Linux学习之CentOS(十三)--CentOS6.4下Mysql数据库的安装与配置的详细方法
<p>如果要在linux上做j2ee开发，首先得搭建好j2ee的开发环境，包括了jdk、tomcat、eclipse的安装，如果要开发web项目，我们当然可以安装一个myeclipse到linux系统上去，这个安装方法和安装eclipse完全相同，就没有记录下来了，有了jdk、tomcat、eclipse我们就已经能进行我们的程序开发了，但是如果要做一个项目，哪怕是小的不能再小的项目都离不开数据的存储呀！！！没错，咱们还差一个最重要的软件没有装，也就是数据库！！！如果没有了数据库，咱们做项目简直是空想，所以呢，对于数据库安装这块，专门为安装mysql数据库写了这篇随笔。。。。。。</p>
<p>
<strong>一、mysql简介</strong></p>
<p>
说到数据库，我们大多想到的是关系型数据库，比如mysql、oracle、sqlserver等等，这些数据库软件在windows上安装都非常的方便，在linux上如果要安装数据库，咱不得不首先推荐的是mysql数据库了，而且mysql数据库的第一个版本就是发行在linux系统上的。</p>
<p>
mysql是一个关系型数据库管理系统，由瑞典mysql ab公司开发，目前属于oracle公司。mysql是一种关联数据库管理系统，关联数据库将数据保存在不同的表中，而不是将所有数据放在一个大仓库内，这样就增加了速度并提高了灵活性。mysql的sql语言是用于访问数据库的最常用标准化语言。mysql软件采用了双授权政策（本词条“授权政策”），它分为社区版和商业版，由于其体积小、速度快、总体拥有成本低，尤其是开放源码这一特点，一般中小型网站的开发都选择mysql作为网站数据库。由于其社区版的性能卓越，搭配php和apache可组成良好的开发环境。</p>
<p>
在linux上安装mysql数据库，大家可以根据自己的操作系统去下载对应的数据库文件。</p>
<p>
mysql5.0版本下载地址集合：</p>
<p>
在这里我是通过yum来进行mysql数据库的安装的，通过这种方式进行安装，可以将跟mysql相关的一些服务、jar包都给我们安装好，所以省去了很多不必要的麻烦！！！</p>
<p>
<strong>二、卸载掉原有mysql</strong></p>
<p>
因为mysql数据库在linux上实在是太流行了，所以目前下载的主流linux系统版本基本上都集成了mysql数据库在里面，我们可以通过如下命令来查看我们的操作系统上是否已经安装了mysql数据库</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># rpm -qa | grep mysql // 这个命令就会查看该操作系统上是否已经安装了mysql数据库</code>
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有的话，我们就通过 rpm -e 命令 或者 rpm -e --nodeps 命令来卸载掉</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># rpm -e mysql // 普通删除模式</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># rpm -e --nodeps mysql // 强力删除模式，如果使用上面命令删除时，提示有依赖的其它文件，则用该命令可以对其进行强力删除</code>
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在删除完以后我们可以通过 rpm -qa | grep mysql 命令来查看mysql是否已经卸载成功！！</p>
<p>
<strong>三、通过yum来进行mysql的安装</strong></p>
<p>
我是通过yum的方式来进行mysql的数据库安装，首先我们可以输入 yum list | grep mysql 命令来查看yum上提供的mysql数据库可下载的版本：</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># yum list | grep mysql</code>
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就可以得到yum服务器上mysql数据库的可下载版本信息：<img style="max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important;"title="Linux学习之CentOS(十三)--CentOS6.4下Mysql数据库的安装与配置的详细方法" alt="Linux学习之CentOS(十三)--CentOS6.4下Mysql数据库的安装与配置的详细方法" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/19bef72e1df00ffeb756a639f3962dec.jpg"></p>
<p>
然后我们可以通过输入 yum install -y mysql-server mysql mysql-devel 命令将mysql mysql-server mysql-devel都安装好(注意:安装mysql时我们并不是安装了mysql客户端就相当于安装好了mysql数据库了，我们还需要安装mysql-server服务端才行) </p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># yum install -y mysql-server mysql mysql-deve</code>
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在等待了一番时间后，yum会帮我们选择好安装mysql数据库所需要的软件以及其它附属的一些软件<img style="max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important;"title="Linux学习之CentOS(十三)--CentOS6.4下Mysql数据库的安装与配置的详细方法" alt="Linux学习之CentOS(十三)--CentOS6.4下Mysql数据库的安装与配置的详细方法" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/598895c80281fc790c146badc0e60b54.jpg"></p>
<p>
我们发现，通过yum方式安装mysql数据库省去了很多没必要的麻烦，当出现下面的结果时，就代表mysql数据库安装成功了<img style="max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important;"title="Linux学习之CentOS(十三)--CentOS6.4下Mysql数据库的安装与配置的详细方法" alt="Linux学习之CentOS(十三)--CentOS6.4下Mysql数据库的安装与配置的详细方法" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/09c7dfb7cf6cff5725998322b12d7348.jpg"><br>
此时我们可以通过如下命令，查看刚安装好的mysql-server的版本</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># rpm -qi mysql-server</code>
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我们安装的mysql-server并不是最新版本，如果你想尝试最新版本，那就去mysql官网下载rpm包安装就行了，至此我们的mysql数据库已经安装完成了。</p>
<p>
<strong>四、mysql数据库的初始化及相关配置</strong></p>
<p>
我们在安装完mysql数据库以后，会发现会多出一个mysqld的服务，这个就是咱们的数据库服务，我们通过输入 service mysqld start 命令就可以启动我们的mysql服务。</p>
<p>
注意：如果我们是第一次启动mysql服务，mysql服务器首先会进行初始化的配置，如：</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># service mysqld start</code>
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<code class="bash plain">初始化 mysql 数据库： warning: the host </code><code class="bash string">'xiaoluo'</code> <code class="bash plain">could not be looked up with resolveip.</code>
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<code class="bash plain">this probably means that your libc libraries are not 100 % compatible</code>
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<code class="bash plain">with this binary mysql version. the mysql daemon, mysqld, should work</code>
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<code class="bash plain">normally with the exception that host name resolving will not work.</code>
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<code class="bash plain">this means that you should use ip addresses instead of hostnames</code>
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<code class="bash plain">when specifying mysql privileges !</code>
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<code class="bash plain">installing mysql system tables...</code>
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<code class="bash plain">ok</code>
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<code class="bash plain">filling help tables...</code>
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<code class="bash plain">ok</code>
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<code class="bash plain">to start mysqld at boot </code><code class="bash functions">time</code> <code class="bash plain">you have to copy</code>
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<code class="bash plain">support-files</code><code class="bash plain">/mysql</code><code class="bash plain">.server to the right place </code><code class="bash keyword">for</code> <code class="bash plain">your system</code>
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<code class="bash plain">please remember to </code><code class="bash functions">set</code> <code class="bash plain">a password </code><code class="bash keyword">for</code> <code class="bash plain">the mysql root user !</code>
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<code class="bash plain">to </code><code class="bash keyword">do</code> <code class="bash plain">so, start the server, </code><code class="bash keyword">then</code> <code class="bash plain">issue the following commands:</code>
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<code class="bash plain">/usr/bin/mysqladmin</code> <code class="bash plain">-u root password </code><code class="bash string">'new-password'</code>
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<code class="bash plain">/usr/bin/mysqladmin</code> <code class="bash plain">-u root -h xiaoluo password </code><code class="bash string">'new-password'</code>
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<code class="bash plain">alternatively you can run:</code>
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<code class="bash plain">/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation</code>
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<code class="bash functions">which</code> <code class="bash plain">will also give you the option of removing the </code><code class="bash functions">test</code>
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<code class="bash plain">databases and anonymous user created by default. this is</code>
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<code class="bash plain">strongly recommended </code><code class="bash keyword">for</code> <code class="bash plain">production servers.</code>
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<code class="bash plain">see the manual </code><code class="bash keyword">for</code> <code class="bash functions">more</code> <code class="bash plain">instructions.</code>
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<code class="bash plain">you can start the mysql daemon with:</code>
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<code class="bash functions">cd</code> <code class="bash plain">/usr</code> <code class="bash plain">; </code><code class="bash plain">/usr/bin/mysqld_safe</code> <code class="bash plain">&</code>
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<code class="bash plain">you can </code><code class="bash functions">test</code> <code class="bash plain">the mysql daemon with mysql-</code><code class="bash functions">test</code><code class="bash plain">-run.pl</code>
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<code class="bash functions">cd</code> <code class="bash plain">/usr/mysql-test</code> <code class="bash plain">; perl mysql-</code><code class="bash functions">test</code><code class="bash plain">-run.pl</code>
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<code class="bash plain">please report any problems with the </code><code class="bash plain">/usr/bin/mysqlbug</code> <code class="bash plain">script!</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">[确定]</code>
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<code class="bash plain">正在启动 mysqld： [确定]</code>
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这时我们会看到第一次启动mysql服务器以后会提示非常多的信息，目的就是对mysql数据库进行初始化操作，当我们再次重新启动mysql服务时，就不会提示这么多信息了，如：</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># service mysqld restart</code>
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<code class="bash plain">停止 mysqld： [确定]</code>
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<code class="bash plain">正在启动 mysqld： [确定]</code>
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我们在使用mysql数据库时，都得首先启动mysqld服务，我们可以 通过 chkconfig --list | grep mysqld 命令来查看mysql服务是不是开机自动启动，如：</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># chkconfig --list | grep mysqld</code>
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<code class="bash plain">mysqld 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:关闭 3:关闭 4:关闭 5:关闭 6:关闭</code>
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我们发现mysqld服务并没有开机自动启动，我们当然可以通过 chkconfig mysqld on 命令来将其设置成开机启动，这样就不用每次都去手动启动了</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># chkconfig mysqld on</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># chkconfig --list | grep mysql</code>
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<code class="bash plain">mysqld 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:启用 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭</code>
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mysql数据库安装完以后只会有一个root管理员账号，但是此时的root账号还并没有为其设置密码，在第一次启动mysql服务时，会进行数据库的一些初始化工作，在输出的一大串信息中，我们看到有这样一行信息 ：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">/usr/bin/mysqladmin</code> <code class="bash plain">-u root password </code><code class="bash string">'new-password'</code><code class="bash plain"> </code><code class="bash plain">//</code> <code class="bash plain">为root账号设置密码</code>
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所以我们可以通过 该命令来给我们的root账号设置密码(注意：这个root账号是mysql的root账号，非linux的root账号)</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># mysqladmin -u root password 'root' // 通过该命令给root账号设置密码为 root</code>
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此时我们就可以通过 mysql -u root -p 命令来登录我们的mysql数据库了<img style="max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important;"title="Linux学习之CentOS(十三)--CentOS6.4下Mysql数据库的安装与配置的详细方法" alt="Linux学习之CentOS(十三)--CentOS6.4下Mysql数据库的安装与配置的详细方法" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/e00723b9d501fbae5ca6ad4441f855b2.jpg"></p>
<p>
<strong> 五、mysql数据库的主要配置文件</strong></p>
<p>
1./etc/my.cnf 这是mysql的主配置文件</p>
<p>
我们可以查看一下这个文件的一些信息</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># ls my.cnf </code>
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<code class="bash plain">my.cnf</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># cat my.cnf </code>
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<code class="bash plain">datadir=</code><code class="bash plain">/var/lib/mysql</code>
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<code class="bash plain">socket=</code><code class="bash plain">/var/lib/mysql/mysql</code><code class="bash plain">.sock</code>
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<code class="bash plain">user=mysql</code>
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<code class="bash comments"># disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks</code>
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<code class="bash plain">symbolic-links=0</code>
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<code class="bash plain">log-error=</code><code class="bash plain">/var/log/mysqld</code><code class="bash plain">.log</code>
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<code class="bash plain">pid-</code><code class="bash functions">file</code><code class="bash plain">=</code><code class="bash plain">/var/run/mysqld/mysqld</code><code class="bash plain">.pid</code>
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2./var/lib/mysql mysql数据库的数据库文件存放位置</p>
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我们的mysql数据库的数据库文件通常是存放在了/ver/lib/mysql这个目录下</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># cd /var/lib/mysql/</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># ls -l</code>
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<code class="bash plain">总用量 20488</code>
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<code class="bash plain">-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 10485760 4月 6 22:01 ibdata1</code>
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<code class="bash plain">-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 5242880 4月 6 22:01 ib_logfile0</code>
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<code class="bash plain">-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 5242880 4月 6 21:59 ib_logfile1</code>
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<code class="bash plain">drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 4月 6 21:59 mysql </code><code class="bash plain">//</code> <code class="bash plain">这两个是mysql数据库安装时默认的两个数据库文件</code>
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<code class="bash plain">srwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql 0 4月 6 22:01 mysql.sock</code>
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<code class="bash plain">drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 4月 6 21:59 </code><code class="bash functions">test</code><code class="bash plain"> </code><code class="bash plain">//</code> <code class="bash plain">这两个是mysql数据库安装时默认的两个数据库文件</code>
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我们可以自己创建一个数据库，来验证一下该数据库文件的存放位置</p>
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<code class="bash plain">创建一个我们自己的数据库：</code>
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<code class="bash plain">mysql> create database xiaoluo;</code>
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<code class="bash plain">query ok, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)</code>
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<code class="bash plain">总用量 20492</code>
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<code class="bash plain">-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 10485760 4月 6 22:01 ibdata1</code>
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<code class="bash plain">-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 5242880 4月 6 22:01 ib_logfile0</code>
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<code class="bash plain">-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 5242880 4月 6 21:59 ib_logfile1</code>
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<code class="bash plain">drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 4月 6 21:59 mysql</code>
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<code class="bash plain">srwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql 0 4月 6 22:01 mysql.sock</code>
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<code class="bash plain">drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 4月 6 21:59 </code><code class="bash functions">test</code>
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<code class="bash plain">drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 4月 6 22:15 xiaoluo </code><code class="bash plain">//</code> <code class="bash plain">这个就是我们刚自己创建的xiaoluo数据库</code>
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<code class="bash plain">db.opt</code>
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3./var/log mysql数据库的日志输出存放位置</p>
<p>
我们的mysql数据库的一些日志输出存放位置都是在/var/log这个目录下</p>
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<code class="bash plain">amanda </code><code class="bash functions">cron</code> <code class="bash plain">maillog-20130331 spice-vdagent.log</code>
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<code class="bash plain">anaconda.log cups messages spooler-20130331</code>
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<code class="bash plain">anaconda.program.log dirsrv messages-20130331 sssd</code>
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<code class="bash plain">anaconda.storage.log dmesg mysqld.log tallylog</code>
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<code class="bash plain">anaconda.syslog dmesg.old ntpstats tomcat6</code>
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<code class="bash plain">anaconda.xlog dracut.log piranha wpa_supplicant.log</code>
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<code class="bash plain">anaconda.yum.log gdm pm-powersave.log wtmp</code>
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<code class="bash plain">audit httpd ppp xorg.0.log</code>
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<code class="bash plain">boot.log ibacm.log prelink xorg.0.log.old</code>
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<code class="bash plain">btmp lastlog sa xorg.1.log</code>
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<code class="bash plain">btmp-20130401 libvirt samba xorg.2.log</code>
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<code class="bash plain">cluster luci secure xorg.9.log</code>
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<code class="bash plain">consolekit maillog secure-20130331 yum.log</code>
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其中mysqld.log 这个文件就是我们存放我们跟mysql数据库进行操作而产生的一些日志信息，通过查看该日志文件，我们可以从中获得很多信息</p>
<p>
因为我们的mysql数据库是可以通过网络访问的，并不是一个单机版数据库，其中使用的协议是 tcp/ip 协议，我们都知道mysql数据库绑定的端口号是 3306 ，所以我们可以通过 netstat -anp 命令来查看一下，linux系统是否在监听 3306 这个端口号：<img style="max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important;"title="Linux学习之CentOS(十三)--CentOS6.4下Mysql数据库的安装与配置的详细方法" alt="Linux学习之CentOS(十三)--CentOS6.4下Mysql数据库的安装与配置的详细方法" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/e12282c475841f01d0466cff5813425b.jpg"><br>
结果如上所示，linux系统监听的3306端口号就是我们的mysql数据库！！！！</p>
<p>
本篇随笔详细记录了在centos6.4下通过yum安装mysql数据库以及对数据库进行基本配置，在后续的linux学习中将会坚持记录自己的心得以及体会！！！！</p>
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