CentOS 7.x下的LEMP环境搭建详细教程
<p>最近由于项目需求，将服务器从centos6升级到centos7，对应的php版本也升级到php5.6。我们熟悉的有lemp环境一键安装包，但是本文我们将单独安装各个组件模块，并搭建一个完整的php运行平台。</p>
<p>
我们常说的lnmp环境是指linux/nginx/mysql/php组合，而lemp是什么呢？其实nginx的发音是engine-x = e，lemp包是由linux、nginx、mariadb/mysql和php组成的，那么看来lemp和lnmp是一样的，而现在业内习惯性的称作lemp。mariadb是一款社区支持驱动的mysql数据库的分支，其功能更多性能更佳，所以我们在centos7下安装mariadb。centos7我已经安装好了，现在只需安装nginx，mariadb和php。</p>
<p>
<span><strong>1、安装nginx</strong></span></p>
<p>
我们从nginx官方的rpm源来安装一个预构建的稳定版本的nginx包。</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">rpm --</code><code class="bash functions">import</code> <code class="bash plain">http:</code><code class="bash plain">//nginx</code><code class="bash plain">.org</code><code class="bash plain">/keys/nginx_signing</code><code class="bash plain">.key </code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">rpm -ivh http:</code><code class="bash plain">//nginx</code><code class="bash plain">.org</code><code class="bash plain">/packages/centos/7/noarch/rpms/nginx-release-centos-7-0</code><code class="bash plain">.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm </code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">yum </code><code class="bash functions">install</code> <code class="bash plain">nginx</code>
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这样，nginx就安装上了，安装完成后，nginx不会自动启动。现在需要做的是让nginx自动启动，另外还要做些配置让其可以随着操作系统启动而启动。我们也需要在防火墙里打开tcp/80端口，以使得可以远程访问nginx的web服务。所有这些操作、设置都只需要输入如下命令就可实现。</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">systemctl start nginx </code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">systemctl </code><code class="bash functions">enable</code> <code class="bash plain">nginx </code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=80</code><code class="bash plain">/tcp</code> <code class="bash plain">--permanent </code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">firewall-cmd --reload</code>
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nginx已经启动了，现在来测试nginx。nginx在centos7下的默认文档要目录是/usr/share/nginx/html。默认的 index.html 文件一定已经在这目录下了。让我们检测下是否可以访问到这个测试 web 页，输入 http://nginx的ip地址/访问。</p>
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<img style="max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important;"title="CentOS 7.x下的LEMP环境搭建详细教程" alt="CentOS 7.x下的LEMP环境搭建详细教程" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/fb84513a0175ed87eeb5bbddf00576d4.jpg"></p>
<p>
<span><strong>2、安装mariadb/mysql</strong></span></p>
<p>
centos/rhel 7使用了mariadb替代了默认的 mysql。作为mysql的简单替代品，mariadb保证了与mysql的api和命令行用法方面最大的兼容性。下面是关于怎么在 centos7上安装和配置maradb/mysql的操作示例。</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">yum </code><code class="bash functions">install</code> <code class="bash plain">mariadb-server </code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">systemctl start mariadb </code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">systemctl </code><code class="bash functions">enable</code> <code class="bash plain">mariadb</code>
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在成功启动mariadb/mysql服务后，还要进行数据库的安全配置，如设置（非空）的root密码、删除匿名用户、锁定远程访问。执行如下代码：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">mysql_secure_installation</code>
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根据提示设置root密码，以及删除匿名用户等操作。</p>
<p>
<span><strong>3、安装php</strong></span></p>
<p>
php是lemp包中一个重要的组件，它负责把存储在mariadb/mysql服务器的数据取出生成动态内容。为了lemp 需要，您至少需要安装上php-fpm和php-mysql两个模块。php-fpm（fastcgi 进程管理器）实现的是nginx服务器和生成动态内容的php应用程序的访问接口。php-mysql模块使php程序能访问 mariadb/mysql数据库。</p>
<p>
首先检查当前安装的php包。</p>
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<code class="bash plain">yum list installed | </code><code class="bash functions">grep</code> <code class="bash plain">php</code>
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如果有安装的php包，先删除他们。</p>
<p>
给yum安装添加源包。</p>
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<code class="bash plain">rpm -uvh https:</code><code class="bash plain">//mirror</code><code class="bash plain">.webtatic.com</code><code class="bash plain">/yum/el7/epel-release</code><code class="bash plain">.rpm </code>
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<code class="bash plain">rpm -uvh https:</code><code class="bash plain">//mirror</code><code class="bash plain">.webtatic.com</code><code class="bash plain">/yum/el7/webtatic-release</code><code class="bash plain">.rpm</code>
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运行yum install。</p>
<p>
使用yum命令来定制php引擎，安装一些php扩展模块包。</p>
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<code class="bash plain">yum </code><code class="bash functions">install</code> <code class="bash plain">php56w.x86_64 php56w-cli.x86_64 php56w-common.x86_64 php56w-gd.x86_64 php56w-ldap.x86_64 php56w-mbstring.x86_64 php56w-mcrypt.x86_64 php56w-mysql.x86_64 php56w-pdo.x86_64</code>
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然后安装php fpm。</p>
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<code class="bash plain">yum </code><code class="bash functions">install</code> <code class="bash plain">php56w-fpm</code>
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最后，启动 php-fpm</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">systemctl start php-fpm </code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">systemctl </code><code class="bash functions">enable</code> <code class="bash plain">php-fpm</code>
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<p>
4、配置lemp，让nginx支持php</p>
<p>
首先，禁用随php包安装的httpd服务。</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">systemctl disable httpd</code>
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接下来，配置nginx虚拟主机，使得nginx可以通过php-fpm来处理php的任务。用文本编辑器打开/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf，然后按如下所示修改。</p>
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<code class="bash plain">server { </code>
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<code class="bash plain">listen 80; </code>
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<code class="bash plain">server_name localhost; </code>
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<code class="bash plain">root </code><code class="bash plain">/usr/share/nginx/html</code><code class="bash plain">; </code>
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<code class="bash plain">index index.php index.html index.htm; </code>
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<code class="bash comments">#charset koi8-r; </code>
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<code class="bash comments">#access_log /var/log/nginx/log/host.access.log main; </code>
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<code class="bash plain">location / { </code>
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<code class="bash plain">} </code>
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<code class="bash comments">#error_page 404 /404.html; </code>
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<code class="bash comments"># redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html </code>
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<code class="bash comments"># </code>
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<code class="bash plain">error_page 500 502 503 504 </code><code class="bash plain">/50x</code><code class="bash plain">.html; </code>
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<code class="bash plain">location = </code><code class="bash plain">/50x</code><code class="bash plain">.html { </code>
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<code class="bash plain">} </code>
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<code class="bash comments"># proxy the php scripts to apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80 </code>
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<code class="bash comments"># </code>
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<code class="bash comments">#location ~ \.php$ { </code>
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<code class="bash comments"># proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1; </code>
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<code class="bash comments">#} </code>
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<code class="bash comments"># pass the php scripts to fastcgi server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000 </code>
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<code class="bash comments"># </code>
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<code class="bash plain">location ~ \.php$ { </code>
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<code class="bash plain">try_files $uri =404; </code>
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<code class="bash plain">fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; </code>
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<code class="bash plain">fastcgi_index index.php; </code>
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<code class="bash plain">fastcgi_param script_filename $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; </code>
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<code class="bash plain">include fastcgi_params; </code>
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<code class="bash plain">} </code>
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<code class="bash plain">}</code>
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<p>
然后，配置php， 修改/etc/php.ini。</p>
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最后，测试nginx是否能处理php页面。在测试之前，请确保重启nginx和php-fpm。</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">systemctl restart nginx </code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">systemctl restart php-fpm</code>
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创建一个叫名叫test.php的文件，然后写入如下内容，并放入/usr/share/nginx/html/目录。</p>
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打开浏览器，输入 http://nginx的ip地址/test.php 。看到以下界面则lemp安装完成。</p>
<p>
<img style="max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important;"title="CentOS 7.x下的LEMP环境搭建详细教程" alt="CentOS 7.x下的LEMP环境搭建详细教程" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/37921a430d330ad8caed9f8454e578c9.jpg"></p>
<p>
以上所述是小编给大家介绍的centos 7.x下的lemp环境搭建详细教程，希望对大家有所帮助</p>
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