CentOS 6.4 下安装vsftpd并配置虚拟用户
<p style='margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";'><strong>一：安装vsftpd</strong></p>
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查看是否已经安装vsftpd<br>
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<span><u>复制代码</u></span>
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代码如下:</div>
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<br>
rpm -qa | grep vsftpd</div>
<br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>如果没有，就安装，并设置开机启动</span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><div class="msgheader" style='margin: 3px auto 0px; padding: 0px 3px; outline: none; line-height: 21.6px; clear: both; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 153, 204); background: rgb(246, 251, 255); overflow: hidden; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";'>
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<span><u>复制代码</u></span>
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代码如下:</div>
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<br>
yum -y install vsftpd<br>
chkconfig vsftpd on</div>
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<strong>二：基于虚拟用户的配置</strong><br>
所谓虚拟用户就是没有使用真实的帐户，只是通过映射到真实帐户和设置权限的目的。虚拟用户不能登录CentOS系统。</p>
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修改配置文件<br>
打开/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf，做如下配置<br>
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<span><u>复制代码</u></span>
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代码如下:</div>
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anonymous_enable=NO //设定不允许匿名访问<br>
local_enable=YES //设定本地用户可以访问。注：如使用虚拟宿主用户，在该项目设定为NO的情况下所有虚拟用户将无法访问<br>
chroot_list_enable=YES //使用户不能离开主目录<br>
ascii_upload_enable=YES<br>
ascii_download_enable=YES //设定支持ASCII模式的上传和下载功能<br>
pam_service_name=vsftpd //PAM认证文件名。PAM将根据/etc/pam.d/vsftpd进行认证</div>
<br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>以下这些是关于vsftpd虚拟用户支持的重要配置项，默认vsftpd.conf中不包含这些设定项目，需要自己手动添加</span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><div class="msgheader" style='margin: 3px auto 0px; padding: 0px 3px; outline: none; line-height: 21.6px; clear: both; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 153, 204); background: rgb(246, 251, 255); overflow: hidden; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";'>
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<span><u>复制代码</u></span>
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代码如下:</div>
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guest_enable=YES //设定启用虚拟用户功能<br>
guest_username=ftp //指定虚拟用户的宿主用户，CentOS中已经有内置的ftp用户了<br>
user_config_dir=/etc/vsftpd/vuser_conf //设定虚拟用户个人vsftp的CentOS FTP服务文件存放路径。存放虚拟用户个性的CentOS FTP服务文件(配置文件名=虚拟用户名</div>
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<strong>进行认证</strong><br>
首先，安装Berkeley DB工具，很多人找不到db_load的问题就是没有安装这个包。<br>
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<span><u>复制代码</u></span>
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代码如下:</div>
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yum install db4 db4-utils</div>
<br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>然后，创建用户密码文本/etc/vsftpd/vuser_passwd.txt ，注意奇行是用户名，偶行是密码</span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><div class="msgheader" style='margin: 3px auto 0px; padding: 0px 3px; outline: none; line-height: 21.6px; clear: both; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 153, 204); background: rgb(246, 251, 255); overflow: hidden; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";'>
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<span><u>复制代码</u></span>
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代码如下:</div>
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test<br>
123456</div>
<br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>接着，生成虚拟用户认证的db文件</span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><div class="msgheader" style='margin: 3px auto 0px; padding: 0px 3px; outline: none; line-height: 21.6px; clear: both; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 153, 204); background: rgb(246, 251, 255); overflow: hidden; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";'>
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<span><u>复制代码</u></span>
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代码如下:</div>
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db_load -T -t hash -f /etc/vsftpd/vuser_passwd.txt /etc/vsftpd/vuser_passwd.db</div>
<br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>随后，编辑认证文件/etc/pam.d/vsftpd，全部注释掉原来语句，再增加以下两句：</span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><div class="msgheader" style='margin: 3px auto 0px; padding: 0px 3px; outline: none; line-height: 21.6px; clear: both; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 153, 204); background: rgb(246, 251, 255); overflow: hidden; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";'>
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<span><u>复制代码</u></span>
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代码如下:</div>
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auth required pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/vuser_passwd<br>
account required pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/vuser_passwd</div>
<br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>最后，创建虚拟用户配置文件</span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><div class="msgheader" style='margin: 3px auto 0px; padding: 0px 3px; outline: none; line-height: 21.6px; clear: both; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 153, 204); background: rgb(246, 251, 255); overflow: hidden; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";'>
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<span><u>复制代码</u></span>
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代码如下:</div>
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mkdir /etc/vsftpd/vuser_conf/<br>
vi /etc/vsftpd/vuser_conf/test //文件名等于vuser_passwd.txt里面的账户名，否则下面设置无效</div>
<br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>内容如下</span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><div class="msgheader" style='margin: 3px auto 0px; padding: 0px 3px; outline: none; line-height: 21.6px; clear: both; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 153, 204); background: rgb(246, 251, 255); overflow: hidden; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";'>
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<span><u>复制代码</u></span>
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代码如下:</div>
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local_root=/ftp/www //虚拟用户根目录,根据实际情况修改<br>
write_enable=YES //可写<br>
anon_umask=022 //掩码<br>
anon_world_readable_only=NO <br>
anon_upload_enable=YES <br>
anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES<br>
anon_other_write_enable=YES</div>
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<strong>设置Selinux</strong><br>
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<span><u>复制代码</u></span>
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代码如下:</div>
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setsebool -P ftp_home_dir=1 //设置ftp可以使用home目录<br>
sersebool -P allow_ftpd_full_access=1 //设置ftp用户可以有所有权限</div>
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<strong>设置FTP根目录权限</strong><br>
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<span><u>复制代码</u></span>
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代码如下:</div>
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mkdir /ftp/www //创建目录<br>
chmod R 755 /ftp<br>
chmod R 777 /ftp/www</div>
<br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>最新的vsftpd要求对主目录不能有写的权限所以ftp为755，主目录下面的子目录再设置777权限</span>
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<strong>设置防火墙</strong><br>
打开/etc/sysconfig/iptables<br>
在“-A INPUT –m state --state NEW –m tcp –p –dport 22 –j ACCEPT”，下添加：<br>
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<span><u>复制代码</u></span>
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代码如下:</div>
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-A INPUT m state --state NEW m tcp p dport 21 j ACCEPT</div>
<br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>然后保存，并关闭该文件，在终端内运行下面的命令，刷新防火墙配置：</span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><div class="msgheader" style='margin: 3px auto 0px; padding: 0px 3px; outline: none; line-height: 21.6px; clear: both; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 153, 204); background: rgb(246, 251, 255); overflow: hidden; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";'>
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<span><u>复制代码</u></span>
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代码如下:</div>
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service iptables restart</div>
<br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>OK，运行“service vsftpd start”，你就可以访问你的FTP服务器了。</span>
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<strong>配置PASV模式</strong><br>
vsftpd默认没有开启PASV模式，现在FTP只能通过PORT模式连接，要开启PASV默认需要通过下面的配置<br>
打开/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf，在末尾添加<br>
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<span><u>复制代码</u></span>
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代码如下:</div>
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pasv_enable=YES //开启PASV模式<br>
pasv_min_port=40000 //最小端口号<br>
pasv_max_port=40080 //最大端口号<br>
pasv_promiscuous=YES</div>
<br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>在防火墙配置内开启40000到40080端口</span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><div class="msgheader" style='margin: 3px auto 0px; padding: 0px 3px; outline: none; line-height: 21.6px; clear: both; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 153, 204); background: rgb(246, 251, 255); overflow: hidden; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";'>
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<span><u>复制代码</u></span>
</div>
代码如下:</div>
<div class="msgborder" id="phpcode32" style='margin: 0px auto 3px; padding: 0px 3px; outline: none; line-height: 25.2px; font-size: 14px; clear: both; border-right: 1px solid rgb(0, 153, 204); background: rgb(221, 237, 251); overflow: hidden; border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 153, 204); word-break: break-all; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 153, 204); word-wrap: break-word; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";'>
<br>
-A INPUT m state --state NEW m tcp p dport 40000:40080 j ACCEPT</div>
<br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>重启iptabls和vsftpd</span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><div class="msgheader" style='margin: 3px auto 0px; padding: 0px 3px; outline: none; line-height: 21.6px; clear: both; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 153, 204); background: rgb(246, 251, 255); overflow: hidden; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";'>
<div class="right">
<span><u>复制代码</u></span>
</div>
代码如下:</div>
<div class="msgborder" id="phpcode33" style='margin: 0px auto 3px; padding: 0px 3px; outline: none; line-height: 25.2px; font-size: 14px; clear: both; border-right: 1px solid rgb(0, 153, 204); background: rgb(221, 237, 251); overflow: hidden; border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 153, 204); word-break: break-all; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 153, 204); word-wrap: break-word; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";'>
<br>
service iptables restart<br>
service vsftpd restart</div>
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</p>
<p style='margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";'>
现在可以使用PASV模式连接你的FTP服务器了~</p>
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