4.0K /home/alvin/Documents/alvin</code></div><div class="line number5 index4 alt2"><code class="xml plain">756K /home/alvin/Documents/Bank_Details</code></div><div class="line number6 index5 alt1"><code class="xml plain">9.6G /home/alvin/Documents/drive-alvin</code></div><div class="line number7 index6 alt2"><code class="xml plain">6.3G /home/alvin/Documents/Thanu_Photos</code></div><div class="line number8 index7 alt1"><code class="xml plain">20G /home/alvin/Documents/</code></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="codetool" id="codetool"><div class="code_n"></div></div></div><h3>
查看指定目录的大小（包含统计功能）</h3><p>
</p><p>
使用 -c 选项能够对结果进行统计，可以看到，指定目录下的文件和目录的大小的总和是 20 G，这和上面第一条命令中所得出的 /home/alvin/Documents/ 的大小 20 G 是一致的：</p><div class="jb51code"><div><div class="syntaxhighlighterxml" id="highlighter_992979"><div class="toolbar"><br/></div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr class="firstRow"><td class="gutter"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
1</div><div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
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12</div></td><td class="code"><div class="container"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2"><code class="xml plain">$ du -hsc /home/alvin/Documents/* | sort -rh | head -10</code></div><div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
</div><div class="line number3 index2 alt2"><code class="xml plain">20G total</code></div><div class="line number4 index3 alt1"><code class="xml plain">9.6G /home/alvin/Documents/drive-alvin</code></div><div class="line number5 index4 alt2"><code class="xml plain">6.3G /home/alvin/Documents/Thanu_Photos</code></div><div class="line number6 index5 alt1"><code class="xml plain">3.2G /home/alvin/Documents/drive-mageshm</code></div><div class="line number7 index6 alt2"><code class="xml plain">756K /home/alvin/Documents/Bank_Details</code></div><div class="line number8 index7 alt1"><code class="xml plain">272K /home/alvin/Documents/user-friendly-zorin-os-15-has-been-released-TouchInterface1.png</code></div><div class="line number9 index8 alt2"><code class="xml plain">172K /home/alvin/Documents/user-friendly-zorin-os-15-has-been-released-NightLight.png</code></div><div class="line number10 index9 alt1"><code class="xml plain">164K /home/alvin/Documents/ConfigServer Security and Firewall (csf) Cheat Sheet.pdf</code></div><div class="line number11 index10 alt2"><code class="xml plain">132K /home/alvin/Documents/user-friendly-zorin-os-15-has-been-released-Todo.png</code></div><div class="line number12 index11 alt1"><code class="xml plain">112K /home/alvin/Documents/user-friendly-zorin-os-15-has-been-released-ZorinAutoTheme.png</code></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="codetool" id="codetool"><div class="code_n"></div></div></div><p>
到此这篇关于Linux系统目录大小通过du命令获取实例的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关用du命令获取Linux系统目录大小内容请搜索以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持！</p><p><br/></p>
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