阿明哥 發表於 2020-7-9 01:16:00

在Linux云服务器上安装MySQL

<p><span style="font-size: 16px">MySQL是目前主流的数据库之一，且免费使用，所以适合中小企业或者是开发者使用，本文简单介绍一下在不同的Linux发行版本下的安装方法。</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3><span style="text-decoration: underline">Debian 9.0 （默认安装MariaDB）</span></h3>
<p><span style="font-size: 16px">在Ubuntu和Debian系统中都包含了APT（Advanced Packaging Tool），这是Debian GNU/Linux distribution及其变体版本中与核心库处理软件的安装和卸载的工具。</span></p>
<p><strong><span style="font-size: 14px">1. 对apt-get进行更新</span></strong></p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># apt-get update</pre>
</div>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>2.&nbsp;装MySQL服务器</strong></p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># apt-get <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">install</span> mysql-server</pre>
</div>
<p><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1660583/202007/1660583-20200709003311273-1209980173.png" alt="" loading="lazy" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"></p>
<p><em>* 如果在下载依赖包的时候比较慢，可以还成较近的源，国内服务器的可以使用阿里云或者中科大的源，具体换源可以参考其他文章。</em></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>3. 安装完成后，MySQL服务将自动启动，检查是否正常启动</strong></p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># systemctl status mysql</pre>
</div>
<p><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1660583/202007/1660583-20200709004237946-1334793175.png" alt="" loading="lazy" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>4.&nbsp;确认MySQL服务正在运行后，需要设置MySQL服务的根密码，这可以通过运行内置的MySQL安全脚本命令来完成</strong></p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># mysql_secure_installation</pre>
</div>
<p>首次运行需要是提示输入密码，默认为空，按回车即可。</p>
<p><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1660583/202007/1660583-20200709004410061-41386507.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>按照提示键入“y”键并回车，输入新密码并重复确认。</p>
<p><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1660583/202007/1660583-20200709004905032-150095537.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>询问是否删除默认匿名用户，键入“y”后回车。</p>
<p><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1660583/202007/1660583-20200709005115047-1939198467.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>询问是否禁止远程root登陆，这里若需要远程连接数据库可选择“n”，否则键入“y”。</p>
<p><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1660583/202007/1660583-20200709005242284-2126720081.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>询问是否删除“test”数据库，一般删除即可。</p>
<p><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1660583/202007/1660583-20200709005548072-1682658321.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>询问是否刷新权限，键入“y”。</p>
<p><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1660583/202007/1660583-20200709005638443-1014873657.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>设置完毕。</p>
<p><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1660583/202007/1660583-20200709005708215-849208698.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>5.&nbsp;通过以root用户身份登录来测试MySQL服务</strong></p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># mysql</pre>
</div>
<p><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1660583/202007/1660583-20200709010451936-284142850.png" alt="" loading="lazy" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>6. 具体配置信息可以在配置文件“my.cnf”中修改，实际应用中，请按硬件及负载酌情修改。</strong></p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># vi /etc/mysql/my.cnf</pre>
</div>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3><span style="text-decoration: underline">Ubuntu 18.04</span></h3>
<p><span style="font-size: 16px">Ubuntu和Debian类似，都属于Debian GNU/Linux系列，这里也简单介绍一下。</span></p>
<p><strong>1.&nbsp;更新APT软件包存储库索引</strong></p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">sudo</span> apt update</pre>
</div>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>2.&nbsp;安装MySQL服务器</strong></p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">sudo</span> apt <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">install</span> mysql-server</pre>
</div>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>3. 安装完成后，MySQL服务将自动启动，检查是否正常启动</strong></p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">sudo</span> systemctl status mysql</pre>
</div>
<p><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1660583/202007/1660583-20200709024204237-1057490865.png" alt="" loading="lazy" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>4.&nbsp;确认MySQL服务正在运行后，需要设置MySQL服务的根密码，这可以通过运行内置的MySQL安全脚本命令来完成</strong></p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># mysql_secure_installation</pre>
</div>
<p>首次运行会<span>提示配置VALIDATE PASSWORD PLUGIN，用于测试MySQL用户密码的强度并提高安全性，可</span><span>按ENTER跳过此步骤。</span>之后所有选择可参考上文<strong>Debian安装中的第4步</strong>，为了安全建议所有都键入“y”。显示 “All done!” 表示设置完成。</p>
<p><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1660583/202007/1660583-20200709024358116-1325317884.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>5.&nbsp;通过以root用户身份登录来测试MySQL服务</strong></p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">sudo</span> mysql</pre>
</div>
<p>显示以下输出，确认已成功安装MySQL服务。</p>
<p><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1660583/202007/1660583-20200709024950507-1174266587.png" alt="" loading="lazy" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3><span style="text-decoration: underline">CentOS 8</span></h3>
<p><span style="font-size: 16px">CentOS要安装MySQL，需要使用RPM安装。<br></span></p>
<p><strong>1.&nbsp;从MySQL社区Yum Repository下载所需MySQL版本的RPM（https://dev.mysql.com/）</strong></p>
<p>这里以8.0版本为例进行安装：</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># rpm -ivh https:<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">repo.mysql.com</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">mysql80-community-release-el8-1.noarch.rpmdev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el8-1.noarch.rpm</span></pre>
</div>
<p><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1660583/202007/1660583-20200710163126556-1221185040.png" alt="" loading="lazy" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>2. 使用以下命令启用MySQL</strong></p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># yum repolist all | grep mysql | grep enabled</pre>
</div>
<p><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1660583/202007/1660583-20200710163247530-84095559.png" alt="" loading="lazy" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>3. 开始安装MySQL</strong></p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># yum --disablerepo=AppStream install -y mysql-community-server</pre>
</div>
<p>当出现“Complete!”时，则表示安装完毕。</p>
<p><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1660583/202007/1660583-20200710163613496-1607688032.png" alt="" loading="lazy" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>4. 启动MySQL，并验证是否已启动</strong></p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"># systemctl start mysqld
# systemctl status mysqld</span></pre>
</div>
<p><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1660583/202007/1660583-20200710163720370-788409052.png" alt="" loading="lazy" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>5.&nbsp;确认MySQL服务正在运行后，以<code>root password</code>为MySQL服务设置。这可以使用内置的MySQL安全脚本来完成</strong></p>
<p>先获取默认的root密码：</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># grep <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">temporary password</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span> /<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">var</span>/log/mysqld.log</pre>
</div>
<p><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1660583/202007/1660583-20200710164042650-21771792.png" alt="" loading="lazy" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>6.&nbsp;获取默认密码后，运行MySQL安全脚本</strong></p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># mysql_secure_installation</pre>
</div>
<p>系统会提示输入密码，输入后需要输入新的密码。修改后会有一系列的安全问题，建议键入“y”，可以保证MySQL的安全性。出现“All done!”表示设置完毕。</p>
<p><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1660583/202007/1660583-20200710164155311-1251436409.png" alt="" loading="lazy" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;7. 测试MySQL服务</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># mysqladmin -u root -p version</pre>
</div>
<p><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1660583/202007/1660583-20200710164745215-543456269.png" alt="" loading="lazy" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3>CentOS 6/7</h3>
<p>同样，默认情况下，使用yum安装时，将默认安装MariaDB。要安装MySQL，您将需要使用RPM安装方法</p>
<p><strong>1.&nbsp;从MySQL社区Yum Repository下载所需MySQL版本的RPM（https://dev.mysql.com/）</strong></p>
<p>这里以5.7版本为例进行安装</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># wgethttps:<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm</span></pre>
</div>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>2.&nbsp;安装RPM软件包</strong></p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">9</span>.noarch.rpm</pre>
</div>
<p><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1660583/202007/1660583-20200710171307488-642293812.png" alt="" loading="lazy" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>3. 开始安装MySQL</strong></p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># yum install mysql-server</pre>
</div>
<p>当出现“Complete!”时，则表示安装完毕。</p>
<p><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1660583/202007/1660583-20200710172029099-657537826.png" alt="" loading="lazy" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>4. 启动MySQL，并验证是否已启动</strong></p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre><span># systemctl start mysqld
# systemctl status mysqld</span></pre>
</div>
<p><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1660583/202007/1660583-20200710172148117-642097180.png" alt="" loading="lazy" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>5.&nbsp;确认MySQL服务正在运行后，以<code>root password</code>为MySQL服务设置。这可以使用内置的MySQL安全脚本来完成</strong></p>
<p>先获取默认的root密码：</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log</pre>
</div>
<p><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1660583/202007/1660583-20200710172231972-2043997775.png" alt="" loading="lazy" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>6.&nbsp;获取默认密码后，运行MySQL安全脚本</strong></p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># mysql_secure_installation</pre>
</div>
<p>系统会提示输入密码，输入后需要输入新的密码。修改后会有一系列的安全问题，建议键入“y”，可以保证MySQL的安全性。出现“All done!”表示设置完毕。</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>7. 测试MySQL服务</strong></p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># mysqladmin -u root -p version</pre>
</div>
<p><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1660583/202007/1660583-20200710172506720-1321684067.png" alt="" loading="lazy" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p><br><br>
来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/shenyuanfeng/p/13270251.html
頁: [1]
查看完整版本: 在Linux云服务器上安装MySQL