Centos7 mysql数据库安装及配置实现教程
<p><strong>一、系统环境</strong></p>
<p>
yum update升级以后的系统版本为</p>
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<p>
# cat /etc/redhat-release<br>
CentOS Linux release 7.1.1503 (Core)</p>
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<p>
<strong>二、mysql安装</strong></p>
<p>
一般网上给出的资料都是</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
#yum install mysql<br>
#yum install mysql-server<br>
#yum install mysql-devel</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
安装mysql和mysql-devel都成功，但是安装mysql-server失败，如下：</p>
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<code class="plain plain"># yum install mysql-server</code>
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<code class="plain plain">Loaded plugins: fastestmirror</code>
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<code class="plain plain">Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile</code>
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<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">* base: mirrors.sina.cn</code>
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<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">* extras: mirrors.sina.cn</code>
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<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">* updates: mirrors.sina.cn</code>
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<code class="plain plain">No package mysql-server available.</code>
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<code class="plain plain">Error: Nothing to do</code>
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查资料发现是CentOS 7 版本将MySQL数据库软件从默认的程序列表中移除，用mariadb代替了。</p>
<p>
有两种解决办法：</p>
<p>
1、方法一：安装mariadb</p>
<p>
MariaDB数据库管理系统是MySQL的一个分支，主要由开源社区在维护，采用GPL授权许可。开发这个分支的原因之一是：甲骨文公司收购了MySQL后，有将MySQL闭源的潜在风险，因此社区采用分支的方式来避开这个风险。MariaDB的目的是完全兼容MySQL，包括API和命令行，使之能轻松成为MySQL的代替品。</p>
<p>
安装mariadb，大小59 M。</p>
<p>
# yum install mariadb-server mariadb</p>
<p>
mariadb数据库的相关命令是：</p>
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<p>
systemctl start mariadb #启动MariaDB</p>
<p>
systemctl stop mariadb #停止MariaDB</p>
<p>
systemctl restart mariadb #重启MariaDB</p>
<p>
systemctl enable mariadb #设置开机启动</p>
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<p>
所以先启动数据库</p>
<p>
# systemctl start mariadb</p>
<p>
然后就可以正常使用mysql了</p>
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<code class="sql plain"># mysql -u root -p</code>
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<code class="sql plain">Enter </code><code class="sql keyword">password</code><code class="sql plain">: </code>
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<code class="sql plain">Welcome </code><code class="sql keyword">to</code> <code class="sql plain">the MariaDB monitor. Commands </code><code class="sql keyword">end</code> <code class="sql keyword">with</code> <code class="sql plain">; </code><code class="sql color1">or</code> <code class="sql plain">\g.</code>
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<code class="sql plain">Your MariaDB </code><code class="sql keyword">connection</code> <code class="sql plain">id </code><code class="sql keyword">is</code> <code class="sql plain">3</code>
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<code class="sql plain">Server version: 5.5.41-MariaDB MariaDB Server</code>
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<code class="sql plain">Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab </code><code class="sql color1">and</code> <code class="sql plain">others.</code>
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<code class="sql plain">Type </code><code class="sql string">'help;'</code> <code class="sql color1">or</code> <code class="sql string">'\h'</code> <code class="sql keyword">for</code> <code class="sql plain">help. Type </code><code class="sql string">'\c'</code> <code class="sql keyword">to</code> <code class="sql plain">clear the </code><code class="sql keyword">current</code> <code class="sql plain">input statement.</code>
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<code class="sql plain">MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;</code>
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<code class="sql plain">+</code><code class="sql comments">--------------------+</code>
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<code class="sql plain">| </code><code class="sql keyword">Database</code> <code class="sql plain">|</code>
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<code class="sql plain">+</code><code class="sql comments">--------------------+</code>
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<code class="sql plain">| information_schema |</code>
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<code class="sql plain">| mysql |</code>
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<code class="sql plain">| performance_schema |</code>
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<code class="sql plain">| test |</code>
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<code class="sql plain">+</code><code class="sql comments">--------------------+</code>
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<code class="sql plain">4 </code><code class="sql keyword">rows</code> <code class="sql color1">in</code> <code class="sql keyword">set</code> <code class="sql plain">(0.00 sec)</code>
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<code class="sql plain">MariaDB [(none)]></code>
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<p>
安装mariadb后显示的也是MariaDB [(none)]>，可能看起来有点不习惯。下面是第二种方法。</p>
<p>
2、方法二：官网下载安装mysql-server</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
# wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm<br>
# rpm -ivh mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm<br>
# yum install mysql-community-server</p>
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<p>
安装成功后重启mysql服务。</p>
<p>
# service mysqld restart</p>
<p>
初次安装mysql，root账户没有密码。</p>
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<code class="sql plain"># mysql -u root </code>
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<code class="sql plain">Welcome </code><code class="sql keyword">to</code> <code class="sql plain">the MySQL monitor. Commands </code><code class="sql keyword">end</code> <code class="sql keyword">with</code> <code class="sql plain">; </code><code class="sql color1">or</code> <code class="sql plain">\g.</code>
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<code class="sql plain">Your MySQL </code><code class="sql keyword">connection</code> <code class="sql plain">id </code><code class="sql keyword">is</code> <code class="sql plain">3</code>
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<code class="sql plain">Server version: 5.6.26 MySQL Community Server (GPL)</code>
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<code class="sql plain">Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle </code><code class="sql color1">and</code><code class="sql plain">/</code><code class="sql color1">or</code> <code class="sql plain">its affiliates. </code><code class="sql color1">All</code> <code class="sql plain">rights reserved.</code>
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<code class="sql plain">Oracle </code><code class="sql keyword">is</code> <code class="sql plain">a registered trademark </code><code class="sql keyword">of</code> <code class="sql plain">Oracle Corporation </code><code class="sql color1">and</code><code class="sql plain">/</code><code class="sql color1">or</code> <code class="sql plain">its</code>
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<code class="sql plain">affiliates. Other names may be trademarks </code><code class="sql keyword">of</code> <code class="sql plain">their respective</code>
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<code class="sql plain">owners.</code>
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<code class="sql plain">Type </code><code class="sql string">'help;'</code> <code class="sql color1">or</code> <code class="sql string">'\h'</code> <code class="sql keyword">for</code> <code class="sql plain">help. Type </code><code class="sql string">'\c'</code> <code class="sql keyword">to</code> <code class="sql plain">clear the </code><code class="sql keyword">current</code> <code class="sql plain">input statement.</code>
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<code class="sql plain">mysql> show databases;</code>
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<code class="sql plain">+</code><code class="sql comments">--------------------+</code>
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<code class="sql plain">| </code><code class="sql keyword">Database</code> <code class="sql plain">|</code>
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<code class="sql plain">+</code><code class="sql comments">--------------------+</code>
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<code class="sql plain">| information_schema |</code>
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<code class="sql plain">| mysql |</code>
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<code class="sql plain">| performance_schema |</code>
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<code class="sql plain">| test |</code>
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<code class="sql plain">+</code><code class="sql comments">--------------------+</code>
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<code class="sql plain">4 </code><code class="sql keyword">rows</code> <code class="sql color1">in</code> <code class="sql keyword">set</code> <code class="sql plain">(0.01 sec)</code>
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<code class="sql plain">mysql></code>
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设置密码</p>
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mysql> set password for 'root'@'localhost' =password('password');Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql></p>
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不需要重启数据库即可生效。</p>
<p>
在mysql安装过程中如下内容：</p>
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<code class="sql plain">Installed:</code>
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<code class="sql spaces"> </code><code class="sql plain">mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.6.26-2.el7 mysql-community-devel.x86_64 0:5.6.26-2.el7 </code>
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<code class="sql spaces"> </code><code class="sql plain">mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.6.26-2.el7 mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.6.26-2.el7 </code>
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<code class="sql plain">Dependency Installed:</code>
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<code class="sql spaces"> </code><code class="sql plain">mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.6.26-2.el7 </code>
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<code class="sql plain">Replaced:</code>
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<code class="sql spaces"> </code><code class="sql plain">mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 </code>
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<code class="sql spaces"> </code><code class="sql plain">mariadb-server.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0</code>
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所以安装完以后mariadb自动就被替换了，将不再生效。</p>
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# rpm -qa |grep mariadb#</p>
<p>
<strong>三、配置mysql</strong></p>
<p>
1、编码</p>
<p>
mysql配置文件为/etc/my.cnf</p>
<p>
最后加上编码配置</p>
<p>
default-character-set =utf8</p>
<p>
这里的字符编码必须和/usr/share/mysql/charsets/Index.xml中一致。</p>
<p>
<img style="max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important;"title="Centos7 mysql数据库安装及配置实现教程" alt="Centos7 mysql数据库安装及配置实现教程" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/f83e528ebb6649799d3986c6750a8003.jpg"></p>
<p>
2、远程连接设置</p>
<p>
把在所有数据库的所有表的所有权限赋值给位于所有IP地址的root用户。</p>
<p>
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%'identified by 'password';</p>
<p>
如果是新用户而不是root，则要先新建用户</p>
<p>
mysql>create user 'username'@'%' identified by 'password';</p>
<p>
此时就可以进行远程连接了。</p>
<p>
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。</p>
<p>
原文链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/starof/p/4680083.html</p>
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