在一台Linux服务器上安装多个MySQL实例（二）--使用单独的MySQL配置文件
<p>上一篇文章介绍了两种MySQL部署多实例的方法，分别是：</p><ul>
<li>使用官方自带的mysqld_multi来配置管理，特点是使用同一份MySQL配置文件，这种方式属于集中式管理，管理起来较为方便；</li>
<li>使用单独的MySQL配置文件来单独配置实例，这种方式逻辑简单，数据库之间没有关联。</li>
</ul>
<p>两种方法最大的区别在于：使用mysqld_multi方式，所有的实例共使用一个参数文件，使用第二种方法，则各自实例使用自己的参数文件。</p>
<p>第一种方方法已经在第一篇文档里面演示过了，这里学习一下第二种方法。</p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>（一）实验环境</strong></p>
<p>操作系统 ：CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)</p>
<p>数据库版本：5.7.24-log</p>
<p>预计划安装3个MySQL实例，规划信息为：</p>
<table style="width: 900px" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="300"><strong>实例1</strong></td>
<td valign="top" width="300"><strong>实例2</strong></td>
<td valign="top" width="300"><strong>实例3</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="300">
<p>basedir=/usr/local/mysql</p>
<p>datadir=/mysql/3306/data</p>
<p>port=3306</p>
<p>socket=/tmp/mysql_3306.sock</p>
<p>参数文件：/mysql/3306/my.cnf</p>
</td>
<td valign="top" width="300">
<p>basedir=/usr/local/mysql</p>
<p>datadir=/mysql/3307/data</p>
<p>port=3307</p>
<p>socket=/tmp/mysql_3307.sock</p>
<p>参数文件：/mysql/3307/my.cnf</p>
</td>
<td valign="top" width="300">
<p>basedir=/usr/local/mysql</p>
<p>datadir=/mysql/3308/data</p>
<p>port=3308</p>
<p>socket=/tmp/mysql_3308.sock</p>
<p>参数文件：/mysql/3308/my.cnf</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>（二）实验过程</strong></p>
<p>（2.1）在安装MySQL之前，需要卸载服务器自带的MySQL包和MySQL数据库分支mariadb的包</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code" style="padding: 5px; border: 1px solid rgba(204, 204, 204, 1); border-image: none; background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1)">
<pre># rpm -qa|<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">grep</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> mysql
# rpm -qa |<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">grep</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> mariadb
mariadb</span>-libs-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">5.5</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">56</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">2</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">.el7.x86_64
# rpm -e mariadb-libs-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">5.5</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">56</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">2</span>.el7.x86_64 --nodeps</pre>
</div>
<p> </p>
<p>（2.2）依赖包安装</p>
<p>MySQL对libaio 库有依赖性。如果未在本地安装该库，则数据目录初始化和随后的服务器启动步骤将失败</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code" style="padding: 5px; border: 1px solid rgba(204, 204, 204, 1); border-image: none; background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1)"><span style="color: rgba(64, 128, 128, 1)"># install library</span>
<pre><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">
# </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">yum</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">install</span> libaio</pre>
</div>
<p>对于MySQL 5.7.19和更高版本：通用Linux版本中增加了对非统一内存访问（NUMA）的支持，该版本现在对libnuma库具有依赖性 。</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code" style="padding: 5px; border: 1px solid rgba(204, 204, 204, 1); border-image: none; background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1)"><span style="color: rgba(64, 128, 128, 1)"># install library</span>
<pre><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">
# </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">yum</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">install</span> libnuma</pre>
</div>
<p>（2.3）创建用户和用户组</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code" style="padding: 5px; border: 1px solid rgba(204, 204, 204, 1); border-image: none; background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1)">
<pre># groupadd mysql
# useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">false</span> mysql</pre>
</div>
<p> </p>
<p>（2.4）解压安装包</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code" style="padding: 5px; border: 1px solid rgba(204, 204, 204, 1); border-image: none; background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1)">
<pre># cd /usr/local/<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">
# </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">tar</span> xzvf /root/mysql-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">5.7</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">24</span>-linux-glibc2.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">12</span>-x86_64.<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">tar</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">.gz
<span style="color: rgba(64, 128, 128, 1)"># 修改解压文件名，与前面定义的basedir相同</span>
# </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">mv</span> mysql-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">5.7</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">24</span>-linux-glibc2.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">12</span>-x86_64/ mysql</pre>
</div>
<p>最终解压结果如下：</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code" style="padding: 5px; border: 1px solid rgba(204, 204, 204, 1); border-image: none; background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1)">
<pre># <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">ls</span> -<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">l
total </span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">36</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">
drwxr</span>-xr-x<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">2</span> root root <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">4096</span> Mar <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">28</span> <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">13</span>:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">48</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> bin
</span>-rw-r--r--<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">1</span> <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">7161</span> <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">31415</span> <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">17987</span> Oct<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">4</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">2018</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> COPYING
drwxr</span>-xr-x<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">2</span> root root <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">55</span> Mar <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">28</span> <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">13</span>:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">48</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> docs
drwxr</span>-xr-x<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">3</span> root root <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">4096</span> Mar <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">28</span> <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">13</span>:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">48</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> include
drwxr</span>-xr-x<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">5</span> root root <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">230</span> Mar <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">28</span> <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">13</span>:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">48</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> lib
drwxr</span>-xr-x<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">4</span> root root <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">30</span> Mar <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">28</span> <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">13</span>:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">48</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">man</span>
-rw-r--r--<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">1</span> <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">7161</span> <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">31415</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">2478</span> Oct<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">4</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">2018</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> README
drwxr</span>-xr-x <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">28</span> root root <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">4096</span> Mar <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">28</span> <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">13</span>:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">48</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> share
drwxr</span>-xr-x<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">2</span> root root <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">90</span> Mar <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">28</span> <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">13</span>:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">48</span> support-files</pre>
</div>
<pre></pre>
<p>（2.5）创建数据文件存放路径</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code" style="padding: 5px; border: 1px solid rgba(204, 204, 204, 1); border-image: none; background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1)">
<pre># <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">mkdir</span> -p /mysql/{<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">3306</span>,<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">3307</span>,<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">3308</span>,<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">3309</span>}/<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">data
# </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">chown</span> -R mysql:mysql /<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">mysql
# cd </span>/<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">mysql
# tree
.
├── </span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">3306</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">
│ └── data
├── </span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">3307</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">
│ └── data
└── </span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">3308</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">
└── data</span></pre>
</div>
<p> </p>
<p>（2.6）创建MySQL参数配置文件</p>
<p>分别为3306、3307、3308各自创建一个my.cnf配置文件。配置文件位置为：</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code" style="padding: 5px; border: 1px solid rgba(204, 204, 204, 1); border-image: none; background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1)">
<pre># tree /<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">mysql
</span>/<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">mysql
├── </span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">3306</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">
│ ├── data
│ └── my.cnf
├── </span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">3307</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">
│ ├── data
│ └── my.cnf
└── </span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">3308</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">
├── data
└── my.cnf</span></pre>
</div>
<p> </p>
<p>其中，各个实例的配置文件信息如下：</p>
<table style="width: 900px" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="300">实例1（3306）</td>
<td valign="top" width="300">实例2（3307）</td>
<td valign="top" width="300">实例3（3308）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="300">
<div class="cnblogs_code" style="padding: 5px; border: 1px solid rgba(204, 204, 204, 1); border-image: none; background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1)">
<pre><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">
port </span>= <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">3306</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">
basedir</span>=/usr/local/mysql/<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">
datadir</span>=/mysql/<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">3306</span>/<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">data
lower_case_table_names</span>=<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">1</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">
innodb_buffer_pool_size</span>=<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">128M
socket</span>=/tmp/mysql_3306.sock</pre>
</div>
</td>
<td valign="top" width="300">
<div class="cnblogs_code" style="padding: 5px; border: 1px solid rgba(204, 204, 204, 1); border-image: none; background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1)">
<pre><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">
port </span>= <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">3307</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">
basedir</span>=/usr/local/mysql/<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">
datadir</span>=/mysql/<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">3307</span>/<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">data
lower_case_table_names</span>=<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">1</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">
innodb_buffer_pool_size</span>=<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">128M
socket</span>=/tmp/mysql_3307.sock</pre>
</div>
</td>
<td valign="top" width="300">
<div class="cnblogs_code" style="padding: 5px; border: 1px solid rgba(204, 204, 204, 1); border-image: none; background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1)">
<pre><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">
port </span>= <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">3308</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">
basedir</span>=/usr/local/mysql/<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">
datadir</span>=/mysql/<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">3308</span>/<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">data
lower_case_table_names</span>=<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">1</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">
innodb_buffer_pool_size</span>=<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">128M
socket</span>=/tmp/mysql_3308.sock</pre>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p> </p>
<p>（2.7）初始化数据库</p>
<p>需要注意，初始化结束的最后一行记录了root的密码</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code" style="padding: 5px; border: 1px solid rgba(204, 204, 204, 1); border-image: none; background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1)">
<pre><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"><span style="color: rgba(64, 128, 128, 1)"># 初始化3306数据库</span>
# </span>/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">file</span>=/mysql/<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">3306</span>/my.cnf --initialize --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/mysql/<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">3306</span>/<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">data
</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">2020</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">03</span>-28T08:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">19</span>:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">11</span>.202256Z <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span> TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">for</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">more</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> details).
</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">2020</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">03</span>-28T08:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">19</span>:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">11</span>.352108Z <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span> InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">45790</span>
<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">2020</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">03</span>-28T08:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">19</span>:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">11</span>.383671Z <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">2020</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">03</span>-28T08:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">19</span>:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">11</span>.441325Z <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span> No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">time</span> that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: cdab4062-70<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">cc</span>-11ea-aedf-<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">000c29ea7752.
</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">2020</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">03</span>-28T08:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">19</span>:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">11</span>.442190Z <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span> Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">mysql.gtid_executed</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> cannot be opened.
</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">2020</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">03</span>-28T08:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">19</span>:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">11</span>.442995Z <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">1</span> A temporary password is generated <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">for</span> root@localhost: </pre>
<span style="background-color: rgba(204, 204, 204, 1)">XE4kl>x4fo?</span>
<pre><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"><span style="background-color: rgba(204, 204, 204, 1)">v</span>
<span style="color: rgba(64, 128, 128, 1)"># 初始化3307数据库</span>
# </span>/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">file</span>=/mysql/<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">3307</span>/my.cnf --initialize --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/mysql/<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">3307</span>/<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">data
</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">2020</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">03</span>-28T08:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">19</span>:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">21</span>.704008Z <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span> TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">for</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">more</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> details).
</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">2020</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">03</span>-28T08:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">19</span>:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">21</span>.846567Z <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span> InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">45790</span>
<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">2020</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">03</span>-28T08:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">19</span>:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">21</span>.877435Z <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">2020</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">03</span>-28T08:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">19</span>:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">21</span>.934698Z <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span> No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">time</span> that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: d3ec69cd-70<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">cc</span>-11ea-b101-<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">000c29ea7752.
</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">2020</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">03</span>-28T08:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">19</span>:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">21</span>.935421Z <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span> Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">mysql.gtid_executed</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> cannot be opened.
</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">2020</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">03</span>-28T08:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">19</span>:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">21</span>.937056Z <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">1</span> A temporary password is generated <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">for</span> root@localhost: </pre>
<span style="background-color: rgba(204, 204, 204, 1)">3Oir)9uX2?<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">su</span></span>
<pre><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">
<span style="color: rgba(64, 128, 128, 1)"># 初始化3308数据库</span>
# </span>/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">file</span>=/mysql/<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">3308</span>/my.cnf --initialize --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/mysql/<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">3308</span>/<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">data
</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">2020</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">03</span>-28T08:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">20</span>:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">04</span>.342747Z <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span> TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">for</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">more</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> details).
</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">2020</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">03</span>-28T08:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">20</span>:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">04</span>.488694Z <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span> InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">45790</span>
<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">2020</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">03</span>-28T08:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">20</span>:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">04</span>.519974Z <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">2020</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">03</span>-28T08:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">20</span>:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">04</span>.579649Z <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span> No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">time</span> that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: ed57843b-70<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">cc</span>-11ea-b206-<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">000c29ea7752.
</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">2020</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">03</span>-28T08:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">20</span>:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">04</span>.580544Z <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span> Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">mysql.gtid_executed</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> cannot be opened.
</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">2020</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">03</span>-28T08:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">20</span>:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">04</span>.581480Z <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">1</span> A temporary password is generated <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">for</span> root@localhost: </pre>
<span style="background-color: rgba(204, 204, 204, 1)">NhwFZv6i!UfZ</span></div>
<p> </p>
<p>（2.8）设置环境变量</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code" style="padding: 5px; border: 1px solid rgba(204, 204, 204, 1); border-image: none; background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1)">
<pre># vim /etc/<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">profile
<span style="color: rgba(64, 128, 128, 1)"># 在文件末尾添加下面信息</span>
export PATH</span>=/usr/local/mysql/<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">bin:$PATH
<span style="color: rgba(64, 128, 128, 1)">#使环境变量生效</span>
# source </span>/etc/profile</pre>
</div>
<p> </p>
<p>（2.9）启动数据库</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code" style="padding: 5px; border: 1px solid rgba(204, 204, 204, 1); border-image: none; background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1)">
<pre><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"><span style="color: rgba(64, 128, 128, 1)"># 经过测试，mysql在初始化的时候新生成的部分文件权限为root,所以最好在启动之前重新将datadir路径授权给mysql</span>
# </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">chown</span> -R mysql:mysql /<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">mysql
<span style="color: rgba(64, 128, 128, 1)"># 启动MySQL数据库实例</span>
# nohup </span>/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">file</span>=/mysql/<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">3306</span>/my.cnf --user=mysql &<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">
# nohup </span>/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">file</span>=/mysql/<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">3307</span>/my.cnf --user=mysql &<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">
# nohup </span>/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">file</span>=/mysql/<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">3308</span>/my.cnf --user=mysql &</pre>
</div>
<p> </p>
<p>（2.10）确认MySQL数据库状况</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code" style="padding: 5px; border: 1px solid rgba(204, 204, 204, 1); border-image: none; background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 1)">
<pre><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"><span style="color: rgba(64, 128, 128, 1)"># 确认MySQL进程</span>
# <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">ps</span> -ef|<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">grep</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> mysql
mysql </span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">11092</span> <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">1371</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span> <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">16</span>:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">36</span> pts/<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span> <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">00</span>:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">00</span>:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">00</span> /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">file</span>=/mysql/<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">3307</span>/my.cnf --user=<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">mysql
mysql </span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">11146</span> <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">1371</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span> <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">16</span>:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">36</span> pts/<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span> <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">00</span>:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">00</span>:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">00</span> /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">file</span>=/mysql/<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">3308</span>/my.cnf --user=<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">mysql
mysql </span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">11182</span> <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">1371</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">7</span> <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">16</span>:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">37</span> pts/<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span> <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">00</span>:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">00</span>:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">00</span> /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">file</span>=/mysql/<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">3306</span>/my.cnf --user=<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">mysql
root </span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">11211</span> <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">1371</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span> <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">16</span>:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">37</span> pts/<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span> <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">00</span>:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">00</span>:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">00</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">grep</span> --color=<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">auto mysql
<span style="color: rgba(64, 128, 128, 1)"># 确认端口使用情况</span>
# netstat -<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">ntl
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv</span>-Q Send-<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp </span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span> <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span> <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0.0</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0.0</span>:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">22</span> <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0.0</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0.0</span>:*<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> LISTEN
tcp </span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span> <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span> <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">127.0</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0.1</span>:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">25</span> <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0.0</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0.0</span>:*<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> LISTEN
tcp6 </span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span> <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span> :::<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">3307</span> :::*<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> LISTEN
tcp6 </span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span> <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span> :::<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">3308</span> :::*<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> LISTEN
tcp6 </span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span> <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span> :::<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">22</span> :::*<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> LISTEN
tcp6 </span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span> <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span> ::<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">1</span>:<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">25</span> :::*<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> LISTEN
tcp6 </span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span> <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span> :::<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">3306</span> :::* LISTEN</pre>
</div>
<p> </p>
<p>【完】</p>
<p> </p>
<table style="width: 800px" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2">
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<p><strong>相关文档集合：</strong></p>
<p>1.在一台Linux服务器上安装多个MySQL实例（一）--使用mysqld_multi方式</p>
<p><strong>2.在一台Linux服务器上安装多个MySQL实例（二）--使用单独的MySQL配置文件</strong></p>
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来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/lijiaman/p/12588095.html
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