Linux （九）服务器环境搭建

力星發表於 2019-10-23 16:23:00

<h3>个人博客网：https://wushaopei.github.io/    (你想要这里多有)</h3>
<h2>一、行为守则</h2>
<h3>1、拍摄快照</h3>
<blockquote>
Linux系统操作非常复杂，搭建开发环境时全部使用命令完成安装过程。而在Linux系统下没有像360安全卫士那样的工具，无法让我们在安装出错后卸载干净。所以建议大家在执行安装过程的每一步时都拍摄快照，保存系统当前状态，一旦安装失败就可以恢复到之前的某个快照重新开始。
</blockquote>
<h3>2、系统文件操作前先备份</h3>
在服务器环境安装过程中经常需要修改配置文件。而Linux环境下配置文件动辄几百、上千行，而且需要在多处进行配置。一旦修改错误想要纠正会很困难。所以要养成一个好习惯：修改配置文件之前先进行备份。
<h2>二、JDK、Tomcat的安装</h2>
<h3>1、概述</h3>
<blockquote>
这几个程序其实不需要“安装”，仅仅是解压后直接配置环境变量即可。
</blockquote>
<h3>2、解压</h3>
<blockquote>
tar -zxvf [压缩包文件名]
</blockquote>
<h3>3、配置环境变量</h3>
在/etc/profile文件的末尾加入如下内容
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JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.8.0_121
PATH=/opt/jdk1.8.0_121/bin:$PATH
export JAVA_HOME PATH
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<blockquote>
“:”是多个值之间的分隔符
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
“$”用来引用环境变量。
“:$PATH”表示把系统原有的PATH环境变量的值追加进来以免我们设置的值覆盖系统默认值
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
“export”表示发布新配置的环境变量
</blockquote>
<h3>4、使用source命令使上面配置生效</h3>
<blockquote>
source /etc/profile
</blockquote>
 
<h2>三、MySQL的RPM安装</h2>
<h3>1、RPM说明</h3>
RPM是RedHat Package Manager的缩写，相当于Windows系统中的*.exe安装程序。很多应用程序提供了RPM安装包。
<h3>2、RPM命令主要用法</h3>
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卸载软件
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rpm -e [软件包名]
</td>
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<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 260.55pt">
安装软件
</td>
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rpm -ivh [软件包名]
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在卸载过程中忽略依赖关系
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rpm -e --nodeps
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在安装过程中忽略依赖关系
</td>
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rpm -ivh --nodeps
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<h3>3、上传MySQL的RPM包</h3>
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rpm文件上传时需要以“二进制”形式上传。
如果使用文本形式上传，上传过程中会被重新编码，程序将不能正常工作。
不解压！
<h3>4、安装过程</h3>
<blockquote>
①拍摄快照
②卸载Linux系统中已经安装的一个会导致冲突的软件包
rpm -e --nodeps mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64（CentOS6）
rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64（CentOS7）
※注意：这个要卸载的软件包在CentOS6和CentOS7中不一样，要看具体冲突的是哪一个。
③执行MySQL服务器端程序的安装
rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.5.52-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
④查看MySQL服务器端程序创建的系统用户和用户组
# id mysql
⑤安装MySQL客户端
rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.5.52-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
 
# mysqladmin --version
mysqladmin  Ver 8.42 Distrib 5.5.52, for Linux on x86_64
⑥启动MySQL服务
# systemctl start mysql.service
 
# netstat -anp|grep 3306
⑦调用mysqladmin程序给MySQL服务器设置root账号的密码
# mysqladmin -u root password
New password:
Confirm new password:
⑧登录MySQL服务器
# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.52 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
</blockquote>
 
<blockquote>
补充：修改MySQL服务器访问权限
第一步：登录MySQL服务器
第二步：use mysql;
第三步：查看user表部分内容
mysql> select host,user,password from user;
+--------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
 host          user  password                                  
+--------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
 localhost     root  81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B
 computer_user  root                                            
 127.0.0.1     root                                            
 1           root                                            
 localhost                                                     
 computer_user                                                 
+--------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
第四步：插入特定数据
insert into user(host,user,password) values('%','root','81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B');
第五步：再次查看user表内容
mysql> select host,user,password from user;
+--------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
 host          user  password                                  
+--------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
 localhost     root  81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B
 computer0325  root                                            
 127.0.0.1     root                                            
 1           root                                            
 localhost                                                     
 computer0325                                                  
 %             root  81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B
+--------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
第六步：为root@%授权
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'root' WITH GRANT OPTION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
第七步：退出MySQL
mysql exit;
Bye
第八步：重启MySQL服务
service mysql restart;
或
systemctl restart mysql.service
</blockquote>
 
<h2>四、Linux网络连通状态确认</h2>
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<h3>1、VMWare服务需要是运行状态</h3>
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<h3>2、Windows系统中需要有VMWare的虚拟网卡</h3>
<span class="cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_image cke_image_nocaption cke_widget_selected" data-cke-widget-wrapper="1" data-cke-filter="off" data-cke-display-name="图像" data-cke-widget-id="6"><img class="has cke_widget_element lazyload" alt="" width="422" height="205" src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190429231649487.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjQwNTY3MA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" data-cke-widget-data="{&quot;hasCaption&quot;:false,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190429231649487.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjQwNTY3MA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;422&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:&quot;205&quot;,&quot;lock&quot;:true,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;classes&quot;:{&quot;has&quot;:1}}" data-cke-widget-upcasted="1" data-cke-widget-keep-attr="0" data-widget="image" data-src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190429231649487.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjQwNTY3MA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70"><span class="cke_reset cke_widget_drag_handler_container" style="background: url("https://csdnimg.cn/release/blog_editor_html/release1.4.6/ckeditor/plugins/widget/images/handle.png") rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5)"><img class="cke_reset cke_widget_drag_handler lazyload" title="点击并拖拽以移动" alt="" width="15" height="15" data-cke-widget-drag-handler="1" data-src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==">
<blockquote>
如果没有：则在VMWare软件的虚拟网络编辑器中点“恢复默认设置”。但是注意：恢复默认设置以后网段值会变化，Linux中的IP需要重新设置。
</blockquote>
<h3>3、Windows系统中有虚拟网卡对应的虚拟网络连接</h3>
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<blockquote>
如果没有：则在VMWare软件的虚拟网络编辑器中点“恢复默认设置”。但是注意：恢复默认设置以后网段值会变化，Linux中的IP需要重新设置。
</blockquote>
<h3>4、虚拟网络连接需要和Linux IP地址在同一个网段</h3>
在Windows系统中打开cmd命令行，运行ipconfig命令
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<blockquote>
如果没有：则在VMWare软件的虚拟网络编辑器中点“恢复默认设置”。但是注意：恢复默认设置以后网段值会变化，Linux中的IP需要重新设置。
</blockquote>
<h3>5、确认当前Linux虚拟机的网卡是NAT模式</h3>
<span class="cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_image cke_image_nocaption cke_widget_selected" data-cke-widget-wrapper="1" data-cke-filter="off" data-cke-display-name="图像" data-cke-widget-id="2"><img class="has cke_widget_element lazyload" alt="" width="642" height="293" src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190429231857222.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjQwNTY3MA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" data-cke-widget-data="{&quot;hasCaption&quot;:false,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190429231857222.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjQwNTY3MA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;642&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:&quot;293&quot;,&quot;lock&quot;:true,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;classes&quot;:{&quot;has&quot;:1}}" data-cke-widget-upcasted="1" data-cke-widget-keep-attr="0" data-widget="image" data-src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190429231857222.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjQwNTY3MA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70"><span class="cke_reset cke_widget_drag_handler_container" style="background: url("https://csdnimg.cn/release/blog_editor_html/release1.4.6/ckeditor/plugins/widget/images/handle.png") rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5)"><img class="cke_reset cke_widget_drag_handler lazyload" title="点击并拖拽以移动" alt="" width="15" height="15" data-cke-widget-drag-handler="1" data-src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==">
<h3>6、Linux系统中配置IP地址的配置文件</h3>
所在目录：/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
<blockquote>
CentOS6文件名：ifcfg-eth0
CentOS7文件名：ifcfg-ens33
</blockquote>
<span class="cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_image cke_image_nocaption cke_widget_selected" data-cke-widget-wrapper="1" data-cke-filter="off" data-cke-display-name="图像" data-cke-widget-id="1"><img class="has cke_widget_element lazyload" alt="" width="579" height="378" src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2019042923193677.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjQwNTY3MA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" data-cke-widget-data="{&quot;hasCaption&quot;:false,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2019042923193677.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjQwNTY3MA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;579&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:&quot;378&quot;,&quot;lock&quot;:true,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;classes&quot;:{&quot;has&quot;:1}}" data-cke-widget-upcasted="1" data-cke-widget-keep-attr="0" data-widget="image" data-src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2019042923193677.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjQwNTY3MA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70"><span class="cke_reset cke_widget_drag_handler_container" style="background: url("https://csdnimg.cn/release/blog_editor_html/release1.4.6/ckeditor/plugins/widget/images/handle.png") rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5)"><img class="cke_reset cke_widget_drag_handler lazyload" title="点击并拖拽以移动" alt="" width="15" height="15" data-cke-widget-drag-handler="1" data-src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==">
 
<blockquote>
IP地址有效范围：3~255
IP地址建议使用范围：128~254
</blockquote>
 
查看网关地址方式：
<span class="cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_image cke_image_nocaption cke_widget_selected" data-cke-widget-wrapper="1" data-cke-filter="off" data-cke-display-name="图像" data-cke-widget-id="0"><img class="has cke_widget_element lazyload" alt="" width="653" height="582" src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190429232000464.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjQwNTY3MA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" data-cke-widget-data="{&quot;hasCaption&quot;:false,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190429232000464.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjQwNTY3MA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;653&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:&quot;582&quot;,&quot;lock&quot;:true,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;classes&quot;:{&quot;has&quot;:1}}" data-cke-widget-upcasted="1" data-cke-widget-keep-attr="0" data-widget="image" data-src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190429232000464.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjQwNTY3MA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70"><span class="cke_reset cke_widget_drag_handler_container" style="background: url("https://csdnimg.cn/release/blog_editor_html/release1.4.6/ckeditor/plugins/widget/images/handle.png") rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5)"><img class="cke_reset cke_widget_drag_handler lazyload" title="点击并拖拽以移动" alt="" width="15" height="15" data-cke-widget-drag-handler="1" data-src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==">
 
DNS1也需要配置，可以使用和网关一样的值。
 
修改配置文件后要重启网络服务
<blockquote>
CentOS6：service network restart
CentOS7：systemctl restart network.service
</blockquote>
<h3>7、验证</h3>
<blockquote>
Linux：使用ifconfig命令查看IP地址是否正确
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Windows：查看ping Linux是否ping通
Linux：ping www.baidu.com -c 3看是否能ping通
</blockquote>
如果某些程序还是访问不了服务器，则查看是否关闭了防火墙 
来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/wushaopei/p/11726998.html

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Linux （九）服务器环境搭建