Centos7添加静态路由的方法

星晨雾雨 發表於 2023-8-23 00:00:00

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<span><strong>一、ip route显示和设定路由</strong></span></p>
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<strong>1、显示路由表</strong></p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># ip route show </code>
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<code class="bash plain">default via 192.168.150.254 dev enp0s3 proto static metric 1024 192.168.150.0</code><code class="bash plain">/24</code> <code class="bash plain">dev enp0s3 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.150.110</code>
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太难看了，格式化一下（显示的是默认网关和局域网路由，两行的内容没有共通性）：</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># ip route show|column -t </code>
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<code class="bash plain">default via 192.168.150.254 dev enp0s3 proto static metric 1024 192.168.150.0</code><code class="bash plain">/24</code> <code class="bash plain">dev enp0s3 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.150.110</code>
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<strong>2、添加静态路由</strong></p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># ip route add 10.15.150.0/24 via 192.168.150.253 dev enp0s3 </code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># </code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># ip route show|column -t </code>
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<code class="bash plain">default via 192.168.150.254 dev enp0s3 proto static metric 1024 10.15.150.0</code><code class="bash plain">/24</code> <code class="bash plain">via 192.168.150.253 dev enp0s3 proto static metric 1 192.168.150.0</code><code class="bash plain">/24</code> <code class="bash plain">dev enp0s3 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.150.110 </code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># </code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># ping 10.15.150.1 </code>
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<code class="bash plain">PING 10.15.150.1 (10.15.150.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.15.150.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 </code><code class="bash functions">time</code><code class="bash plain">=1.77 ms 64 bytes from 10.15.150.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 </code><code class="bash functions">time</code><code class="bash plain">=1.08 ms 64 bytes from 10.15.150.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 </code><code class="bash functions">time</code><code class="bash plain">=1.57 ms </code>
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<code class="bash plain">^C</code>
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<strong>3、删除静态路由</strong></p>
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只需要把 add 替换成 del，或者更简单的只写目标网络</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># ip route del 10.15.150.0/24</code>
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<strong><span>二、设置永久的静态路由</span></strong></p>
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<strong>1、添加永久静态路由</strong></p>
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ip route 指令对路由的修改不能保存，重启就没了。把 ip route 指令写到 /etc/rc.local 也是徒劳的。</p>
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RHEL7官网文档没有提到 /etc/sysconfig/static-routes，经测试此文件已经无效；</p>
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/etc/sysconfig/network 配置文件仅仅可以提供全局默认网关，语法同 Centos6 一样： GATEWAY=<ip address>；</p>
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永久静态路由需要写到 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-interface文件中，比如添加两条静态路由：</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-enp0s310.15.150.0/24 via 192.168.150.253 dev enp0s3 10.25.250.0/24 via 192.168.150.253 dev enp0s3</code>
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重启计算机，或者重新启用设备enp0s3才能生效。</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># nmcli dev connect enp0s3</code>
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一般直接连接一次设备即可，如果不成功就先断开设备再连接设备，注意必须两个指令一起运行，否则，，，，，，你晓得。</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># nmcli dev disconnect enp0s3 && nmcli dev connect enp0s3</code>
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<strong>2、清除永久静态路由</strong></p>
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可以删除 ifcfg-enp0s3文件或者注释掉文件里的相应静态路由条目，重启计算机。</p>
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想要让修改后的静态路由立即生效，只能用 ip route del手工删除静态路由条目。</p>
<p>
实验的过程中出现两个奇怪的现象：</p>
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1）有时候路由生效了但是在 ip route show 却没有显示，重启计算机后是肯定显示的，原因暂时不明。</p>
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2）存在多个网卡时，默认路由似乎是随机经由某个网卡设备。检查了所有连接配置文件后发现，第一网卡的默认连接配置文件 ifcfg-eth0 设置了GATEWAY0（此设置会覆盖/etc/sysconfig/network 定义的全局默认网关），第二网卡的连接配置文件 ifcfg-eth1 使用的是dhcp，会在启动时也分配默认网关，两个默认网关让计算机糊涂了。这是在测试系统里经常发生的现象，生产系统一般不会让网卡用dhcp，或者即使是用了也会仔细分配默认网关防止冲突。</p>
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<span>其他需要注意的：</span></p>
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1）连接配置文件 ifcfg-* 里可以设置多个GATEWAY，一般第一个是 GATEWAY0，然后GATEWAY1, GATEWAY2... ，尾号最大的有效；</p>
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2）如果必须在/etc/sysconfig/network 文件定义全局网关，连接配置文件 ifcfg-* 就不要设置GATEWAY了，dhcp的连接要注意dhcp服务器不要定义默认网关。</p>
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3）ifcfg-enp0s3 文件改名为 ifcfg-eth0 后，route-enp0s3 文件也要改名为 route-eth0。</p>
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以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。</p>
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原文链接：https://www.teakki.com/p/57dbd22615d9b5b7178073c7</p>

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Centos7添加静态路由的方法