CentOS 7 yum无法使用的解决方法
<div id="navCategory"><h5 class="catalogue">目录</h5><ul class="first_class_ul"><li>问题原因</li><li>解决方法</li><li>Centos7配置本地Yum源以及网络YUM源保姆级教程<ul class="second_class_ul"><li>一、配置本地yum源</li><li>二、配置网络yum源</li></ul></li></ul></div><p>在centos7中使用yum命令时候报错：</p><p style="text-align:center"><img style="max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important;"alt="" height="780" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/allimg/20250706/2-250F6161930648.png" width="937" /></p>
<p class="maodian"></p><h2>问题原因</h2>
<p>出现这个错误是因为使用的 CentOS 7 仓库已经被归档，当前的镜像地址无法找到所需的文件。CentOS 7 的官方支持已经结束，部分仓库已被移至归档库。这导致了你的 yum 命令无法找到所需的元数据文件。CentOS 7 的官方仓库在 2024 年 6 月 30 日之后已经停止维护。因此，使用最新的 CentOS 7 官方仓库可能会遇到问题。</p>
<p class="maodian"></p><h2>解决方法</h2>
<p>进入/etc/yum.repos.d目录下找到 CentOS-Base.repo</p>
<p>进入目录：</p>
<div class="dxycode"><pre class="brush:bash;">cd /etc/yum.repos.d</pre></div>
<p>先备份下，然后编辑文件</p>
<div class="dxycode"><pre class="brush:bash;">cpCentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base.repo.backup
vi CentOS-Base.repo</pre></div>
<p>修改内容为</p>
<div class="dxycode"><pre class="brush:bash;"># CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
#baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/7.9.2009/x86_64/os/
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/7.9.2009/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#released updates
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
#baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/7.9.2009/x86_64/os/
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/7.9.2009/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#additional packages that may be useful
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras&infra=$infra
#$baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
#baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/7.9.2009/x86_64/os/
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/7.9.2009/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
#baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/7.9.2009/x86_64/os/
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/7.9.2009/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7</pre></div>
<p>保存后执行</p>
<div class="dxycode"><pre class="brush:bash;">sudo yum clean all
sudo yum makecache</pre></div>
<p>等待完成</p>
<div class="dxycode"><pre class="brush:bash;"># sudo yum makecache
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
base | 3.6 kB00:00:00
extras | 2.9 kB00:00:00
updates | 2.9 kB00:00:00
(1/10): base/x86_64/group_gz | 153 kB00:00:00
(2/10): base/x86_64/primary_db | 6.1 MB00:00:01
(3/10): base/x86_64/other_db | 2.6 MB00:00:00
(4/10): extras/x86_64/primary_db | 253 kB00:00:01
(5/10): extras/x86_64/other_db | 154 kB00:00:00
(6/10): updates/x86_64/filelists_db |15 MB00:00:06
(7/10): updates/x86_64/other_db | 1.6 MB00:00:00
(8/10): updates/x86_64/primary_db |27 MB00:00:07
(9/10): base/x86_64/filelists_db | 7.2 MB00:00:17
(10/10): extras/x86_64/filelists_db | 305 kB00:00:16
元数据缓存已建立</pre></div>
<p>然后执行以下命令</p>
<div class="dxycode"><pre class="brush:bash;">curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo</pre></div>
<p>查看文件</p>
<div class="dxycode"><pre class="brush:bash;">cat /etc/yum.repos.d</pre></div>
<p style="text-align:center"><img style="max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important;"alt="" height="961" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/allimg/20250706/2-250F6161931C7.png" width="1114" /></p>
<p>镜像更换成阿里云即可，建议再执行下</p>
<div class="dxycode"><pre class="brush:bash;">sudo yum clean all
sudo yum makecache</pre></div>
<p class="maodian"></p><h2>Centos7配置本地Yum源以及网络YUM源保姆级教程</h2>
<p>在虚拟机没有网络或者网络不稳定的情况下需要配置本地yum源</p>
<p>优点：由于数据从本地获取，下载和安装软件包的速度非常快，完全不需要网络</p>
<p>缺点：软件可能不是最新版，需要手动更新比较麻烦</p>
<p class="maodian"></p><h3>一、配置本地yum源</h3>
<p>首先将centos自带的网络yum源删掉（自带的默认从centos官网下载软件，服务器在国外，非常不稳定）</p>
<div class="dxycode"><pre class="brush:bash;"> # rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*</pre></div>
<p>创建挂载点并挂载镜像</p>
<div class="dxycode"><pre class="brush:bash;"># mkdir /opt/centos
# mount /dev/cdrom /opt/centos/
mount: /dev/sr0 写保护，将以只读方式挂载</pre></div>
<p>创建并编写本地yum源配置文件，编写完成之后wq保存退出</p>
<div class="dxycode"><pre class="brush:bash;"># vi /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo
name=centos # Yum源的名称，用于描述这个源
baseurl=file:///opt/centos# 本地Yum源的位置，指向挂载点目录
gpgcheck=0 # 不进行GPG签名检查
enabled=1 # 启用该Yum源</pre></div>
<p>清除缓存原来的生成新的缓存并列出当前系统中已配置和启用的Yum仓库（repositories）及其状态</p>
<div class="dxycode"><pre class="brush:bash;"># yum clean all
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
正在清理软件源： centos
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
Other repos take up 1.0 G of disk space (use --verbose for details)
# yum makecache
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Determining fastest mirrors
centos | 3.6 kB00:00:00
(1/4): centos/group_gz | 153 kB00:00:00
(2/4): centos/primary_db | 3.3 MB00:00:00
(3/4): centos/other_db | 1.3 MB00:00:00
(4/4): centos/filelists_db | 3.3 MB00:00:00
元数据缓存已建立
# yum repolist
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
源标识 源名称 状态
centos centos 4,070
repolist: 4,070</pre></div>
<p>下载httpd测试一下</p>
<div class="dxycode"><pre class="brush:bash;"># yum install -y httpd
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 httpd.x86_64.0.2.4.6-95.el7.centos 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 httpd-tools = 2.4.6-95.el7.centos，它被软件包 httpd-2.4.6-95.el7.centos.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 /etc/mime.types，它被软件包 httpd-2.4.6-95.el7.centos.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit)，它被软件包 httpd-2.4.6-95.el7.centos.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libapr-1.so.0()(64bit)，它被软件包 httpd-2.4.6-95.el7.centos.x86_64 需要
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 apr.x86_64.0.1.4.8-7.el7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 apr-util.x86_64.0.1.5.2-6.el7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 httpd-tools.x86_64.0.2.4.6-95.el7.centos 将被 安装
---> 软件包 mailcap.noarch.0.2.1.41-2.el7 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
========================================================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
========================================================================================================================
正在安装:
httpd x86_64 2.4.6-95.el7.centos centos 2.7 M
为依赖而安装:
apr x86_64 1.4.8-7.el7 centos 104 k
apr-util x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7 centos 92 k
httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.6-95.el7.centos centos 93 k
mailcap noarch 2.1.41-2.el7 centos 31 k
事务概要
========================================================================================================================
安装1 软件包 (+4 依赖软件包)
总下载量：3.0 M
安装大小：10 M
Downloading packages:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
总计 95 MB/s | 3.0 MB00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在安装 : apr-1.4.8-7.el7.x86_64 1/5
正在安装 : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 2/5
正在安装 : httpd-tools-2.4.6-95.el7.centos.x86_64 3/5
正在安装 : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch 4/5
正在安装 : httpd-2.4.6-95.el7.centos.x86_64 5/5
验证中 : httpd-tools-2.4.6-95.el7.centos.x86_64 1/5
验证中 : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch 2/5
验证中 : apr-1.4.8-7.el7.x86_64 3/5
验证中 : httpd-2.4.6-95.el7.centos.x86_64 4/5
验证中 : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 5/5
已安装:
httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-95.el7.centos
作为依赖被安装:
apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-7.el7 apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-95.el7.centos
mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7
完毕！</pre></div>
<p>下载成功</p>
<p class="maodian"></p><h3>二、配置网络yum源</h3>
<p>优点：软件包和元数据由源服务器自动更新，国内镜像下载速度非常快</p>
<p>缺点：需要稳定的网络连接，网络不稳定或断开时无法使用</p>
<p>首先找到国内的镜像站（我这里以阿里云举例）</p>
<p style="text-align:center"><img style="max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important;"alt="" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/allimg/20250706/2-250F6161931O6.png" /></p>
<p>找到自己的Linux版本（以centos为例）</p>
<p style="text-align:center"><img style="max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important;"alt="" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/allimg/20250706/2-250F6161931Z0.png" /></p>
<p>找到对应的系统版本（我的是7）并且复制这段命令到虚拟机粘贴</p>
<p style="text-align:center"><img style="max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important;"alt="" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/allimg/20250706/2-250F6161931Y0.png" /></p>
<p>同样需要先删除原有的yum仓库</p>
<p>列出当前系统中已配置和启用的Yum仓库（repositories）及其状态</p>
<div class="dxycode"><pre class="brush:bash;"># rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*
# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
--2024-06-09 12:36:26--https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
正在解析主机 mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)... 183.215.53.217, 183.215.53.222, 183.215.53.224, ...
正在连接 mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)|183.215.53.217|:443... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度：2523 (2.5K)
正在保存至: “/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo”
100%[======================================>] 2,523 --.-K/s 用时 0.006s
2024-06-09 12:36:26 (401 KB/s) - 已保存 “/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo” )
# yum repolist
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
源标识 源名称 状态
!base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com 10,072
!extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com 526
!updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com 5,890
repolist: 16,488</pre></div>
<p>可以看到已经保存成功，网络yum源就配置好了</p>
<p>以上就是CentOS 7 yum无法使用解决方法的详细内容，更多相关资料请阅读琼殿技术社区其它文章！</p>
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