CentOS 7.x NAT模式上网配置步骤详解

家有三姐 發表於 2023-8-25 00:00:00

<p>
前言</p>
<p>
本机环境介绍如下：</p>
<ul>
<li>
虚拟机版本——VMware Workstation Pro 12.x</li>
<li>
系统镜像——CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1511.iso</li>
<li>
static IP address——10.0.0.102</li>
<li>
netmask——10.0.0.2</li>
</ul>
<p>
<span><strong>一 VMware 配置</strong></span></p>
<p>
在“编辑”选项卡中，选择“虚拟网络编辑器”，如下图：</p>
<p>
<img style="max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important;"title="CentOS 7.x NAT模式上网配置步骤详解" alt="CentOS 7.x NAT模式上网配置步骤详解" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/7b5bf06c38f17e24a0f13ef6f1bf3a46.jpg"></p>
<p>
选择VMnet8，修改子网IP与子网掩码，注意不要给“使用本地DHCP服务将IP地址分配给虚拟机”选项打勾，如下图：</p>
<p>
<img style="max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important;"title="CentOS 7.x NAT模式上网配置步骤详解" alt="CentOS 7.x NAT模式上网配置步骤详解" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/d453acf26658fbbdb08209cdb073333d.jpg"></p>
<p>
点击NAT设置，编辑内容如下：</p>
<p>
<img style="max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important;"title="CentOS 7.x NAT模式上网配置步骤详解" alt="CentOS 7.x NAT模式上网配置步骤详解" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/a6378b48b7f32e7897e01bcd28938f2f.jpg"></p>
<p>
<img style="max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important;"title="CentOS 7.x NAT模式上网配置步骤详解" alt="CentOS 7.x NAT模式上网配置步骤详解" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/4563d4e4d9cb3190dab4ea6983c9a7d2.jpg"></p>
<p>
设置完毕后，应用所修改的设置</p>
<p>
<span><strong>二配置网卡配置文件</strong></span></p>
<p>
登录CentOS7- x86_64系统，编辑网卡配置文件。</p>
<p>
注意：CentOS7.x 的默认网卡文件为ifcfg-eno16777736，用户可以选择在安装系统前添加如下信息：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">net.ifnames=0 net.biosdevname=0</code>
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如下图所示：</p>
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<img style="max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important;"title="CentOS 7.x NAT模式上网配置步骤详解" alt="CentOS 7.x NAT模式上网配置步骤详解" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/2eaa0a252174fc0d4c6a25151173e582.jpg"></p>
<p>
<img style="max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important;"title="CentOS 7.x NAT模式上网配置步骤详解" alt="CentOS 7.x NAT模式上网配置步骤详解" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/d78f6f59716f6e26cfa47b2d6296c5ad.jpg"></p>
<p>
添加信息完成后，直接回车开始安装操作系统。</p>
<p>
原始配置文件信息：</p>
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<code class="bash comments"># vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0</code>
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<code class="bash plain">TYPE=Ethernet</code>
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<code class="bash plain">BOOTPROTO=dhcp</code>
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<code class="bash plain">DEFROUTE=</code><code class="bash functions">yes</code>
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<code class="bash plain">PEERDNS=</code><code class="bash functions">yes</code>
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<code class="bash plain">PEERROUTES=</code><code class="bash functions">yes</code>
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<code class="bash plain">IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#IPV6INIT=yes</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#IPV6_PEERDNS=yes</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#IPV6_PEERROUTES=yes</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no</code>
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<code class="bash plain">NAME=eth0</code>
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<code class="bash plain">UUID=db47cec1-8f63-470f-a7ce-78dc1abf9a50</code>
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<code class="bash plain">DEVICE=eth0</code>
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<code class="bash plain">ONBOOT=no</code>
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<code class="bash string">"/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0"</code>
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<p>
实现NAT上网需要修改如下信息：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">BOOTPROTO=static </code><code class="bash comments">#原始值“dhcp”，改为“static”</code>
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<code class="bash plain">IPADDR=10.0.0.102 </code><code class="bash comments">#添加NAT上网的静态IP地址</code>
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<code class="bash plain">NETMASK=255.255.255.0 </code><code class="bash comments">#添加子网掩码</code>
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<code class="bash plain">GATEWAY=10.0.0.2 </code><code class="bash comments">#添加网关，根据VMware 软件‘虚拟网络编辑器'中的子网配置</code>
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<code class="bash plain">DNS1=10.0.0.2 </code><code class="bash comments">#添加首选DNS服务器</code>
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<code class="bash plain">DNS2=223.5.5.5 </code><code class="bash comments">#添加备用DNS服务器</code>
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<code class="bash plain">ONBOOT=</code><code class="bash functions">yes</code> <code class="bash comments">#原始值“no”，改为“yes”，意为网卡eth0随开机启动</code>
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<p>
修改后的网卡配置文件信息：</p>
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<code class="bash comments"># vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 </code>
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<code class="bash plain">TYPE=Ethernet</code>
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<code class="bash plain">BOOTPROTO=static</code>
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<code class="bash plain">IPADDR=10.0.0.102</code>
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<code class="bash plain">NETMASK=255.255.255.0</code>
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<code class="bash plain">GATEWAY=10.0.0.2</code>
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<code class="bash plain">DNS1=10.0.0.2</code>
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<code class="bash plain">DNS2=223.5.5.5</code>
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<code class="bash plain">DEFROUTE=</code><code class="bash functions">yes</code>
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<code class="bash plain">PEERDNS=</code><code class="bash functions">yes</code>
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<code class="bash plain">PEERROUTES=</code><code class="bash functions">yes</code>
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<code class="bash plain">IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#IPV6INIT=yes</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#IPV6_PEERDNS=yes</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#IPV6_PEERROUTES=yes</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no</code>
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<code class="bash plain">NAME=eth0</code>
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<code class="bash plain">UUID=db47cec1-8f63-470f-a7ce-78dc1abf9a50</code>
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<code class="bash plain">DEVICE=eth0</code>
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<code class="bash plain">ONBOOT=</code><code class="bash functions">yes</code>
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<code class="bash string">"/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0"</code>
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修改完成后，重启网络服务：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">/etc/init</code><code class="bash plain">.d</code><code class="bash plain">/network</code> <code class="bash plain">restart</code>
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测试连通性：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">\</code><code class="bash comments"># ping www.baidu.com</code>
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<code class="bash plain">PING www.baidu.com (119.75.218.70) 56(84) bytes of data.</code>
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<code class="bash plain">64 bytes from 119.75.218.70: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 </code><code class="bash functions">time</code><code class="bash plain">=82.5 ms</code>
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<code class="bash plain">64 bytes from 119.75.218.70: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 </code><code class="bash functions">time</code><code class="bash plain">=5.04 ms</code>
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<code class="bash plain">64 bytes from 119.75.218.70: icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 </code><code class="bash functions">time</code><code class="bash plain">=84.7 ms</code>
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<code class="bash plain">64 bytes from 119.75.218.70: icmp_seq=4 ttl=128 </code><code class="bash functions">time</code><code class="bash plain">=74.8 ms</code>
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<code class="bash plain">64 bytes from 119.75.218.70: icmp_seq=5 ttl=128 </code><code class="bash functions">time</code><code class="bash plain">=24.9 ms</code>
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<code class="bash plain">64 bytes from 119.75.218.70: icmp_seq=6 ttl=128 </code><code class="bash functions">time</code><code class="bash plain">=72.5 ms</code>
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<code class="bash plain">^C64 bytes from 119.75.218.70: icmp_seq=7 ttl=128 </code><code class="bash functions">time</code><code class="bash plain">=95.4 ms</code>
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<code class="bash plain">--- www.baidu.com </code><code class="bash functions">ping</code> <code class="bash plain">statistics ---</code>
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<code class="bash plain">7 packets transmitted, 7 received, 0% packet loss, </code><code class="bash functions">time</code> <code class="bash plain">9939ms</code>
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<code class="bash plain">rtt min</code><code class="bash plain">/avg/max/mdev</code> <code class="bash plain">= 5.043</code><code class="bash plain">/62</code><code class="bash plain">.879</code><code class="bash plain">/95</code><code class="bash plain">.452</code><code class="bash plain">/31</code><code class="bash plain">.495 ms</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#</code>
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<p>
<span><strong>三 NAT模式上网配置完成</strong></span></p>
<p>
ping通网络之后，可以下载需要的软件应用。</p>
<p>
1、建议安装 EPEL 仓库并安装常用命令</p>
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<code class="bash comments"># rpm -ivh http://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm </code>
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<code class="bash comments"># yum install -y net-tools vim lrzsz tree screen lsof tcpdump</code>
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2、关闭 NetworkManager 和防火墙</p>
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<code class="bash comments"># systemctl disable firewalld </code>
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<code class="bash comments"># systemctl disable NetworkManager</code>
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3、关闭并确认 SELinux 处于关闭状态</p>
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<code class="bash comments"># vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux </code>
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<code class="bash plain">SELINUX=disabled </code><code class="bash comments">#修改为 disable</code>
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4、更新系统并重启</p>
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1</div>
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<code class="bash comments"># yum update -y && reboot</code>
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<span><strong>四 VMware Fusion NAT上网设置</strong></span></p>
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1、使用iterms编辑文件</p>
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需求是通过虚拟机设置的网络号上网，所以修改vmnet8的NETMASK和SUBNET两项即可；修改后的文件内容如下：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">VERSION=1,0 </code>
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<code class="bash plain">answer VNET_1_DHCP </code><code class="bash functions">yes</code>
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<code class="bash plain">answer VNET_1_DHCP_CFG_HASH 7C0A6BA01FAEB4AA67D79A3B663ED0CD669EBE5B </code>
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<code class="bash plain">answer VNET_1_HOSTONLY_NETMASK 255.255.255.0 </code>
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<code class="bash plain">answer VNET_1_HOSTONLY_SUBNET 192.168.211.0 </code>
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<code class="bash plain">answer VNET_1_VIRTUAL_ADAPTER </code><code class="bash functions">yes</code>
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<code class="bash plain">answer VNET_8_DHCP </code><code class="bash functions">yes</code>
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<code class="bash plain">answer VNET_8_DHCP_CFG_HASH 0849581B4878EB20736F9D4FF8DCB8D65D6B17AE </code>
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<code class="bash plain">answer VNET_8_HOSTONLY_NETMASK 255.255.255.0 </code>
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<code class="bash plain">answer VNET_8_HOSTONLY_SUBNET 192.168.56.0 </code>
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<code class="bash plain">answer VNET_8_NAT </code><code class="bash functions">yes</code>
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<code class="bash plain">answer VNET_8_VIRTUAL_ADAPTER </code><code class="bash functions">yes</code>
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<code class="bash plain">add_bridge_mapping en1 2 </code>
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<code class="bash plain">~ </code>
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<code class="bash plain">~ </code>
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<code class="bash plain">~ </code>
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<code class="bash plain">“</code><code class="bash plain">/Library/Preferences/VMware</code> <code class="bash plain">Fusion</code><code class="bash plain">/networking</code><code class="bash plain">” [</code><code class="bash functions">readonly</code><code class="bash plain">] 13L, 488C</code>
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2、设置虚拟机的网卡信息</p>
<p>
修改文件内容，同本文第二部分修改后的网卡配置。此处不在复制粘贴。</p>
<p>
<span><strong>注意：</strong></span>这里在修改网卡配置文件的时候，看一下mac路径内nat.conf配置文件，里面有记录修改后IP段的网关地址！我刚从这个坑里爬出来哦。</p>
<p>
3、其他基本设置</p>
<p>
同本文第二三部分内容，设置即可。</p>
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<span><strong>五结束</strong></span></p>
<p>
上面的步骤完成后，建议给虚拟机做一个快照，以便于随时回到一个初始化完毕的系统中。</p>
<p>
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。</p>
<p>
原文链接：http://blog.csdn.net/lsc476782158/article/details/51721909?locationNum=9&fps=1</p>

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CentOS 7.x NAT模式上网配置步骤详解