CentOS 常用配置方法
<p><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>1、配置IP地址: cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 </span></p>
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<span><u>复制代码</u></span></p>
<p>
代码如下:</p>
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NETMASK=255.255.255.0 <br>
IPADDR=X.X.X.X <br>
GATEWAY=X.X.X.X </p>
<p>
<br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>2、配置DNS: /etc/resolv.conf </span></p>
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<p class="right">
<span><u>复制代码</u></span></p>
<p>
代码如下:</p>
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nameserver 59.77.139.1 <br>
search localdomain </p>
<p>
<br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>配置好以后重启服务: </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>service network restart </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>3、解决中文乱码:/etc/sysconfig/i18n : </span></p>
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<p class="right">
<span><u>复制代码</u></span></p>
<p>
代码如下:</p>
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LANG=”zh_CN.GB18030″ <br>
LANGUAGE=”zh_CN.GB18030:zh_CN.GB2312:zh_CN” <br>
SUPPORTED=”zh_CN.GB18030:zh_CN:zh:en_US.UTF-8:en_US:en” <br>
SYSFONT=”lat0-sun16″ </p>
<p>
<br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>4、修改启动级别,默认为图形启动,改为字符界面: /etc/inittab </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>id:5:initdefault: 改为 id:3:initdefault: </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>5、VNCServer是一个远程连接工具,相当于Windows下面的远程桌面,很不错,推荐使用。试过很多方法,好像都不能自启动,只好开机后手动启动一下。在自己的电脑上可以使用VNCViewer进行连接。 </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>手动启动VNCServer: </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>/usr/bin/vncserver </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>或者:/etc/init.d/vncserver start </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>6、开启防火墙,允许SSH和VNCServer的端口(5801和5901): /etc/sysconfig/iptables </span></p>
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<p class="right">
<span><u>复制代码</u></span></p>
<p>
代码如下:</p>
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# Firewall configuration written by system-config-securitylevel <br>
# Manual customization of this file is not recommended. <br>
*filter <br>
:INPUT ACCEPT <br>
:FORWARD ACCEPT <br>
:OUTPUT ACCEPT <br>
:RH-Firewall-1-INPUT – <br>
-A INPUT -j RH-Firewall-1-INPUT <br>
-A FORWARD -j RH-Firewall-1-INPUT <br>
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT <br>
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p icmp –icmp-type any -j ACCEPT <br>
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p 50 -j ACCEPT <br>
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p 51 -j ACCEPT <br>
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p udp –dport 5353 -d 224.0.0.251 -j ACCEPT <br>
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p udp -m udp –dport 631 -j ACCEPT <br>
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p tcp -m tcp –dport 631 -j ACCEPT <br>
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state –state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT <br>
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state –state NEW -m tcp -p tcp –dport 22 -j ACCEPT <br>
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state –state NEW -m tcp -p tcp –dport 5801 -j ACCEPT <br>
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state –state NEW -m tcp -p tcp –dport 5901 -j ACCEPT <br>
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -j REJECT –reject-with icmp-host-prohibited <br>
COMMIT </p>
<p>
<br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>7、对Vi的一些配置: </span></p>
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<p class="right">
<span><u>复制代码</u></span></p>
<p>
代码如下:</p>
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cp /etc ~/.vimrc <br>
vi ~/.vimrc: </p>
<p>
<br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>添加如下一些内容: </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>“显示行号 </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>set number </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>“记录历史的行数 </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>set history=1000 </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>“语法高亮度显示 </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>syntax on </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>“背景使用黑色 </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>set background=dark </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>“使用自动对齐,也就是把当前行的对起格式应用到下一行; </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>set autoindent </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>“依据上面的对齐格式,智能的选择对齐方式,对于类似C语言编 </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>set smartindent </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>“设置匹配模式,类似当输入一个左括号时会匹配相应的那个右括号 </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>set showmatch </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>“第一行设置tab键为4个空格,第二行设置当行之间交错时使用4个空格 </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>set tabstop=4 </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>set shiftwidth=4 </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>“在编辑过程中,在右下角显示光标位置的状态行 </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>set ruler </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>set incsearch </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>“高亮当前行 </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>set cursorline </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>安全方面的一些设置: </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>1、关闭一些不必要的服务。 </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>以下仅列出需要启动的服务,未列出的服务可以关闭: </span></p>
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<p class="right">
<span><u>复制代码</u></span></p>
<p>
代码如下:</p>
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#setup <br>
acpid <br>
anacron <br>
cpuspeed <br>
crond <br>
irqbalance \\仅当服务器CPU为S.M.P架构或支持双核心、HT技术时,才需开启,否则关闭。 <br>
microcode_ctl <br>
network <br>
random <br>
sendmail <br>
sshd <br>
syslog <br>
yum-updatesd </p>
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<br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>2、查看系统用户:/etc/passwd: </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>删除系统臃肿多余的账号: </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>userdel adm userdel lp userdel sync userdel shutdown userdel halt userdel news userdel uucp userdel operator userdel games userdel gopher userdel ftp 如果你不允许匿名FTP,就删掉这个用户帐号 </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>groupdel adm groupdel lp groupdel news groupdel uucp groupdel games groupdel dip groupdel pppusers </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>3、 </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>chmod 600 /etc/xinetd.conf </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>4、禁PING </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>/etc/rc.d/rc.local 中增加一行 </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp_echo_ignore_all </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>0表示允许 1表示禁止 </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>5、口令文件 </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>chattr命令给下面的文件加上不可更改属性,从而防止非授权用户获得权限。 </span></p>
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<p class="right">
<span><u>复制代码</u></span></p>
<p>
代码如下:</p>
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# chattr +i /etc/passwd <br>
# chattr +i /etc/shadow <br>
# chattr +i /etc/group <br>
# chattr +i /etc/gshadow </p>
<p>
<br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>6、禁止Ctrl Alt Delete重新启动机器命令 </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>修改/etc/inittab文件,将”ca::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t3 -r now”一行注释掉。然后重新设 </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>置/etc/rc.d/init.d/目录下所有文件的许可权限,运行如下命令: </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'># chmod -R 700 /etc/rc.d/init.d/* </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>这样便仅有root可以读、写或执行上述所有脚本文件。 </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>7、更改SSH端口,最好改为10000以上,别人扫描到端口的机率也会下降 </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>不允许使用低版本的SSH协议 </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>将#protocol 2,1改为 </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>protocol 2 </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>将PORT改为1000以上端口 </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>Port 10086</span></p>
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