在CentOS 7上给一个网卡分配多个IP地址的方法
<p>有时你也许想要给一个网卡多个地址。你该怎么做呢？另外买一个网卡来分配地址？在小型网络中其实不用这么做。我们现在可以在CentOS/RHEL 7中给一个网卡分配多个ip地址。想知道怎么做么？好的，跟随我，这并不难。</p>
<p>
首先，让我们找到网卡的IP地址。在我的CentOS 7服务器中，我只使用了一个网卡。</p>
<p>
用root特权运行下面的命令：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">ip addr</code>
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示例输出：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN </code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">link</code><code class="bash plain">/loopback</code> <code class="bash plain">00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">inet 127.0.0.1</code><code class="bash plain">/8</code> <code class="bash plain">scope host lo</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">inet6 ::1</code><code class="bash plain">/128</code> <code class="bash plain">scope host </code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever</code>
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<code class="bash plain">2: enp0s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">link</code><code class="bash plain">/ether</code> <code class="bash plain">08:00:27:80:63:19 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">inet 192.168.1.150</code><code class="bash plain">/24</code> <code class="bash plain">brd 192.168.1.255 scope global enp0s3</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever</code>
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<p>
如上所见，我的网卡名是enp0s3，ip地址是192.168.1.150。</p>
<p>
如你所知，网卡的配置文件存储在 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ 目录下。每个网卡的详细内容将会以不同的名字存储，比如ifcfg-enp0s3。</p>
<p>
让我们看下ifcfg-enp0s3的细节。</p>
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<code class="bash functions">cat</code> <code class="bash plain">/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s3</code>
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示例输出：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">TYPE=</code><code class="bash string">"Ethernet"</code>
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<code class="bash plain">BOOTPROTO=</code><code class="bash string">"none"</code>
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<code class="bash plain">DEFROUTE=</code><code class="bash string">"yes"</code>
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<code class="bash plain">IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=</code><code class="bash string">"no"</code>
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<code class="bash plain">IPV6INIT=</code><code class="bash string">"yes"</code>
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<code class="bash plain">IPV6_AUTOCONF=</code><code class="bash string">"yes"</code>
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<code class="bash plain">IPV6_DEFROUTE=</code><code class="bash string">"yes"</code>
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<code class="bash plain">IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=</code><code class="bash string">"no"</code>
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<code class="bash plain">NAME=</code><code class="bash string">"enp0s3"</code>
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<code class="bash plain">UUID=</code><code class="bash string">"e9f9caef-cb9e-4a19-aace-767c6ee6f849"</code>
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<code class="bash plain">ONBOOT=</code><code class="bash string">"yes"</code>
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<code class="bash plain">HWADDR=</code><code class="bash string">"08:00:27:80:63:19"</code>
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<code class="bash plain">IPADDR0=</code><code class="bash string">"192.168.1.150"</code>
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<code class="bash plain">PREFIX0=</code><code class="bash string">"24"</code>
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<code class="bash plain">GATEWAY0=</code><code class="bash string">"192.168.1.1"</code>
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<code class="bash plain">DNS1=</code><code class="bash string">"192.168.1.1"</code>
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<code class="bash plain">IPV6_PEERDNS=</code><code class="bash string">"yes"</code>
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<code class="bash plain">IPV6_PEERROUTES=</code><code class="bash string">"yes"</code>
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<p>
好的，现在我们将在相同的子网中分配多个地址了。</p>
<p>
编辑文件 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s3：</p>
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<code class="bash functions">vi</code> <code class="bash plain">/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s3</code>
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<p>
像下面那样加入额外的IP地址。</p>
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<code class="bash plain">TYPE=</code><code class="bash string">"Ethernet"</code>
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<code class="bash plain">BOOTPROTO=</code><code class="bash string">"none"</code>
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<code class="bash plain">DEFROUTE=</code><code class="bash string">"yes"</code>
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<code class="bash plain">IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=</code><code class="bash string">"no"</code>
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<code class="bash plain">IPV6INIT=</code><code class="bash string">"yes"</code>
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<code class="bash plain">IPV6_AUTOCONF=</code><code class="bash string">"yes"</code>
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<code class="bash plain">IPV6_DEFROUTE=</code><code class="bash string">"yes"</code>
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<code class="bash plain">IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=</code><code class="bash string">"no"</code>
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<code class="bash plain">NAME=</code><code class="bash string">"enp0s3"</code>
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<code class="bash plain">UUID=</code><code class="bash string">"933cdc9b-b383-4ddd-b219-5a72c69c9cf0"</code>
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<code class="bash plain">ONBOOT=</code><code class="bash string">"yes"</code>
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<code class="bash plain">HWADDR=</code><code class="bash string">"08:00:27:3F:AB:68"</code>
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<code class="bash plain">IPADDR0=</code><code class="bash string">"192.168.1.150"</code>
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<code class="bash plain">IPADDR1=</code><code class="bash string">"192.168.1.151"</code>
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<code class="bash plain">IPADDR2=</code><code class="bash string">"192.168.1.152"</code>
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<code class="bash plain">PREFIX0=</code><code class="bash string">"24"</code>
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<code class="bash plain">GATEWAY0=</code><code class="bash string">"192.168.1.1"</code>
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<code class="bash plain">DNS1=</code><code class="bash string">"192.168.1.1"</code>
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<code class="bash plain">IPV6_PEERDNS=</code><code class="bash string">"yes"</code>
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<code class="bash plain">IPV6_PEERROUTES=</code><code class="bash string">"yes"</code>
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<p>
如你所见，我已经加了两个IP地址：IPADDR1=”192.168.1.151″ & IPADDR2=”192.168.1.152″</p>
<p>
类似地，你可以加入更多的ip地址。</p>
<p>
最后，保存并退出文件。重启网络服务来使更改生效。</p>
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<p>
现在，让我们检查是否已经加入了ip地址。</p>
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<p>
示例输出：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN </code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">link</code><code class="bash plain">/loopback</code> <code class="bash plain">00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">inet 127.0.0.1</code><code class="bash plain">/8</code> <code class="bash plain">scope host lo</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">inet6 ::1</code><code class="bash plain">/128</code> <code class="bash plain">scope host </code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever</code>
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<code class="bash plain">2: enp0s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">link</code><code class="bash plain">/ether</code> <code class="bash plain">08:00:27:3f:ab:68 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">inet 192.168.1.150</code><code class="bash plain">/24</code> <code class="bash plain">brd 192.168.1.255 scope global enp0s3</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">inet 192.168.1.151</code><code class="bash plain">/24</code> <code class="bash plain">brd 192.168.1.255 scope global secondary enp0s3</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">inet 192.168.1.152</code><code class="bash plain">/24</code> <code class="bash plain">brd 192.168.1.255 scope global secondary enp0s3</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe3f:ab68</code><code class="bash plain">/64</code> <code class="bash plain">scope link </code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever</code>
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<p>
如你所见，单个网卡已经有3个ip地址了。</p>
<p>
让我们ping一下新增的IP地址：</p>
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<code class="bash functions">ping</code> <code class="bash plain">-c 4 192.168.1.151</code>
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<p>
示例输出：</p>
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8</div>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="container">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">PING 192.168.1.151 (192.168.1.151) 56(84) bytes of data.</code>
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<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">64 bytes from 192.168.1.151: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 </code><code class="bash functions">time</code><code class="bash plain">=0.048 ms</code>
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<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">64 bytes from 192.168.1.151: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 </code><code class="bash functions">time</code><code class="bash plain">=0.075 ms</code>
</div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">64 bytes from 192.168.1.151: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 </code><code class="bash functions">time</code><code class="bash plain">=0.077 ms</code>
</div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">64 bytes from 192.168.1.151: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 </code><code class="bash functions">time</code><code class="bash plain">=0.077 ms</code>
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<div class="line number6 index5 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">--- 192.168.1.151 </code><code class="bash functions">ping</code> <code class="bash plain">statistics ---</code>
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<div class="line number7 index6 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, </code><code class="bash functions">time</code> <code class="bash plain">2999ms</code>
</div>
<div class="line number8 index7 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">rtt min</code><code class="bash plain">/avg/max/mdev</code> <code class="bash plain">= 0.048</code><code class="bash plain">/0</code><code class="bash plain">.069</code><code class="bash plain">/0</code><code class="bash plain">.077</code><code class="bash plain">/0</code><code class="bash plain">.013 ms</code>
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</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
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<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="jb51code">
<div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighterbash" id="highlighter_808600">
<div class="toolbar">
<span>?</span>
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1</div>
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<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="bash functions">ping</code> <code class="bash plain">-c 4 192.168.1.152</code>
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</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
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<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
示例输出：</p>
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<div>
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<span>?</span>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
<td class="gutter">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
1</div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
2</div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
3</div>
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4</div>
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5</div>
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6</div>
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7</div>
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8</div>
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<code class="bash plain">PING 192.168.1.152 (192.168.1.152) 56(84) bytes of data.</code>
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<code class="bash plain">64 bytes from 192.168.1.152: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 </code><code class="bash functions">time</code><code class="bash plain">=0.034 ms</code>
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<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">64 bytes from 192.168.1.152: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 </code><code class="bash functions">time</code><code class="bash plain">=0.075 ms</code>
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<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">64 bytes from 192.168.1.152: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 </code><code class="bash functions">time</code><code class="bash plain">=0.073 ms</code>
</div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">64 bytes from 192.168.1.152: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 </code><code class="bash functions">time</code><code class="bash plain">=0.075 ms</code>
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<div class="line number6 index5 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">--- 192.168.1.152 </code><code class="bash functions">ping</code> <code class="bash plain">statistics ---</code>
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<div class="line number7 index6 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, </code><code class="bash functions">time</code> <code class="bash plain">2999ms</code>
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<div class="line number8 index7 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">rtt min</code><code class="bash plain">/avg/max/mdev</code> <code class="bash plain">= 0.034</code><code class="bash plain">/0</code><code class="bash plain">.064</code><code class="bash plain">/0</code><code class="bash plain">.075</code><code class="bash plain">/0</code><code class="bash plain">.018 ms</code>
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</div>
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</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
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<textarea></textarea>
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</div>
</div>
<p>
如果你想要使用不同的子网，你要改变PREFIX0=24成不同的子网，比如 PREFIX1=16。</p>
<p>
比如，我想要添加一个A类地址（*比如10.0.0.1）到我的网卡中。</p>
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2</div>
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3</div>
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4</div>
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5</div>
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6</div>
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7</div>
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8</div>
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9</div>
<div class="line number10 index9 alt1">
10</div>
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11</div>
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12</div>
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13</div>
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14</div>
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15</div>
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16</div>
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17</div>
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18</div>
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19</div>
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20</div>
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21</div>
<div class="line number22 index21 alt1">
22</div>
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<code class="bash plain">TYPE=</code><code class="bash string">"Ethernet"</code>
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<code class="bash plain">BOOTPROTO=</code><code class="bash string">"none"</code>
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<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">DEFROUTE=</code><code class="bash string">"yes"</code>
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<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=</code><code class="bash string">"no"</code>
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<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">IPV6INIT=</code><code class="bash string">"yes"</code>
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<div class="line number6 index5 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">IPV6_AUTOCONF=</code><code class="bash string">"yes"</code>
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<div class="line number7 index6 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">IPV6_DEFROUTE=</code><code class="bash string">"yes"</code>
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<div class="line number8 index7 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=</code><code class="bash string">"no"</code>
</div>
<div class="line number9 index8 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">NAME=</code><code class="bash string">"enp0s3"</code>
</div>
<div class="line number10 index9 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">UUID=</code><code class="bash string">"933cdc9b-b383-4ddd-b219-5a72c69c9cf0"</code>
</div>
<div class="line number11 index10 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">ONBOOT=</code><code class="bash string">"yes"</code>
</div>
<div class="line number12 index11 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">HWADDR=</code><code class="bash string">"08:00:27:3F:AB:68"</code>
</div>
<div class="line number13 index12 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">IPADDR0=</code><code class="bash string">"192.168.1.150"</code>
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<div class="line number14 index13 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">IPADDR1=</code><code class="bash string">"192.168.1.151"</code>
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<div class="line number15 index14 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">IPADDR2=</code><code class="bash string">"192.168.1.152"</code>
</div>
<div class="line number16 index15 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">IPADDR3=</code><code class="bash string">"10.0.0.1"</code>
</div>
<div class="line number17 index16 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">PREFIX0=</code><code class="bash string">"24"</code>
</div>
<div class="line number18 index17 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">PREFIX1=16</code>
</div>
<div class="line number19 index18 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">GATEWAY0=</code><code class="bash string">"192.168.1.1"</code>
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<div class="line number20 index19 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">DNS1=</code><code class="bash string">"192.168.1.1"</code>
</div>
<div class="line number21 index20 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">IPV6_PEERDNS=</code><code class="bash string">"yes"</code>
</div>
<div class="line number22 index21 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">IPV6_PEERROUTES=</code><code class="bash string">"yes"</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
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</div>
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<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
你可以看到我已经添加一个A类地址(10.0.0.1)并且前缀是16。</p>
<p>
保存并退出文件。重启网络服务，接着，ping新增的地址：</p>
<div class="jb51code">
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<div class="toolbar">
<span>?</span>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
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1</div>
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<code class="bash functions">ping</code> <code class="bash plain">-c 4 10.0.0.1</code>
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</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
示例输出：</p>
<div class="jb51code">
<div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighterbash" id="highlighter_551643">
<div class="toolbar">
<span>?</span>
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
<td class="gutter">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
1</div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
2</div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
3</div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
4</div>
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5</div>
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6</div>
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8</div>
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<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">PING 10.0.0.1 (10.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.</code>
</div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 </code><code class="bash functions">time</code><code class="bash plain">=0.097 ms</code>
</div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 </code><code class="bash functions">time</code><code class="bash plain">=0.073 ms</code>
</div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 </code><code class="bash functions">time</code><code class="bash plain">=0.074 ms</code>
</div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 </code><code class="bash functions">time</code><code class="bash plain">=0.075 ms</code>
</div>
<div class="line number6 index5 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">--- 10.0.0.1 </code><code class="bash functions">ping</code> <code class="bash plain">statistics ---</code>
</div>
<div class="line number7 index6 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, </code><code class="bash functions">time</code> <code class="bash plain">3000ms</code>
</div>
<div class="line number8 index7 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">rtt min</code><code class="bash plain">/avg/max/mdev</code> <code class="bash plain">= 0.073</code><code class="bash plain">/0</code><code class="bash plain">.079</code><code class="bash plain">/0</code><code class="bash plain">.097</code><code class="bash plain">/0</code><code class="bash plain">.014 ms</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
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</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
相似地，你可以添加不同的网关。</p>
<p>
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。</p>
<p>
原文链接：https://linux.cn/article-5127-1.html</p>
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