CentOS 离线安装gcc（版本4.8.2）详细介绍
<p><strong>CentOS 离线安装gcc</strong></p>
<p>
折腾了一天，功夫不负有心人，终于整出来了，还是很激动的呵呵。废话就不多说了，直接进入正题。<br>
首先，在CentOS下安装gcc4.8.2需要先安装GMP，MPFR 和 MPC 三个包。</p>
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<strong>安装包下载地址</strong></p>
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从http://gcc.gnu.org/下载gcc安装包 gcc-4.8.2.tar.gz<br>
从ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gmp/ 下载GMP安装包 gmp-5.1.3 .tar.bz2<br>
从http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/mpfr/ 下载MPFR安装包 mpfr-3.1.2.tar.gz<br>
从http://www.cise.ufl.edu/mirrors/GNU/pub/gnu/mpc 下载MPC安装包 mpc-1.0.1.tar.gz </p>
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安装步骤如下：</p>
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把GMP，MPFR 和 MPC 三个包分别解压到单独的文件中。</p>
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安装gmp</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># cd gmp-5.1.3</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># ./configure</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># make</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># make check</code>
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这一步是必要的,用来查看有没有文件不匹配或缺失,在最后提示,到时注意看有没有Erro之类的提示,如果没有说明安装正常了. 本人安装过程中没有出现错误, 如果网友编译过程中出了问题记得告诉我.</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># make install</code>
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安装编译后的软件,完成了安装过程</p>
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有必要说明程序的头文件(.h)和库文件(lib*)的位置,本次安装会安装在 /usr/local/include 和 /usr/local/lib . 这个对后面安装mpfr很有作用.</p>
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安装mpfr</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># cd mpfr-3.1.2</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># ./configure --with-gmp-include=/usr/local/include --with-gmp-lib=/usr/local/lib</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># make</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># make check</code>
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在每步操作中一定要看看有没有错误，本人编译时没有错误。</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># make install</code>
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安装MPC</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># cd mpc-1.0.1</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># ./configure</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># make</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># make check</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># make install</code>
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上边安装成功后，还要配置lib目录，因为gcc编译时需要</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/lib</code>
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这次就可以安装gcc了</p>
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创建gcc安装目录/usr/gcc482</p>
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解压gcc4.8.2并进入解压后的目录，打开命令终端，执行</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments">#</code>
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<code class="bash plain">.</code><code class="bash plain">/configure</code> <code class="bash plain">--prefix=</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/gcc482</code> <code class="bash plain">--</code><code class="bash functions">enable</code><code class="bash plain">-threads=posix --disable-checking --disable-multilib --</code><code class="bash functions">enable</code><code class="bash plain">-languages=c,c++</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># make</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># make install</code>
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<p>
现在gcc4.8.2安装完成了，但是gcc4.8.2的环境变量还没有设置，系统中使用的还是旧版的gcc。</p>
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刚刚我们把gcc4.8.2安装在/usr/gcc482下，如果不知道的话可以通过下边这步查找一下。</p>
<p>
确定新安装的GCC的路径,可以先updatedb,然后locate gcc-4.8 |tail找一下。</p>
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查看gcc4.8.2信息如下</p>
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<code class="bash functions">ls</code> <code class="bash plain">/usr/gcc482/bin</code> <code class="bash plain">| </code><code class="bash functions">grep</code> <code class="bash plain">gcc</code>
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设置使用新版的gcc4.8.2的方法，我现在有两种。</p>
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<strong>方法一：</strong></p>
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添加gcc4.8.2到可选项：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">update-alternatives --</code><code class="bash functions">install</code> <code class="bash plain">/usr/bin/gcc</code> <code class="bash plain">gcc </code><code class="bash plain">/usr/gcc482/bin/i686-pc-Linux-gnu-gcc</code> <code class="bash plain">40</code>
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倒数第三个参数是名字，倒数第二个参数为新GCC路径，最后一个参数40为优先级，设大一些之后就自动使用新版了</p>
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这是我从网上找到的方法，可我试了，但gcc --v时显示的还是旧版本update-alternatives --display gcc 又显示正确，试想gcc482我们是安装了，可它的执行路径和lib并没有在系统中设置，而gcc --v肯定会从执行路径中寻找，因此它显示的结果是旧版的gcc又很正常了，对于这种做法目前我也很疑惑，哪位知道失败原因的，希望各位大虾多多指教啊！</p>
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<strong>方法二：</strong></p>
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这种方法很简单，设置软链接即可</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># mkdir /usr/gcc447backup/ </code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># mv /usr/bin/{gcc,g++} /usr/gcc447backup</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># ln -s /usr/gcc482/bin/gcc /usr/bin/gcc</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># ln -s /usr/gcc482/bin/g++ /usr/bin/g++</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># gcc -v</code>
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<p>
使用内建 specs。</p>
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<code class="bash plain">COLLECT_GCC=gcc</code>
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<code class="bash plain">COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/gcc482/libexec/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4</code><code class="bash plain">.8.2</code><code class="bash plain">/lto-wrapper</code>
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目标：i686-pc-linux-gnu</p>
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配置为</p>
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<code class="bash plain">：.</code><code class="bash plain">/configure</code> <code class="bash plain">--prefix=</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/gcc482</code> <code class="bash plain">--</code><code class="bash functions">enable</code><code class="bash plain">-threads=posix --disable-checking</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">--disable-multilib --</code><code class="bash functions">enable</code><code class="bash plain">-languages=c,c++</code>
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<p>
线程模型：posix</p>
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gcc 版本 4.8.2 (GCC)</p>
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感谢阅读，希望能帮助到大家，谢谢大家对本站的支持！</p>
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原文链接：http://blog.csdn.net/windows_nt/article/details/21240843</p>
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