CentOS5 + rsync 同步2台服务器的文件
<p>Always use rsync over ssh</p>
<p>
Since rsync does not provide any security while transferring data it is recommended that you use rsync over ssh . This allows a secure remote connection. Now let us see some examples of rsync.</p>
<p>
rsync command common options</p>
<ul>
<li>
<strong>--delete</strong> : delete files that don't exist on sender (system)</li>
<li>
<strong>-v</strong> : Verbose (try <strong>-vv</strong> for more detailed information)</li>
<li>
<strong>-e "ssh options"</strong> : specify the ssh as remote shell</li>
<li>
<strong>-a</strong> : archive mode</li>
<li>
<strong>-r</strong> : recurse into directories</li>
<li>
<strong>-z</strong> : compress file data</li>
</ul>
<p>
Task : Copy file from a local computer to a remote server</p>
<p>
Copy file from /www/backup.tar.gz to a remote server called openbsd.nixcraft.in</p>
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$ rsync -v -e ssh /www/backup.tar.gz jerry@openbsd.nixcraft.in:~</p>
</div>
<p>
Output:</p>
<p>
Password:<br>
sent 19099 bytes received 36 bytes 1093.43 bytes/sec<br>
total size is 19014 speedup is 0.99</p>
<p>
Please note that symbol <strong>~</strong> indicate the users home directory (/home/jerry).</p>
<p>
Task : Copy file from a remote server to a local computer</p>
<p>
Copy file /home/jerry/webroot.txt from a remote server openbsd.nixcraft.in to a local computer /tmp directory:</p>
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$ rsync -v -e ssh jerry@openbsd.nixcraft.in:~/webroot.txt /tmp</p>
</div>
<p>
Password</p>
<p>
Task: Synchronize a local directory with a remote directory</p>
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<p class="hl-main">
$ rsync -r -a -v -e "ssh -l jerry" --delete openbsd.nixcraft.in:/webroot/ /local/webroot</p>
</div>
<p>
Task: Synchronize a remote directory with a local directory</p>
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<p class="hl-main">
$ rsync -r -a -v -e "ssh -l jerry" --delete /local/webroot openbsd.nixcraft.in:/webroot</p>
</div>
<p>
Task: Synchronize a local directory with a remote rsync server</p>
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<p class="hl-main">
$ rsync -r -a -v --delete rsync://rsync.nixcraft.in/cvs /home/cvs</p>
</div>
<p>
Task: Mirror a directory between my "old" and "new" web server/ftp</p>
<p>
You can mirror a directory between my "old" (my.old.server.com) and "new" web server with the command (assuming that ssh keys are set for password less authentication)</p>
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$ rsync -zavrR --delete --links --rsh="ssh -l vivek" my.old.server.com:/home/lighttpd /home/lighttpd</p>
</div>
<p>
===================================================</p>
<p>
当需要把服务器上的文件复制到另外的机器上，可用rsync来同步文件。</p>
<p>
一、服务器端配置：<br><strong># yum -y install xinetd</strong></p>
<p>
<strong># vi /etc/xinetd.d/rsync</strong><br>
将如下代码</p>
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<p class="codetitle">
<span><u>复制代码</u></span> 代码如下:</p>
<p class="codebody">
<br>
service rsync<br>
{<br>
disable = yes<br>
socket_type = stream<br>
wait = no<br>
user = root<br>
server = /usr/bin/rsync<br>
server_args = –daemon<br>
log_on_failure += USERID<br>
}</p>
<p>
<br>
中的 <strong>disable = yes </strong>改成 <strong>disable = no</strong></p>
</div>
<p>
然后启动 xinetd</p>
<p class="codetitle">
<span><u>复制代码</u></span> 代码如下:</p>
<p class="codebody">
<br>
# /etc/init.d/xinetd start</p>
<p>
<br>
注意：如果服务器上装有防火墙记得要打开端口，默认端口是873</p>
<p>
</p>
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<p class="codetitle">
<span><u>复制代码</u></span> 代码如下:</p>
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<br>
# telnet 127.0.0.1 873</p>
<p>
<br>
Trying 127.0.0.1...<br>
telnet: connect to address 127.0.0.1: Connection refused<br>
# iptables -A INPUT -s 192.168.0.0/255.255.255.0 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 873 -j ACCEPT<br>
# iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 873 -j DROP</p>
</div>
</div>
<p>
<strong># vi /etc/rsyncd.conf</strong></p>
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<p class="codetitle">
<span><u>复制代码</u></span> 代码如下:</p>
<p class="codebody">
<br>
<br>
path = /www<br>
auth users = admin<br>
uid = root<br>
gid = root<br>
secrets file = /etc/rsyncd.secrets<br>
read only = no</p>
<p>
<br>
[服务器代号]<br>
path = 备份文件路径<br>
auth users = 授权帐号<br>
uid = 执行时的uid<br>
gid = 执行时的gid<br>
secrets file = 密码文件位置<br>
read only = 是否只读</p>
</div>
<p>
<strong># vi /etc/rsyncd.secrets</strong></p>
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<p class="codetitle">
<span><u>复制代码</u></span> 代码如下:</p>
<p class="codebody">
<br>
admin:1234 ＃用户名:密碼</p>
<p>
<br>
给文件正确的权限<br><strong># chown root:root /etc/rsyncd.secrets<br>
# chmod 600 /etc/rsyncd.secrets</strong></p>
</div>
<p>
<strong>二、client 端进行同步</strong><br>
客户端默认好像已经装了rsync，没有的话装下：<br><strong># yum -y install rsync</strong></p>
<p>
执行异步同步操作：</p>
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/usr/bin/rsync -avz –progress admin@192.168.1.105::backup /www</p>
</div>
<p>
同步命令说明：</p>
<p>
1 显示目录内容</p>
<p>
命令<br>
——<br>
a) rsync<br>
b) rsync -r<br>
c) rsync jack@192.168.0.1::<br>
d) rsync ssh_user@192.168.0.1:</p>
<p>
命令说明<br>
———<br>
a) 显示目录内容(第一层)<br>
b) 递归显示目录内容<br>
c) 显示远程主机目录内容<br>
*注1：端口模式, 基于rsync用户的身份验证<br>
*注2：rsync server上的目录必须具有xx7的权限.<br>
d) 查看远程主机目录内容<br>
*注1：remote shell模式, 通过ssh连接的基于系统本地用户的身份验证<br>
*注2：这里只使用了一个冒号(:)，同时用户名是远程主机的ssh 用户，密码也是ssh用户对应的密码。<br>
*注3：使用””，则列出文件夹本身的信息。若要列出文件夹内容，应使用”/”。</p>
<p>
参数说明<br>
———<br>
-r 对目录进行递归操作</p>
<p>
2 本地目录之间同步</p>
<p>
命令<br>
——<br>
a) rsync -av –progress / *** 注意(/) ***<br>
b) rsync -av –progress<br>
c) rsync -avu –progress –delete /<br>
d) rsync -av –progress –temp-dir=/tmp /</p>
<p>
命令说明<br>
———<br>
a) 同步src-dir目录下所有文件到dst-dir目录下<br>
b) 同步src-dir目录下所有文件到dst-dir/src-dir目录下<br>
c) 对src-dir目录内容向dst-dir目录下进行差异更新，有增加/更新则添加替换，有减少则对其删减<br>
d) 比a)多了–temp-dir=/tmp，即指定/tmp为临时交换区，这样可以避免因目标目录空间不够引起的无法同步文件的错误。</p>
<p>
参数说明<br>
———<br>
-a 相当于 -rlptgoD 的集合<br>
-u 等同于 –update，在目标文件比源文件新的情况下不更新<br>
-v 显示同步的文件<br>
–progress 显示文件同步时的百分比进度、传输速率<br>
–delete 删除目标目录中多于源目录的文件</p>
<p>
3 异地主机之间同步<br>
命令<br>
——<br>
a) rsync -avz –progress jack@192.168.0.1::/<br>
b) rsync -avz –progress jack@192.168.0.1::/ –password-file=/home/jack/rsync.jack<br>
c) rsync -avuz –progress –delete jack@192.168.0.1::/ –password-file=/home/jack/rsync.jack<br>
d) rsync -avz –progress jack@192.168.0.1::/</p>
<p>
命令说明<br>
———<br>
a) 同步本地目录的内容到远程主机192.168.0.1的目录下，jack是rsync数据库用户(参见3. /etc/rsync.secrets)<br>
b) 通过自动读取用户密码而实现非交互登录文件同步<br>
c) 较b)多了-u和–delete<br>
d) 同步远程主机内容到本地目录</p>
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