详解CentOS 6.4 添加永久静态路由所有方法汇总
<p>CentOS添加永久静态路由，具体如下：</p>
<p>
在使用双网卡，同时使用2个网关的时候就需要加一条静态路由了。当然还有很多时候会需要加路由。</p>
<p>
操作系统版本centos-6.4 64bit</p>
<p>
<span><strong>一：使用route 命令添加 </strong></span></p>
<p>
1、使用route 命令添加的路由，机器重启或者网卡重启后路由就失效了，方法：</p>
<div class="jb51code">
<div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighterbash" id="highlighter_939484">
<div class="toolbar">
<span>?</span>
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
<td class="gutter">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
1</div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
2</div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
3</div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
4</div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
5</div>
<div class="line number6 index5 alt1">
6</div>
<div class="line number7 index6 alt2">
7</div>
<div class="line number8 index7 alt1">
8</div>
<div class="line number9 index8 alt2">
9</div>
<div class="line number10 index9 alt1">
10</div>
<div class="line number11 index10 alt2">
11</div>
<div class="line number12 index11 alt1">
12</div>
<div class="line number13 index12 alt2">
13</div>
<div class="line number14 index13 alt1">
14</div>
<div class="line number15 index14 alt2">
15</div>
<div class="line number16 index15 alt1">
16</div>
<div class="line number17 index16 alt2">
17</div>
<div class="line number18 index17 alt1">
18</div>
<div class="line number19 index18 alt2">
19</div>
<div class="line number20 index19 alt1">
20</div>
<div class="line number21 index20 alt2">
21</div>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="container">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">//</code><code class="bash plain">添加到主机的路由</code>
</div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash comments"># route add –host 192.168.1.11 dev eth0</code>
</div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
<code class="bash comments"># route add –host 192.168.1.12 gw 192.168.1.1</code>
</div>
<div class="line number6 index5 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number7 index6 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">//</code><code class="bash plain">添加到网络的路由</code>
</div>
<div class="line number8 index7 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number9 index8 alt2">
<code class="bash comments"># route add –net 192.168.1.11 netmask 255.255.255.0 dev eth0</code>
</div>
<div class="line number10 index9 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number11 index10 alt2">
<code class="bash comments"># route add –net 192.168.1.11 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.1.1</code>
</div>
<div class="line number12 index11 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number13 index12 alt2">
<code class="bash comments"># route add –net 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth1</code>
</div>
<div class="line number14 index13 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number15 index14 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">//</code><code class="bash plain">添加默认网关</code>
</div>
<div class="line number16 index15 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number17 index16 alt2">
<code class="bash comments"># route add default gw 192.168.2.1</code>
</div>
<div class="line number18 index17 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number19 index18 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">//</code><code class="bash plain">删除路由</code>
</div>
<div class="line number20 index19 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number21 index20 alt2">
<code class="bash comments"># route del –host 192.168.1.11 dev eth0</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
2、还可以使用ip命令来添加、删除路由</p>
<div class="jb51code">
<div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighterbash" id="highlighter_730717">
<div class="toolbar">
<span>?</span>
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
<td class="gutter">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
1</div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
2</div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
3</div>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="container">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">ip route add default via 172.16.10.2 dev eth0</code>
</div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">ip route add 172.16.1.0</code><code class="bash plain">/24</code> <code class="bash plain">via 172.16.10.2 dev eth0</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
格式如下：</p>
<div class="jb51code">
<div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighterbash" id="highlighter_126293">
<div class="toolbar">
<span>?</span>
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
<td class="gutter">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
1</div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
2</div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
3</div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
4</div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
5</div>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="container">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">ip route</code>
</div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">default via gateway dev interface</code>
</div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">ip</code><code class="bash plain">/netmask</code> <code class="bash plain">via gateway dev interface</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
<span><strong>二：在Linux下设置永久路由的方法：</strong></span></p>
<p>
1.在/etc/rc.local里添加</p>
<p>
方法：</p>
<div class="jb51code">
<div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighterbash" id="highlighter_942514">
<div class="toolbar">
<span>?</span>
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
<td class="gutter">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
1</div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
2</div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
3</div>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="container">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">route add -net 192.168.3.0</code><code class="bash plain">/24</code> <code class="bash plain">dev eth0</code>
</div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">route add -net 192.168.2.0</code><code class="bash plain">/24</code> <code class="bash plain">gw 192.168.2.254</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
2.在/etc/sysconfig/network里添加到末尾</p>
<p>
方法：</p>
<div class="jb51code">
<div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighterbash" id="highlighter_576143">
<div class="toolbar">
<span>?</span>
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
<td class="gutter">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
1</div>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="container">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">GATEWAY=gw-ip</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
或者</p>
<div class="jb51code">
<div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighterbash" id="highlighter_740265">
<div class="toolbar">
<span>?</span>
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
<td class="gutter">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
1</div>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="container">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">GATEWAY=gw-dev</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
3./etc/sysconfig/static-routes :</p>
<div class="jb51code">
<div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighterbash" id="highlighter_269239">
<div class="toolbar">
<span>?</span>
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
<td class="gutter">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
1</div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
2</div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
3</div>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="container">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">any net 192.168.3.0</code><code class="bash plain">/24</code> <code class="bash plain">gw 192.168.3.254</code>
</div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">any net 10.250.228.128 netmask 255.255.255.192 gw 10.250.228.129</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
如果在rc.local中添加路由会造成NFS无法自动挂载问题，所以使用static-routes的方法是最好的。无论重启系统和service network restart 都会生效。</p>
<p>
<strong>解决NFS问题的描述：</strong></p>
<p>
按照linux启动的顺序，rc.local里面的内容是在linux所有服务都启动完毕，最后才被执行的，也就是说，这里面的内容是在netfs之后才被执行的，那也就是说在netfs启动的时候，服务器上的静态路由是没有被添加的，所以netfs挂载不能成功。</p>
<p>
4、在/etc/sysconfig/network-script/route-interface下添加路由(每个接口一个文件，如果没有就创建一个，只能添加针对该接口的路由)</p>
<p>
格式如下：</p>
<div class="jb51code">
<div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighterbash" id="highlighter_366726">
<div class="toolbar">
<span>?</span>
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
<td class="gutter">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
1</div>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="container">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">network</code><code class="bash plain">/prefix</code> <code class="bash plain">via gateway dev intf</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
例如给eth0添加一个默认网关:</p>
<div class="jb51code">
<div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighterbash" id="highlighter_231979">
<div class="toolbar">
<span>?</span>
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
<td class="gutter">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
1</div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
2</div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
3</div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
4</div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
5</div>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="container">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">vim </code><code class="bash plain">/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-eth0</code>
</div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
<code class="bash comments">#添加如下内容（可以省略dev eth0）</code>
</div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">0.0.0.0</code><code class="bash plain">/0</code> <code class="bash plain">via 172.16.10.2 dev eth0 </code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
ps：注意这里的掩码是0而不是32，因为这里是网段而不是路由。</p>
<p>
保存退出后，service network restart。</p>
<p>
使用route -n或netstat -r查看路由表。</p>
<div class="jb51code">
<div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighterbash" id="highlighter_125998">
<div class="toolbar">
<span>?</span>
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
<td class="gutter">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
1</div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
2</div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
3</div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
4</div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
5</div>
<div class="line number6 index5 alt1">
6</div>
<div class="line number7 index6 alt2">
7</div>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="container">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># route -n</code>
</div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">Kernel IP routing table</code>
</div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface</code>
</div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">172.16.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0</code>
</div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0</code>
</div>
<div class="line number6 index5 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1002 0 0 eth0</code>
</div>
<div class="line number7 index6 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">0.0.0.0 172.16.10.2 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
默认路由已经被添加到路由表里面了。 </p>
<p>
注意如果有两块网卡，需要设置默认路由才能访问internet。</p>
<p>
所有添加静态路由的方法在centos6.4上面均经过验证，正确无误。</p>
<p>
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。</p>
<p>
原文链接：http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_828e50020101ern5.html</p>
頁:
[1]