HTML5中的Web Worker技术
<p> 为了让后台程序更好的执行,在HTML5中设计了Web Worker技术。Web Worker的产生主要是考虑到在HTML4中JavaScript Web程序都是以单线程的方式执行的,一旦前面的脚本花费时间过长,后面的程序就会因长期得不到响应而使用户页面操作出现异常。</p><p> Web Worker实现的是线程技术,可以使运行在后台的JavaScript独立于其他脚本,从而不会影响页面的性能。</p>
<p> 示例:</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 1</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)"><!</span><span style="color: rgba(255, 0, 255, 1)">DOCTYPE html</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">></span>
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 2</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)"><</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">html </span><span style="color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 1)">lang</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">="en"</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">></span>
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 3</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)"><</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">head</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">></span>
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 4</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)"><</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">meta </span><span style="color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 1)">charset</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">="UTF-8"</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">></span>
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 5</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)"><</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">meta </span><span style="color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 1)">name</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">="viewport"</span><span style="color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 1)"> content</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">></span>
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 6</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)"><</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">meta </span><span style="color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 1)">http-equiv</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">="X-UA-Compatible"</span><span style="color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 1)"> content</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">="ie=edge"</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">></span>
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 7</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)"><</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">title</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">></span>Document<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)"></</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">title</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">></span>
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 8</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)"></</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">head</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">></span>
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 9</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)"><</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">body</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">></span>
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">10</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)"><</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">div </span><span style="color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 1)">id</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">="num"</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">></</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">div</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">></span>
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">11</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)"><</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">button </span><span style="color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 1)">onclick</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">="startWork()"</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">></span>开始<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)"></</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">button</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">></span>
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">12</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)"><</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">button </span><span style="color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 1)">onclick</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">="stopWork()"</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">></span>停止<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)"></</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">button</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">></span>
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">13</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)"><</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">script</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">></span>
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">14</span> <span style="background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1); color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">var</span><span style="background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> work;
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">15</span>
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">16</span> <span style="background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1); color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">function</span><span style="background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> startWork() {
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">17</span> <span style="background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1); color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">if</span><span style="background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">(</span><span style="background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1); color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">typeof</span><span style="background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">(Worker)</span><span style="background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">!=</span><span style="background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">undefined) {
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">18</span> <span style="background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1); color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">if</span><span style="background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">(work</span><span style="background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">==</span><span style="background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">undefined) {
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">19</span> <span style="background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> work </span><span style="background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">=</span> <span style="background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1); color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">new</span><span style="background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> Worker(</span><span style="background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">"</span><span style="background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">script/01.js</span><span style="background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">"</span><span style="background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">);
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">20</span> <span style="background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> work.onmessage </span><span style="background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">=</span> <span style="background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1); color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">function</span><span style="background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">(event) {
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">21</span> <span style="background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> document.getElementById(</span><span style="background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">"</span><span style="background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">num</span><span style="background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">"</span><span style="background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">).innerHTML </span><span style="background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">=</span><span style="background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> event.data;
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">22</span> <span style="background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> }
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">23</span> <span style="background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> }
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">24</span> <span style="background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> }
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">25</span> <span style="background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> }
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">26</span>
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">27</span> <span style="background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1); color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">function</span><span style="background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> stopWork() {
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">28</span> <span style="background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1); color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">if</span><span style="background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">(work</span><span style="background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">!=</span><span style="background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">undefined) {
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">29</span> <span style="background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> work.terminate();
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">30</span> <span style="background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> }
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">31</span> <span style="background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> }
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">32</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)"></</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">script</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">></span>
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">33</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)"></</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">body</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">></span>
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">34</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)"></</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">html</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">></span></pre>
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<p> </p>
<p>上面的代码引入了一个脚本文script/01.js,代码如下:</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 1</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">var i=0;
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 2</span>
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 3</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">function timeCount() {
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 4</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> i=i+1;
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 5</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> console.log(i);
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 6</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> postMessage(i);
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 7</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> setTimeout("timeCount()",1000);
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 8</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">}
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 9</span>
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">10</span> timeCount();</pre>
</div>
<p> </p>
<p>这个示例实现了一个计数器的功能,点击开始按钮,开始计数,点击停止按钮,停止计数。</p>
<p>下面我来解释一下代码的流程:</p>
<p>网页第17行,检测浏览器是否支持Web Worker技术,主流的浏览器谷歌、火狐都支持,IE只有IE10,IE11,IE Edge支持,低版本的IE不支持</p>
<p>网页第19行,引入js脚本,创建一个Worker对象的实例,并执行js脚本</p>
<p>js脚本第6行,在执行脚本的时候,使用postMessage方法,传递给网页数据</p>
<p>网页第20行,在脚本使用postMessage方法传递数据后,onmessage回调函数会接收传递过来的数据,对该数据进行处理</p>
<p>网页第19行,如果需要停止Worker,使用work.terminate();可以停止正在执行的脚本</p><br><br>
来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/modou/p/10933469.html
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