python操作MongoDB

糖百酷 發表於 2017-3-12 18:08:00

下载python中MongoDB的驱动程序
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<pre>pip install pymongo</pre>
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然后确保MongoDB已经安装且可以正常运行，去官网下载相应版本：https://www.mongodb.com/
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<pre>mkdir -p /home/tools
cd/home/tools
wget https://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.4.2.tgz</pre>
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解压文件并修改目录名
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<pre> tar -zxvf mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.4.2.tgz
mv mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.4.2 mongodb3.4.2 ln -s mongodb_3.4.2 mongodb</pre>
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MongoDB 的可执行文件位于 bin 目录下，所以可以将其添加到 PATH 路径中
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<pre>export PATH=/home/tools/mongodb/bin:$PATH</pre>
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MongoDB的数据存储在data目录的db目录下，但是这个目录在安装过程不会自动创建，所以你需要手动创建data目录，并在data目录中创建db目录。
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<pre>mkdir -p /data/db</pre>
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在mongo安装目录中的bin目录执行mongod命令来启动mongdb服务
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<pre>./mongod --dbpath /data/db</pre>
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如果想进入MongoDB后台管理
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<pre>./mongo</pre>
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<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># ./mongo
MongoDB shell version v3.4.2
connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017
MongoDB server version: 3.4.2
Welcome to the MongoDB shell.
.....................
times number of files.
2017-03-12T01:15:04.901+0800 I CONTROL
> </pre>
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使用用户 admin 使用密码 123456 连接到本地的 MongoDB 服务上
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<pre>> mongodb://admin:123456@localhost/
... </pre>
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创建数据库（如果数据库不存在，则创建数据库，否则切换到指定数据库）
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<pre>... use test
2017-03-12T01:34:04.361+0800 E QUERY SyntaxError: missing ; before statement @(shell):3:4</pre>
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<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>> use test
switched to db test
> db
test
> show dbs #查看所有数据库
admin0.000GB
local0.000GB</pre>
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python操作mongodb
连接mongodb
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<pre>#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from pymongo import MongoClient

conn = MongoClient('192.168.0.113', 27017)
db = conn.mydb#连接mydb数据库，没有则自动创建
my_set = db.test_set　　#使用test_set集合，没有则自动创建 </pre>
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插入数据（insert插入一个列表多条数据不用遍历，效率高， save需要遍历列表，一个个插入）
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<pre>my_set.insert({"name":"zhangsan","age":18})
#或
my_set.save({"name":"zhangsan","age":18})</pre>
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　　插入多条
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<pre>#添加多条数据到集合中
users=[{"name":"zhangsan","age":18},{"name":"lisi","age":20}]
my_set.insert(users)
#或
my_set.save(users) </pre>
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查询数据（查询不到则返回None）
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<pre>#查询全部
for i in my_set.find():
print(i)
#查询name=zhangsan的
for i in my_set.find({"name":"zhangsan"}):
print(i)
print(my_set.find_one({"name":"zhangsan"}))</pre>
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更新数据
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<pre>my_set.update(
<query>, #查询条件
<update>, #update的对象和一些更新的操作符
 {
upsert: <boolean>, #如果不存在update的记录，是否插入
multi: <boolean>, #可选，mongodb 默认是false,只更新找到的第一条记录
writeConcern: <document> #可选，抛出异常的级别。
 }
)</pre>
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　　把上面插入的数据内的age改为20
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<pre>my_set.update({"name":"zhangsan"},{'$set':{"age":20}})</pre>
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删除数据
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<pre>my_set.remove(
<query>, #（可选）删除的文档的条件
 {
justOne: <boolean>, #（可选）如果设为 true 或 1，则只删除一个文档
writeConcern: <document> #（可选）抛出异常的级别
 }
)</pre>
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<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>#删除name=lisi的全部记录
my_set.remove({'name': 'zhangsan'})

#删除name=lisi的某个id的记录
id = my_set.find_one({"name":"zhangsan"})["_id"]
my_set.remove(id)

#删除集合里的所有记录
db.users.remove()　</pre>
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mongodb的条件操作符
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<pre># (>)大于 - $gt
# (<)小于 - $lt
# (>=)大于等于 - $gte
# (<= )小于等于 - $lte</pre>
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<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>#例：查询集合中age大于25的所有记录
for i in my_set.find({"age":{"$gt":25}}):
print(i)</pre>
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type(判断类型)
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<pre>#找出name的类型是String的
for i in my_set.find({'name':{'$type':2}}):
print(i)</pre>
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类型队对照列表
<div class="cnblogs_code"><img id="code_img_closed_b835b26b-e81c-40be-927e-8d37a5764ac8" class="code_img_closed lazyload" alt="" data-src="http://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif"><img id="code_img_opened_b835b26b-e81c-40be-927e-8d37a5764ac8" class="code_img_opened lazyload" style="display: none" alt="" data-src="http://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif">
<div id="cnblogs_code_open_b835b26b-e81c-40be-927e-8d37a5764ac8" class="cnblogs_code_hide">
<pre>Double 1
String 2
Object 3
Array 4
Binary data 5
Undefined 6 已废弃
Object id 7
Boolean 8
Date 9
Null 10
Regular Expression 11
JavaScript 13
Symbol 14
JavaScript (with scope) 15
32-bit integer 16
Timestamp 17
64-bit integer 18
Min key 255 Query with -1.
Max key 127 </pre>
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View Code</div>
排序
　　在MongoDB中使用sort()方法对数据进行排序，sort()方法可以通过参数指定排序的字段，并使用 1 和 -1 来指定排序的方式，其中 1 为升序，-1为降序。
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<pre>for i in my_set.find().sort([("age",1)]):
print(i)</pre>
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limit和skip
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<pre>#limit()方法用来读取指定数量的数据
#skip()方法用来跳过指定数量的数据
#下面表示跳过两条数据后读取6条
for i in my_set.find().skip(2).limit(6):
print(i)</pre>
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IN
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<pre>#找出age是20、30、35的数据
for i in my_set.find({"age":{"$in":(20,30,35)}}):
print(i)</pre>
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OR
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<pre>#找出age是20或35的记录
for i in my_set.find({"$or":[{"age":20},{"age":35}]}):
print(i)</pre>
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all
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<pre>'''
dic = {"name":"lisi","age":18,"li":}
dic2 = {"name":"zhangsan","age":18,"li":}

my_set.insert(dic)
my_set.insert(dic2)'''
for i in my_set.find({'li':{'$all':}}):
print(i)
#查看是否包含全部条件
#输出：{'_id': ObjectId('58c503b94fc9d44624f7b108'), 'name': 'zhangsan', 'age': 18, 'li': }</pre>
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push/pushAll
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<pre>my_set.update({'name':"lisi"}, {'$push':{'li':4}})
for i in my_set.find({'name':"lisi"}):
print(i)
#输出：{'li': , '_id': ObjectId('58c50d784fc9d44ad8f2e803'), 'age': 18, 'name': 'lisi'}

my_set.update({'name':"lisi"}, {'$pushAll':{'li':}})
for i in my_set.find({'name':"lisi"}):
print(i)
#输出：{'li': , 'name': 'lisi', 'age': 18, '_id': ObjectId('58c50d784fc9d44ad8f2e803')}</pre>
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pop/pull/pullAll
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<pre>#pop
#移除最后一个元素(-1为移除第一个)
my_set.update({'name':"lisi"}, {'$pop':{'li':1}})
for i in my_set.find({'name':"lisi"}):
print(i)
#输出：{'_id': ObjectId('58c50d784fc9d44ad8f2e803'), 'age': 18, 'name': 'lisi', 'li': }

#pull （按值移除）
#移除3
my_set.update({'name':"lisi"}, {'$pop':{'li':3}})

#pullAll （移除全部符合条件的）
my_set.update({'name':"lisi"}, {'$pullAll':{'li':}})
for i in my_set.find({'name':"lisi"}):
print(i)
#输出：{'name': 'lisi', '_id': ObjectId('58c50d784fc9d44ad8f2e803'), 'li': , 'age': 18}</pre>
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多级路径元素操作
　　先插入一条数据
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<pre>dic = {"name":"zhangsan",
 "age":18,
 "contact" : {
 "email" : "1234567@qq.com",
 "iphone" : "11223344"}
 }
my_set.insert(dic)</pre>
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<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>#多级目录用. 连接
for i in my_set.find({"contact.iphone":"11223344"}):
print(i)
#输出：{'name': 'zhangsan', '_id': ObjectId('58c4f99c4fc9d42e0022c3b6'), 'age': 18, 'contact': {'email': '1234567@qq.com', 'iphone': '11223344'}}

result = my_set.find_one({"contact.iphone":"11223344"})
print(result["contact"]["email"])
#输出：1234567@qq.com

#多级路径下修改操作
result = my_set.update({"contact.iphone":"11223344"},{"$set":{"contact.email":"9999999@qq.com"}})
result1 = my_set.find_one({"contact.iphone":"11223344"})
print(result1["contact"]["email"])
#输出：9999999@qq.com</pre>
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 还可以对数组用索引操作
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>dic = {"name":"lisi",
 "age":18,
 "contact" : [
 {
 "email" : "111111@qq.com",
 "iphone" : "111"},
 {
 "email" : "222222@qq.com",
 "iphone" : "222"}
 ]}
my_set.insert(dic)</pre>
</div>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>#查询
result1 = my_set.find_one({"contact.1.iphone":"222"})
print(result1)
#输出：{'age': 18, '_id': ObjectId('58c4ff574fc9d43844423db2'), 'name': 'lisi', 'contact': [{'iphone': '111', 'email': '111111@qq.com'}, {'iphone': '222', 'email': '222222@qq.com'}]}

#修改
result = my_set.update({"contact.1.iphone":"222"},{"$set":{"contact.1.email":"222222@qq.com"}})
print(result1["contact"]["email"])
#输出：222222@qq.com</pre>
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<div class="cnblogs_code"><img id="code_img_closed_8e9a7821-0027-49ca-876c-161ef47d63ca" class="code_img_closed lazyload" alt="" data-src="http://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif"><img id="code_img_opened_8e9a7821-0027-49ca-876c-161ef47d63ca" class="code_img_opened lazyload" style="display: none" alt="" data-src="http://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif">
<div id="cnblogs_code_open_8e9a7821-0027-49ca-876c-161ef47d63ca" class="cnblogs_code_hide">
<pre> 1 #!/usr/bin/env python
 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
 3 from pymongo import MongoClient
 4
 5 settings = {
 6 "ip":'192.168.0.113', #ip
 7 "port":27017, #端口
 8 "db_name" : "mydb", #数据库名字
 9 "set_name" : "test_set" #集合名字
10 }
11
12 class MyMongoDB(object):
13 def __init__(self):
14 try:
15 self.conn = MongoClient(settings["ip"], settings["port"])
16 except Exception as e:
17 print(e)
18 self.db = self.conn]
19 self.my_set = self.db]
20
21 def insert(self,dic):
22 print("inser...")
23 self.my_set.insert(dic)
24
25 def update(self,dic,newdic):
26 print("update...")
27 self.my_set.update(dic,newdic)
28
29 def delete(self,dic):
30 print("delete...")
31 self.my_set.remove(dic)
32
33 def dbfind(self,dic):
34 print("find...")
35 data = self.my_set.find(dic)
36 for result in data:
37 print(result["name"],result["age"])
38
39 def main():
40 dic={"name":"zhangsan","age":18}
41 mongo = MyMongoDB()
42 mongo.insert(dic)
43 mongo.dbfind({"name":"zhangsan"})
44
45 mongo.update({"name":"zhangsan"},{"$set":{"age":"25"}})
46 mongo.dbfind({"name":"zhangsan"})
47
48 mongo.delete({"name":"zhangsan"})
49 mongo.dbfind({"name":"zhangsan"})
50
51 if __name__ == "__main__":
52 main()</pre>
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demo</div>
  
来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/melonjiang/p/6536876.html

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python操作MongoDB