详解CentOS5.5 下搭建 PHP 环境（最佳的LAMP环境）
<p>本文详细阐述在 linux 系统中搭建 php 环境，由于 php 就是由 c 语言编写的，最初也是运行在 linux 系统中，所以linux 是 php 的最佳环境。</p>
<p>
关于本文中使用到的软件，请点击此链接下载。</p>
<p>
centos5.5现在官方已经不再提供，推荐大家使用centos6以上版本：</p>
<p>
本文中作者是以虚拟机（vmware）安装的 centos 5.5 进行试验。下面进行安装详解</p>
<p>
<strong>1、准备工作</strong></p>
<p>
一、请先确认你所安装的 linux 系统中是否已经安装了apache、mysql、php，如果安装请先卸载。</p>
<p>
查看是否安装（apache为例）</p>
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<code class="plain plain"># rpm -qa|grep httpd</code>
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注：rpm -qa 是查看本机中已经安装的所有软件。 grep httpd 是过滤出与 httpd(apache) 有关的软件。注：grep php 是查看 php；grep mysql 是查看 mysql</p>
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如果执行完命令后出现空，那么说明机器中没有安装 apache 软件，如果出现诸如下情况说明已经安装。</p>
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<img style="max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important;"title="详解CentOS5.5 下搭建 PHP 环境（最佳的LAMP环境）" alt="详解CentOS5.5 下搭建 PHP 环境（最佳的LAMP环境）" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/dd4e642dcd698a0a1f7151bc1043807b.jpg"></p>
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如果如上图所示的那样，那么就需要把这三个软件都卸载了。</p>
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卸载命令如下：</p>
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<code class="plain plain"># rpm -e httpd-2.2.3-43.el5.centos --nodeps</code>
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注：--nodeps 是强制卸载</p>
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<strong>二、请保证你的 linux 系统中安装了 gcc、g++ 编译器</strong></p>
<p>
检查是否安装很简单，在命令行中敲入“gc”或“g+”，按 tab 键，看下面是否有命令显示。</p>
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如果没有也没关系，安装 gcc、g++ 的方法十分简单</p>
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安装gcc：</p>
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<code class="plain plain">yum -y install gcc</code>
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安装g++：</p>
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<code class="plain plain">yum install gcc-c++</code>
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<strong>三、将所有的软件（大部分都是 tar 包）包拷贝到 /tmp/lamp 底下，并解压</strong></p>
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解压 tar.gz 命令（php软件为例）：tar zxvf php-5.2.6.tar.gz </p>
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当执行完此命令后，会在当前目录下创建一个 php-5.2.6 的文件夹，解压的所有文件会放置在 php-5.2.6 文件夹中</p>
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请按照同样的方法将所有的包都解压，并且删除所有的 *.tar.gz 文件</p>
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<code class="plain plain"># rm -rf *.gz </code>
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以上命令删除所有的 .gz 文件</p>
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<strong>四、编译安装软件包介绍</strong></p>
<p>
在 linux 系统安装每个源代码软件包的过程如下：<br>
△ 配置（configure）<br>
△ 编译（make）<br>
△ 安装（make install）</p>
<p>
2、搭建 lamp 环境（请按照下面给出的顺序进行安装）</p>
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这里所有的软件都安装在 /usr/local 下<br><strong>一、安装libxml</strong></p>
<p>
安装顺序：1、进入 libxml 目录；2、配置参数（包括安装路径；依赖软件；安装功能等）；3、编译；4、安装。注：所有软件包安装类似</p>
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<code class="plain plain"># cd libxml2-2.6.30/ </code>
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<code class="plain plain"># ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libxml2 </code>
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./configure 为软件包配置参数命令，--prefix 表示指定的安装目录，大部分目录若不在会自动创建，个别不会，需要我们手动创建</p>
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<code class="plain plain"># make && make install </code>
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以上命令是将编译和安装在一起执行，由于软件小，安装速度比较快，若大的软件，可能会花比较长的时间。</p>
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<strong>二、安装libmcrypt</strong></p>
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<code class="plain plain"># cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/ </code>
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<code class="plain plain"># ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libmcrypt </code>
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<code class="plain plain"># make && make install</code>
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<strong>三、安装zlib</strong></p>
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<code class="plain plain"># cd zlib-1.2.3/ </code>
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<code class="plain plain"># ./configure </code>
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<code class="plain plain"># make && make install</code>
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./configure 后面不要跟 --prefix 参数，让其安装在默认目录中，因为安装 libpng 的时候会用到 zlib。<br><strong>四、安装libpng</strong></p>
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<code class="plain plain"># cd libpng-1.2.31/ </code>
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<code class="plain plain"># ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libpng </code>
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<code class="plain plain"># make && make install </code>
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<strong>五、安装jpeg6</strong></p>
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这个软件配置的时候不会自动创建目录，需要我们手动创建</p>
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<code class="plain plain"># mkdir /usr/local/jpeg6 </code>
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<code class="plain plain"># mkdir /usr/local/jpeg6/bin </code>
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<code class="plain plain"># mkdir /usr/local/jpeg6/lib </code>
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<code class="plain plain"># mkdir /usr/local/jpeg6/include </code>
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<code class="plain plain"># mkdir -p /usr/local/jpeg6/man/man1</code>
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生成目录完毕！</p>
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<code class="plain plain"># cd jpeg-6b/ </code>
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<code class="plain plain"># ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/jpeg6/ --enable-shared --enable-static </code>
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<code class="plain plain"># make && make install </code>
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./configure 中参数说明：<br>
--enable-shared 建立共享库使用的gnu的libtool<br>
--enable-static 建立静态库使用的gnu的libtool</p>
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<strong>六、安装freetype</strong></p>
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<code class="plain plain"># cd freetype-2.3.5/ </code>
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<code class="plain plain"># ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/freetype </code>
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<code class="plain plain"># make && make install </code>
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<strong>七、安装autoconf</strong></p>
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<code class="plain plain"># cd autoconf-2.61/ </code>
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<code class="plain plain"># ./configure </code>
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<code class="plain plain"># make && make install</code>
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这个软件直接安装在默认目录下。</p>
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<strong>八、安装gd</strong></p>
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<code class="plain plain"># cd gd-2.0.35/ </code>
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<code class="plain plain"># ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/gd2 --with-jpeg=/usr/local/jpeg6/ --with-png=/usr/local/libpng/ --with-freetype=/usr/local/freetype/ </code>
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<code class="plain plain"># make && make install</code>
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./configure 中参数说明：<br>
--with-jpeg=/usr/local/jpeg6/ 指定到哪去找jpeg库文件的位置<br>
--with-png=/usr/local/libpng/ 指定到哪去找png库文件的位置<br>
--with-freetype=/usr/local/freetype/ 指定到哪去找freetype 2.x字体库的位置</p>
<p>
注意 安装此软件包可能会出现以下错误，如下图所示：</p>
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<img style="max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important;"title="详解CentOS5.5 下搭建 PHP 环境（最佳的LAMP环境）" alt="详解CentOS5.5 下搭建 PHP 环境（最佳的LAMP环境）" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/7847300554015e3e1df5ed549c2b63b1.jpg"></p>
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如果出现如此错误，解决方法：</p>
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<code class="plain plain"># vi gd_png.c </code>
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找到关键词"png.h" 命令：/png.h 回车</p>
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替换为：/usr/local/libpng/include/png.h</p>
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效果如下图所示：</p>
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<img style="max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important;"title="详解CentOS5.5 下搭建 PHP 环境（最佳的LAMP环境）" alt="详解CentOS5.5 下搭建 PHP 环境（最佳的LAMP环境）" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/f4ab827d765aa81d0b7eb9b6518a6560.jpg"></p>
<p>
保存退出，继续执行"make && make install" 执行即可安装成功。</p>
<p>
<strong>九、安装apache（关键）</strong></p>
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<code class="plain plain"># cd httpd-2.2.9/ </code>
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<code class="plain plain"># ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2 --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd --with-included-apr --enable-so --enable-deflate=shared --enable-expires=shared --enable-rewrite=shared --enable-static-support </code>
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<code class="plain plain"># make && make install</code>
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<strong>./configure 中的参数说明：</strong><br>
--sysconfdir=/etc/httpd 指定apache服务器的配置文件(httpd.conf等文件)存放位置<br>
--with-included-apr 使用捆绑apr/apr-util的副本<br>
--enable-so 以动态共享对象(dso)编译<br>
--enable-deflate=shared 缩小传输编码的支持<br>
--enable-expires=shared 期满头控制<br>
--enable-rewrite=shared 基于规则的url操控<br>
--enable-static-support 建立一个静态链接版本的支持</p>
<p>
<strong>测试 apache 服务器</strong></p>
<p>
1、检查 /usr/local/ 下是否出现 apache2 目录；</p>
<p>
2、检查 /etc/ 目录下面是否出现 httpd 目录，即里面是否有 httpd.conf 文件、extra目录等内容</p>
<p>
3、开启 apache 服务器</p>
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<code class="plain plain"># /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start</code>
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stop（关闭）、restart（重启）</p>
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4、查看 apache 服务器是否启动，即查看 80 端口是否启动</p>
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<code class="plain plain"># netstat -tnl|grep 80</code>
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执行完命令，出现如下所示，表示已经启动<br>
tcp 0 0 :::80 :::* listen</p>
<p>
<strong>5、在浏览器中访问</strong><br>
如果在本机的话，请在浏览器地址栏中输入：http://localhost 或 http://127.0.0.1<br>
如果是远程连接的话，比如：SSH连接，那么请在浏览器地址栏中输入 Linux 的 ip 地址。比如：http://192.168.1.233</p>
<p>
若网页中出现大字“<br><strong>it works!</strong><br>
”说明 apache 安装成功。<br>
测试完毕！</p>
<p>
添加 apache 每次开机自动启动</p>
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<code class="plain plain"># echo "/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start" >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local</code>
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<p>
<strong>十、安装mysql（重要）</strong></p>
<p>
安装 mysql 之前先建立一个专门管理 mysql 的组和用户名</p>
<p>
建立一个组名叫“mysql”</p>
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<code class="plain plain"># groupadd mysql</code>
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建立一个用户名叫“mysql”，让他属于“mysql”组</p>
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<code class="plain plain"># useradd -g mysql mysql</code>
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<code class="plain plain"># cd mysql-5.0.41/ </code>
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<code class="plain plain"># ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --with-extra-charsets=all </code>
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<code class="plain plain"># make && make install</code>
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./configure 参数说明：<br>
--with-extra-charsets=all 安装mysql 所有的字符集<br>
注意 在 ./configure 的时候如果出现如下错误</p>
<p>
<img style="max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important;"title="详解CentOS5.5 下搭建 PHP 环境（最佳的LAMP环境）" alt="详解CentOS5.5 下搭建 PHP 环境（最佳的LAMP环境）" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/839df4c8243bc4e2a5e10dce8d9ace37.jpg"></p>
<p>
原因：缺少ncurses安装包。</p>
<p>
解决方法：下载安装相应软件包</p>
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<code class="plain plain">yum list|grep ncurses </code>
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<code class="plain plain">yum -y install ncurses-devel </code>
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ncurses安装完成之后，再进行 ./configure 配置！</p>
<p>
mysql安装完成之后，设置一些内容，这些内容非常繁琐，但是又非常关键的，希望大家耐心学习。</p>
<p>
1、设置配置文件 my.cnf，放在 /etc/ 目录下</p>
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<code class="plain plain"># cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf</code>
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2、初始化数据库文件，安装完 mysql 之后，并不会出现 mysql 的数据文件及数据存放位置</p>
<p>
首先切换到 mysql 的安装目录下</p>
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<code class="plain plain"># cd /usr/local/mysql/</code>
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使用 bin 目录下的 mysql_install_db 进行初始化数据库文件，并使用上面建的 mysql 用户</p>
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<code class="plain plain"># bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql</code>
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运行完之后，会发现 mysql 安装目录中会多一个 var 目录，里面放置的就是数据库文件，包括我们已经建的数据库都会放置在这个目录里面。</p>
<p>
3、设置 mysql 安装目录权限</p>
<p>
改变目录下的所有文件和目录的拥有者为 root</p>
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<code class="plain plain"># chown -r root . </code>
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改变 var 目录的拥有者为 mysql 用户</p>
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<code class="plain plain"># chown -r mysql ./var/</code>
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<p>
改变所有目录和文件的用户组为 mysql 组</p>
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<code class="plain plain"># chgrp -r mysql . </code>
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4、启动 mysql</p>
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<code class="plain plain"># /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &</code>
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& 表示在后台启动<br>
这时，使用 netstat -tnl，如果看见 3306 端口，那么说明启动成功<br>
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* listen</p>
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5、设置权限，如果我们现在直接使用 bin 目录下的 mysql 命令，那么就能登录</p>
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<code class="plain plain"># bin/mysql</code>
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这样就太危险了！因此需要设置权限。</p>
<p>
先登录进 mysql 中，使用 sql 命令删除主机不是“localhost” 的用户名（mysql 中的用户都mysql库中的user表），只留允许本机登录的账号。</p>
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<code class="sql plain">mysql> </code><code class="sql keyword">delete</code> <code class="sql keyword">from</code> <code class="sql plain">mysql.</code><code class="sql color2">user</code> <code class="sql keyword">where</code> <code class="sql plain">host != </code><code class="sql string">'localhost'</code><code class="sql plain">;</code>
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<p>
刷新授权表</p>
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<code class="sql plain">mysql> flush </code><code class="sql keyword">privileges</code><code class="sql plain">;</code>
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<p>
设置允许本机进入 mysql 的 root 用户的密码</p>
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<code class="sql plain">mysql> </code><code class="sql keyword">set</code> <code class="sql keyword">password</code> <code class="sql keyword">for</code> <code class="sql string">'root'</code><code class="sql plain">@</code><code class="sql string">'localhost'</code><code class="sql plain">=</code><code class="sql keyword">password</code><code class="sql plain">(</code><code class="sql string">'123456'</code><code class="sql plain">);</code>
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注：设置的密码必须记住，不然就进不去 mysql 数据库了。</p>
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到这步的时候，我们的 root 用户，就已经设置了密码（密码为“123456”），我们可以测试一下，键入“exit”退出mysql</p>
<p>
这时登录 mysql 数据库的命令不能是 bin/mysql 那么简单，应该如下：</p>
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<code class="plain plain"># bin/mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -u root -p123456 </code>
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-h 指定主机名<br>
-u 用户名<br>
-p 密码</p>
<p>
6、关闭 mysql 数据库服务器</p>
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<code class="plain plain"># bin/mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown</code>
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这里的是 root 用户是 mysql 中的用户，执行后会提示你输入密码，enter password:</p>
<p>
输入密码，回车即可关闭数据库。</p>
<p>
启动命令，请看本节4</p>
<p>
7、加入到开机默认启动</p>
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<code class="plain plain"># echo "/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &" >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local</code>
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<p>
<strong>十一、安装php（重要）</strong></p>
<p>
这里我们安装 php 的高版本 php-5.3.19，安装参数比较多，请一定注意。</p>
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<code class="plain plain"># cd php-5.3.19/ </code>
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<code class="plain plain"># ./configure \ </code>
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<code class="plain plain">> --prefix=/usr/local/php \ </code>
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<code class="plain plain">> --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc \ </code>
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<code class="plain plain">> --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs \ </code>
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<code class="plain plain">> --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql/ \ </code>
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<code class="plain plain">> --with-libxml-dir=/usr/local/libxml2/ \ </code>
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<code class="plain plain">> --with-png-dir=/usr/local/libpng/ \ </code>
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<code class="plain plain">> --with-jpeg-dir=/usr/local/jpeg6/ \ </code>
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<code class="plain plain">> --with-freetype-dir=/usr/local/freetype/ \ </code>
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<code class="plain plain">> --with-gd=/usr/local/gd2/ \ </code>
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<code class="plain plain">> --with-mcrypt=/usr/local/libmcrypt/ \ </code>
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<code class="plain plain">> --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config \ </code>
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<code class="plain plain">> --enable-soap \ </code>
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<code class="plain plain">> --enable-mbstring=all \ </code>
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<code class="plain plain">> --enable-sockets</code>
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<p>
./configure 参数说明：<br>
--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc 指定php5配置文件存入的路径<br>
--with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs 告诉php查找apache 2的地方<br>
--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql/ 指定mysql的安装目录<br>
--with-libxml-dir=/usr/local/libxml2/ 告诉php放置libxml2库的地方<br>
--with-png-dir=/usr/local/libpng/ 告诉php放置libpng库的地方<br>
--with-jpeg-dir=/usr/local/jpeg6/ 告诉php放置jpeg库的地方<br>
--with-freetype-dir=/usr/local/freetype/ 告诉php放置freetype库的地方<br>
--with-gd=/usr/local/gd2/ 告诉php放置gd库的地方<br>
--with-mcrypt=/usr/local/libmcrypt/ 告诉php放置libmcrypt库的地方<br>
--with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config 变量激活新增加的mysqli功能<br>
--enable-soap 变量激活soap和web services支持<br>
--enable-mbstring=all 使多字节字符串支持<br>
--enable-sockets 变量激活socket通讯特性</p>
<p>
编译可能出现的问题：</p>
<p>
出现如下报错：</p>
<p>
<img style="max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important;"title="详解CentOS5.5 下搭建 PHP 环境（最佳的LAMP环境）" alt="详解CentOS5.5 下搭建 PHP 环境（最佳的LAMP环境）" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/f4eac9c4c86279ef198b48916fa89414.jpg"></p>
<p>
解决方法：</p>
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<code class="plain plain">cd /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql/ </code>
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<code class="plain plain">ln -s libmysqlclient.so.15.0.0 libmysqlclient_r.so </code>
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编译ok后，出现“thank you for using php.”，说明配置成功。</p>
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<code class="plain plain"># make && make install</code>
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编译和安装，时间会比较长，耐心等待吧！</p>
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编译完成后，需要以下配置</p>
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1、设置 php.ini 配置文件</p>
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<code class="plain plain"># cp php.ini-development /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini</code>
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注：/usr/local/php/etc 是在配置的时候指定的位置<br>
2、和 apache 整合</p>
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先打开 apache 的配置文件 httpd.conf</p>
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<code class="plain plain"># vi /etc/httpd/httpd.conf </code>
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会发现文件中有这么条内容</p>
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<code class="plain plain">loadmodule php5_module modules/libphp5.so</code>
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这就说明 php 已经加载到 apache 服务器中了，我们所要做的是告诉 apache 服务器，哪些后缀名使用 php 解析</p>
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在 vi 编辑器中搜索“addtype application/x-compress .z”</p>
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在后面添加一条：addtype application/x-httpd-php .php<br>
修改后的效果如下图</p>
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<img style="max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important;"title="详解CentOS5.5 下搭建 PHP 环境（最佳的LAMP环境）" alt="详解CentOS5.5 下搭建 PHP 环境（最佳的LAMP环境）" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/f8650e4ddaf23f4de2fef44361da664a.jpg"></p>
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保存并退出，重启 apache</p>
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<code class="plain plain"># /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl stop </code>
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<code class="plain plain"># /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start</code>
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3、测试 apache 服务器是否可以解析 php</p>
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往 /usr/local/apache2/htdocs 目录下添加一个phpinfo.php 文件，键入以下代码：</p>
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<code class="php plain"><?php </code>
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<code class="php plain">header(</code><code class="php string">"content-type:text/html;charset=utf-8"</code><code class="php plain">); </code>
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<code class="php plain">phpinfo(); </code>
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<code class="php plain">?></code>
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打开浏览器，访问该文件，看到如下图所示，说明 php 安装成功，并且和 apache 服务器整合成功。</p>
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<img style="max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important;"title="详解CentOS5.5 下搭建 PHP 环境（最佳的LAMP环境）" alt="详解CentOS5.5 下搭建 PHP 环境（最佳的LAMP环境）" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/730006481c6ba0a71be87aeabbad7e9c.jpg"></p>
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到此，centos 下的 lamp 环境就搭建完毕了，虽然步骤繁琐，但是“工欲善其事，必先利其器”，花些时间，搭建一个完美的环境是值得的。</p>
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