Linux+php+apache+oracle环境搭建之CentOS下安装Oracle数据库
<p>这里推荐使用OTK脚本安装Oracle，会大大提高安装Oracle的成功系数。</p>
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<code class="plain plain">Description</code>
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<code class="plain plain">oraToolKit is the Swiss Army Knife for Oracle. Standards and well designed tools help DBA's mastering Oracle 10g / 11g throughout the whole lifecycle. OTK runs on Linux, zLinux, Solaris, AIX, HP-UX and other UNIX based systems.</code>
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<code class="plain plain">来自 <http://sourceforge.net/projects/oratoolkit/?source=navbar> </code>
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<strong>一，安装Oracle约束</strong><br>
1、内存要求</p>
<p>
最小内存1G，推荐2G或2G以上</p>
<p>
2、swap大小设定</p>
<p>
1GB跟2GB物理内存之间的，设定swap大小为物理内存的1.5倍</p>
<p>
2GB跟16GB物理内存之间的，设置swap大小与物理内存相等</p>
<p>
16GB物理内存以上的，设置swap大小为16GB</p>
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3、共享内存/dev/shm要求</p>
<p>
至少比在每个oracle实例中的MEMORY_MAX_TARGET和MEMORY_TARGET要大。</p>
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4、/tmp空间大小要求</p>
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至少1GB空间</p>
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5、硬盘大小要求</p>
<p>
存放oracle软件文件和数据文件的空间至少10GB</p>
<p>
6、操作系统</p>
<p>
CentOS 6.5 64bit<br>
- Basic Server</p>
<p>
<strong>二，安装步骤</strong><br>
1. 安装Oracle需要的文件：</p>
<p>
linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip<br>
linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip<br>
oratoolkit-1.0.2.1.5-1.noarch.rpm<br>
下载这三个文件，放在/media/oracle目录下。</p>
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2. 安装OTK</p>
<p>
root用户登录</p>
<p>
把oratoolkit-1.0.2.1.5-1.noarch.rpm安装包移动到yum本地数据源文件夹/Media/Packages下</p>
<p>
在Packages下执行安装命令</p>
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# yum -y install oratoolkit*</p>
<p>
3. 修改Oracle用户密码</p>
<p>
OTK已经帮我们建立了oracle用户，下面需要设置oracle用户密码<br>
# passwd oracle</p>
<p>
4. 检查环境依赖关系工具swReqCheck</p>
<p>
OTK提供了智能检查环境依赖关系，即检查Linux系统还有什么不满足的条件，比如缺少安装包。</p>
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<code class="plain plain"># /opt/oracle/otk/current/bin/installManager swReqCheck osSetup11gR2.cfg</code>
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<code class="plain plain">..</code>
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<code class="plain plain">..</code>
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<code class="plain plain">..</code>
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<code class="plain plain">20140419_010832: Info: Action swReqCheck of installManager ended with 44 WARNINGS</code>
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我的系统安装的是CentOS 6.5 64bit - Basic Server，新系统缺少的安装包较多，检查出44个WARNINGS。</p>
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其中43个缺少的安装包，一个可忽略的WARNING:</p>
<p>
# 20140419_011022: Warning: Oracle software runs on CentOS however this combination is NOT supported by Oracle</p>
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安装必须安装的安装包：用一个Shell脚本来解决问题，OTK提供了必须安装的安装包清单。</p>
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<code class="plain plain">#先拼装命令 </code>
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<code class="plain plain">REQ_FILE_DIR="/opt/oracle/otk/current/conf/installManager/requirement"</code>
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<code class="plain plain">REQ_FILE_PATH="$REQ_FILE_DIR/ora11gR2-redhat-5-x86_64.pkg.lst"</code>
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<code class="plain plain">YUM_COMMAND=$(echo "yum -y install")</code>
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<code class="plain plain">YUM_COMMAND+=$(egrep -v "#" $REQ_FILE_PATH | grep 32-bit | awk '{ print " "$1".i86" }') </code>
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<code class="plain plain">YUM_COMMAND+=$(egrep -v "#" $REQ_FILE_PATH | grep 64-bit | awk '{ print " "$1".x86_64" }')</code>
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<code class="plain plain">#用echo看看最终拼装的命令是什么样 </code>
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<code class="plain plain">echo $YUM_COMMAND</code>
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<code class="plain plain">#执行命令 </code>
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<code class="plain plain">$YUM_COMMAND</code>
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<code class="plain plain">#再次执行环境检查 </code>
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<code class="plain plain">/opt/oracle/otk/current/bin/installManager swReqCheck osSetup11gR2.cfg</code>
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再次检查结果：</p>
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# 20130521_170131: Info: Action swReqCheck of installManager with ONE WARNING</p>
<p>
剩下一个可忽略的警告。说明环境已经满足Oracle安装了。</p>
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5. 编译安装rlwrap（增强SQLPLUS功能）</p>
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<code class="plain plain">rlwrap is a wrapper that uses the GNU readline library to allow the editing of keyboard input for any other command. Input history is kept between invocations, separately for each command; history completion and search work as in bash and completion word lists can be specified on the command line.</code>
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<code class="plain plain">来自 <http://utopia.knoware.nl/~hlub/uck/rlwrap/> </code>
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OTK集成了rlwrap工具</p>
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rlwrap增强了SQLPLUS的执行命令历史记录和自动完成功能</p>
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编译安装rlwrap</p>
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<code class="plain plain"># cd /opt/oracle/otk/current/tools/rlwrap/</code>
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<code class="plain plain"># ./configure</code>
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<code class="plain plain"># make</code>
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<code class="plain plain"># make install</code>
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<code class="plain plain"># rlwrap -v</code>
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rlwrap 0.30</p>
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6. 使用OTK工具installManager安装osSetup</p>
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<code class="plain plain">On the one hand it does what is required from Oracle documentation and on the other hand it setups also the environment for OTK. The next bullet list shows a summary.</code>
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<code class="plain plain">来自 <https://www.oratoolkit.ch/tutorials/gettingStartedV.php> </code>
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<code class="plain plain"># /opt/oracle/otk/current/bin/installManager osSetup osSetup11gR2.cfg</code>
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7. 把Oracle安装文件移入资源目录</p>
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OTK默认读取oracle安装文件的目录是/var/opt/oracle/repository；</p>
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OTK的swInst实例安装命令会读取这个目录：</p>
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<code class="plain plain"># cd /media/oracle</code>
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<code class="plain plain"># chown oracle:oinstall *</code>
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<code class="plain plain"># mv linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip /var/opt/oracle/repository/</code>
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8. 登录Oracle用户，修改配置文件</p>
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<code class="plain plain"># su - oracle</code>
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<code class="plain plain">------------------------------------------------------</code>
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<code class="plain plain">oraToolKit environment variables</code>
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<code class="plain plain">------------------------------------------------------</code>
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<code class="plain plain">Installation directory : /opt/oracle/otk</code>
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<code class="plain plain">Release : 1.0.2.1.5</code>
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<code class="plain plain">$RUN directory : /opt/oracle/otk/1.0/bin</code>
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<code class="plain plain">$LOG_BASE directory : /var/opt/oracle/otk/1.0/log</code>
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<code class="plain plain">------------------------------------------------------</code>
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<code class="plain plain"># vi .profile.custom.interactive</code>
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修改文件中的SITE值。</p>
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9. 安装Oracle数据库</p>
<p>
OTK是用swInst安装数据库的，swInst的工作原理：</p>
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<code class="plain plain">The main purpose of swInst action is to execute OUI in silent mode in order to install the software. However, before it can be executed it is required to unzip the file containing the software. OTK starts here and takes care also about the extraction before launching runInstaller script.</code>
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<code class="plain plain">来自 <https://www.oratoolkit.ch/tutorials/gettingStartedVII.php> </code>
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用一个Shell脚本来安装数据库：</p>
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<code class="plain plain">#bash</code>
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<code class="plain plain"># /opt/oracle/otk/1.0/conf/installManager 配置文件路径</code>
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<code class="plain plain">cd $INSTALL_CONF</code>
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<code class="plain plain"># 拷贝Oracle11gR2配置文件,Step1,2,3</code>
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<code class="plain plain">cp sample/swInstEeSrv11gR2-Step-linux-x86_64.cfg .</code>
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<code class="plain plain"># swInst 引导安装</code>
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<code class="plain plain">installManager swInst swInstEeSrv11gR2-Step1-linux-x86_64.cfg</code>
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<code class="plain plain">installManager swInst swInstEeSrv11gR2-Step2-linux-x86_64.cfg</code>
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</div>
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<code class="plain plain">installManager swInst swInstEeSrv11gR2-Step3-linux-x86_64.cfg</code>
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<p>
稍等片刻，最后输出如下信息：说明安装成功。<br>
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p>
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<code class="plain plain">20140419_132032: Info: Executing libinstallManager.printInfoMsg function</code>
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<code class="plain plain">Check in the logs if there are commands to be executed manually.</code>
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<code class="plain plain">-Usually /opt/oracle/sesrv/11.1.0/db1/cfgtoollogs/configToolAllCommands contains such commands</code>
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<code class="plain plain">-Usually /opt/oracle/sesrv/11.1.0/db1/root.sh with root privileges has to be executed in case appctl framework is not used.</code>
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<code class="plain plain">-Usually /opt/oracle/sesrv/11.1.0/db1/install/changePerm.sh needs to be executed when other OS users requires Oracle libraries</code>
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<div class="line number7 index6 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</code>
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<code class="plain plain">20140419_132032: Info: Action swInst of installManager ended successfully</code>
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<code class="plain plain">----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</code>
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<p>
完成剩余配置，执行root.sh命令，安装最后需要手工执行剩余的脚本：</p>
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<code class="plain plain"># su -</code>
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<code class="plain plain"># /opt/oracle/eesrv/11.2.0/db1/root.sh</code>
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<code class="plain plain"># exit</code>
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<p>
10. 创建数据库实例</p>
<p>
OTK采用dbSetup来创建实例</p>
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<code class="plain plain"># cd $INSTALL_CONF</code>
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<code class="plain plain"># ls -l dbSetup*.cfg</code>
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<code class="plain plain">dbSetup-dev.cfg </code>
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<code class="plain plain">dbSetup-prod.cfg</code>
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<code class="plain plain">dbSetup-test.cfg </code>
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<p>
我安装的是开发模式（dev），我们还看到测试模式（test）和生产模式（prod）；</p>
<p>
修改dbSetup-dev.cfg配置文件，必须修改的配置为：</p>
<p>
ORACLE_HOME的值：</p>
<p>
$ORACLE_BASE/sesrv/11.1.0/db1</p>
<p>
修改为：</p>
<p>
$ORACLE_BASE/eesrv/11.2.0/db1</p>
<p>
执行安装命令：</p>
<p>
# installManager dbSetup dbSetup-dev.cfg</p>
<p>
接下来会看到在安装数据库实例，大约十几分钟，最后看到如下输出：</p>
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<code class="plain plain">---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- </code>
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<code class="plain plain">20130419_013000: Info: Executing libmiscellaneous.getFooter function </code>
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<code class="plain plain">20130419_013000: Info: Terminating installManager execution </code>
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<code class="plain plain">20130419_013000: Info: Summary log file: /var/opt/oracle/otk/1.0/log-old/installManager/../installManager.log </code>
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<code class="plain plain">20130419_013000: Info: Detailed log file: /var/opt/oracle/otk/1.0/log-old/installManager/dbsetup-20130522_012901.log </code>
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<code class="plain plain">20130419_013000: Info: Action dbSetup of installManager ended successfully </code>
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<code class="plain plain">----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</code>
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<p>
Congratulations! 数据库可以使用了。</p>
<p>
11. 登录SQLPLUS</p>
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<code class="plain plain"># su - oracle</code>
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<code class="plain plain">------------------------------------------------------ </code>
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<code class="plain plain">Oracle database environment variables</code>
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</div>
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<code class="plain plain">------------------------------------------------------ </code>
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<code class="plain plain">$ORACLE_HOME : /opt/oracle/eesrv/11.2.0/db1</code>
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<code class="plain plain">$ORACLE_SID : dev</code>
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</div>
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<code class="plain plain">$TNS_ADMIN : /opt/oracle/network</code>
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</div>
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<code class="plain plain">------------------------------------------------------</code>
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</div>
<div class="line number17 index16 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">------------------------------------------------------</code>
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</div>
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<code class="plain plain">oraToolKit environment variables</code>
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<div class="line number20 index19 alt1">
</div>
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<code class="plain plain">------------------------------------------------------</code>
</div>
<div class="line number22 index21 alt1">
</div>
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<code class="plain plain">Installation directory : /opt/oracle/otk</code>
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</div>
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<code class="plain plain">Release : 1.0.2.1.5</code>
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</div>
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<code class="plain plain">$RUN directory : /opt/oracle/otk/1.0/bin</code>
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</div>
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<code class="plain plain">$LOG_BASE directory : /var/opt/oracle/otk/1.0/log</code>
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</div>
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<code class="plain plain">------------------------------------------------------</code>
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</div>
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<code class="plain plain"># sqlplus / as sysdba</code>
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</div>
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<code class="plain plain">SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Apr 19 11:27:47 2014</code>
</div>
<div class="line number36 index35 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number37 index36 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.</code>
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</div>
<div class="line number39 index38 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">Connected to:</code>
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<div class="line number40 index39 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number41 index40 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production</code>
</div>
<div class="line number42 index41 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number43 index42 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options</code>
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<div class="line number44 index43 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number45 index44 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">SQL></code>
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<p>
查看数据库有哪些用户</p>
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<code class="plain plain">SQL>select username from dba_users;</code>
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<code class="plain plain">USERNAME</code>
</div>
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<code class="plain plain">------------------------------</code>
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<code class="plain plain">SYSTEM</code>
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<code class="plain plain">SYS</code>
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<code class="plain plain">OTK</code>
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<code class="plain plain">ORACLE_OCM</code>
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<code class="plain plain">DBSNMP</code>
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</div>
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<code class="plain plain">DIP</code>
</div>
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</div>
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<code class="plain plain">OUTLN</code>
</div>
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</div>
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<code class="plain plain">EXFSYS</code>
</div>
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</div>
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<code class="plain plain">PERFSTAT</code>
</div>
<div class="line number24 index23 alt1">
</div>
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<code class="plain plain">APPQOSSYS</code>
</div>
<div class="line number26 index25 alt1">
</div>
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<code class="plain plain">HAPROBE</code>
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<div class="line number28 index27 alt1">
</div>
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<code class="plain plain">11 rows selected.</code>
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<p>
说明SQLPLUS可以使用了。</p>
<p>
12. 使用CTL管理数据库</p>
<p>
OTK提供了一个通用的Oracle数据库管理工具，它代替了Oracle的APPCTL框架。</p>
<p>
$ ctl status all //查看当前状态</p>
<p>
# ctl start all //启动数据库</p>
<p>
$ ctl stop all //停止数据库</p>
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