Node.js的下载与配置
<h2>Node.js</h2><p>node.js是javascript的一种运行环境，npm是nodejs的包管理工具，npm可以将项目依赖的包下载并管理起来。因此，下载npm则需下载nodejs。直接进入node中文网下载node，默认环境变量配置。</p>
<p>http://nodejs.cn/</p>
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<pre><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">检测是否安装node.js</span>
node -v</pre>
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<h3>配置npm全局模块路径和缓存cache路径</h3>
<p>NPM安装的模块并不会安装到NodeJS的程序目录<br>
在nodejs目录下创建两个目录<code>node_cache</code>和<code>node_global</code><br>
<code>node_cache</code>：存放安装过程的缓存文件<br>
<code>node_global</code>：存放安装模块配置位置</p>
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<pre><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">设置npm安装程序时的默认位置</span>
npm config set prefix <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); font-weight: bold">"</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); font-weight: bold">D:\ProgramFiles_QY\nodejs\node_global</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); font-weight: bold">"</span>
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">设置npm安装程序时的缓存位置</span>
npm config set cache <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); font-weight: bold">"</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); font-weight: bold">D:\ProgramFiles_QY\nodejs\node_cache</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); font-weight: bold">"</span></pre>
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<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/i-beta/1208477/202003/1208477-20200310175835549-125012473.png" alt=""></div>
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<div>添加环境变量NODE_PATH为安装目录D:\ProgramFiles_QY\nodejs\路径添加到环境变量PATH中。</div>
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<p>在环境变量PATH加上";D:\ProgramFiles_QY\nodejs\node_global"。【如果不加，后面配置完淘宝镜像后，会出现“cnpm 不是内部或外部命令”的错误！】</p>
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<h3>配置镜像站</h3>
<p>最后可以配置一个国内镜像站提升下载速度，如：</p>
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<pre>npm config set registry=http://registry.npm.taobao.org <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">配置淘宝仓库</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">
npm config get registry </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">检查镜像站</span></pre>
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<h3>升级npm</h3>
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<pre>npm install -<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">g npm
npm </span>-g install npm<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">@版本号</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">升级到指定版本</span></pre>
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<h3>安装cnpm</h3>
<p>使用淘宝镜像仓库安装cnpm。</p>
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<pre>npm install -g cnpm --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org</pre>
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<h3>安装模块</h3>
<p>将npm的全局模块目录和缓存目录配置到我们刚才创建的那两个目录</p>
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<pre>npm install 模块名/包名 -g <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">安装模块/包,-g全局安装,不带-g在当前项目安装</span>
npm uninstall -g 模块名/包名 <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">删除模块</span></pre>
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<p>临时使用某个镜像站安装模块</p>
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<pre><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">使用淘宝镜像站下载cluster模块</span>
npm --registry https://registry.npm.taobao.org install cluster -g</pre>
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<p>在镜像站中搜索安装包</p>
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<pre>npm search 包名</pre>
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<p>查看已安装的包</p>
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<pre>npm list -g<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#-g全局,不带-g查看当前项目已安装的包</span></pre>
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<h3>项目模块管理</h3>
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<pre>npm list <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">列出当前项目已安装模块</span>
<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">
npm show express </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">显示模块详情</span>
<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">
npm update </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">升级当前目录下的项目的所有模块</span>
<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">
npm update express </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">升级当前目录下的项目的指定模块</span>
<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">
npm update </span>-g express<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">升级全局安装的express模块</span>
<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">
npm uninstall express</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">删除当前目录下的项目指定的模块</span></pre>
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<h3>创建模块</h3>
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<pre>npm init <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">会输入各种配置包括git的url及用户名密码</span>
npm publish</pre>
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<p>参考: </p>
<p>https://www.jianshu.com/p/96f2f01a4f3e</p>
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