CentOS、Redhat中锁定、解锁软件包版本的方法（yum versionlock使用详解）
<p style='margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";'>那么该如何锁定包在特定版本下呢？下面我来介绍一种方法。使用yum versionlock 命令来锁定版本。</p>
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1. 安装<br>
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<span><u>复制代码</u></span>
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代码如下:</p>
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<div class="msgborder" id="phpcode11" style='margin: 0px auto 3px; padding: 0px 3px; outline: none; line-height: 25.2px; font-size: 14px; clear: both; border-right: 1px solid rgb(0, 153, 204); background: rgb(221, 237, 251); overflow: hidden; border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 153, 204); word-break: break-all; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 153, 204); word-wrap: break-word; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";'>
# yum install yum-plugin-versionlock.noarch</div>
<p>
<br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>2. 添加锁定包</span></p>
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例子：将perl包锁定到当前版本<br>
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<span><u>复制代码</u></span>
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<p>
代码如下:</p>
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<div class="msgborder" id="phpcode12" style='margin: 0px auto 3px; padding: 0px 3px; outline: none; line-height: 25.2px; font-size: 14px; clear: both; border-right: 1px solid rgb(0, 153, 204); background: rgb(221, 237, 251); overflow: hidden; border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 153, 204); word-break: break-all; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 153, 204); word-wrap: break-word; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";'>
<br>
# yum versionlock perl<br>
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, versionlock<br>
Adding versionlock on: 4:perl-5.10.1-127.el6<br>
versionlock added: 1</div>
<p>
<br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>3. 查看锁定列表</span></p>
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<div class="right">
<span><u>复制代码</u></span>
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<p>
代码如下:</p>
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<div class="msgborder" id="phpcode13" style='margin: 0px auto 3px; padding: 0px 3px; outline: none; line-height: 25.2px; font-size: 14px; clear: both; border-right: 1px solid rgb(0, 153, 204); background: rgb(221, 237, 251); overflow: hidden; border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 153, 204); word-break: break-all; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 153, 204); word-wrap: break-word; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";'>
# yum versionlock list<br>
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, versionlock<br>
4:perl-5.10.1-127.el6.*<br>
versionlock list done</div>
<p>
<br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>4. 清除单个包锁定</span></p>
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<div class="right">
<span><u>复制代码</u></span>
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<p>
代码如下:</p>
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<div class="msgborder" id="phpcode14" style='margin: 0px auto 3px; padding: 0px 3px; outline: none; line-height: 25.2px; font-size: 14px; clear: both; border-right: 1px solid rgb(0, 153, 204); background: rgb(221, 237, 251); overflow: hidden; border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 153, 204); word-break: break-all; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 153, 204); word-wrap: break-word; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";'>
# yum versionlock delete '4:perl-5.10.1-127.el6.*'<br>
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, versionlock<br>
Deleting versionlock for: 4:perl-5.10.1-127.el6.*<br>
versionlock deleted: 1</div>
<p>
<br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>5. 清除所有锁定</span></p>
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<span><u>复制代码</u></span>
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<p>
代码如下:</p>
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<div class="msgborder" id="phpcode15" style='margin: 0px auto 3px; padding: 0px 3px; outline: none; line-height: 25.2px; font-size: 14px; clear: both; border-right: 1px solid rgb(0, 153, 204); background: rgb(221, 237, 251); overflow: hidden; border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 153, 204); word-break: break-all; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 153, 204); word-wrap: break-word; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";'>
# yum versionlock clear<br>
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, versionlock<br>
versionlock cleared</div>
<p>
<br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>6. 实例</span></p>
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<span><u>复制代码</u></span>
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<p>
代码如下:</p>
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<div class="msgborder" id="phpcode16" style='margin: 0px auto 3px; padding: 0px 3px; outline: none; line-height: 25.2px; font-size: 14px; clear: both; border-right: 1px solid rgb(0, 153, 204); background: rgb(221, 237, 251); overflow: hidden; border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 153, 204); word-break: break-all; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 153, 204); word-wrap: break-word; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";'>
# yum check-update perl<br>
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, versionlock<br>
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile<br>
* base: mirrors.163.com<br>
* epel: mirror01.idc.hinet.net<br>
* extras: mirrors.163.com<br>
* updates: mirrors.163.com<br><br>
perl.x86_64 4:5.10.1-136.el6 base</div>
<p>
<br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>锁定perl当前版本</span></p>
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<span><u>复制代码</u></span>
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<p>
代码如下:</p>
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# yum versionlock perl<br>
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, versionlock<br>
Adding versionlock on: 4:perl-5.10.1-127.el6<br>
versionlock added: 1</div>
<p>
<br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>更新perl版本</span></p>
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<span><u>复制代码</u></span>
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<p>
代码如下:</p>
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<div class="msgborder" id="phpcode18" style='margin: 0px auto 3px; padding: 0px 3px; outline: none; line-height: 25.2px; font-size: 14px; clear: both; border-right: 1px solid rgb(0, 153, 204); background: rgb(221, 237, 251); overflow: hidden; border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 153, 204); word-break: break-all; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 153, 204); word-wrap: break-word; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";'>
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# yum update perl<br>
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, versionlock<br>
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile<br>
* base: mirrors.163.com<br>
* epel: mirror01.idc.hinet.net<br>
* extras: mirrors.163.com<br>
* updates: mirrors.163.com<br>
Setting up Update Process<br>
No Packages marked for Update</div>
<p>
<br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>No Packages marked for Update可见锁定成功了。</span></p>
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</p>
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为了更新取消perl锁定<br>
</p>
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<span><u>复制代码</u></span>
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<p>
代码如下:</p>
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<div class="msgborder" id="phpcode19" style='margin: 0px auto 3px; padding: 0px 3px; outline: none; line-height: 25.2px; font-size: 14px; clear: both; border-right: 1px solid rgb(0, 153, 204); background: rgb(221, 237, 251); overflow: hidden; border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 153, 204); word-break: break-all; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 153, 204); word-wrap: break-word; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";'>
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# yum versionlock delete '4:perl-5.10.1-127.el6.*'<br>
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, versionlock<br>
Deleting versionlock for: 4:perl-5.10.1-127.el6.*<br>
versionlock deleted: 1<br>
# yum versionlock list<br>
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, versionlock<br>
0:mysql-server-5.1.73-3.el6_5.*<br>
0:mysql-5.1.73-3.el6_5.*<br>
versionlock list done</div>
<p>
<br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>更新perl包</span></p>
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<span><u>复制代码</u></span>
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<p>
代码如下:</p>
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<div class="msgborder" id="phpcode20" style='margin: 0px auto 3px; padding: 0px 3px; outline: none; line-height: 25.2px; font-size: 14px; clear: both; border-right: 1px solid rgb(0, 153, 204); background: rgb(221, 237, 251); overflow: hidden; border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 153, 204); word-break: break-all; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 153, 204); word-wrap: break-word; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";'>
<br>
# yum update -y perl<br>
Updated:<br>
perl.x86_64 4:5.10.1-136.el6 <br>
Complete!</div>
<p>
<br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>更新前后perl版本</span></p>
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<div class="right">
<span><u>复制代码</u></span>
</div>
<p>
代码如下:</p>
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<div class="msgborder" id="phpcode21" style='margin: 0px auto 3px; padding: 0px 3px; outline: none; line-height: 25.2px; font-size: 14px; clear: both; border-right: 1px solid rgb(0, 153, 204); background: rgb(221, 237, 251); overflow: hidden; border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 153, 204); word-break: break-all; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 153, 204); word-wrap: break-word; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";'>
<br>
<br>
# rpm -qa | grep perl<br>
perl-5.10.1-127.el6.x86_64<br>
<br>
# rpm -qa | grep perl<br>
perl-5.10.1-136.el6.x86_64</div>
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</p>
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使用该指令就可以避免误升级软件包到最新版本。特别是在生产环境下的软件包，版本的更新可以有些配置参数不兼容到服务停止，从而影响正常的访问。</p>
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