Linux服务器Oracle11G安装详细教程（附Oracle11g安装程序）

雅玩团小宝 發表於 2022-9-9 09:56:00

Linux服务器Oracle11G安装详细教程（附Oracle11g安装程序）

<div>
<ul>
<li>首先我们使用工具连接到Linux服务器，配置可视化图形界面</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>--安装图形输出依赖包
# yum install -y libXft
# yum install -y libXtst
# yum install -y xorg-x11-xauth
# yum install -y kde-l10n-Chinese
# yum install -y liberation-fonts-common
# yum install -y cjkuni-uming-fonts
# yum install -y xhost
# yum install -y xorg-x11-apps

--配置输出图形的地址为本机（操作服务器的电脑）的IP地址
# export DISPLAY=172.20.10.2:0.0
# echo $DISPLAY
172.20.10.2:0.0
# xhost +
access control disabled, clients can connect from any host
# xclock
Warning: Missing charsets in String to FontSet conversion</pre>
</div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>能够输出时钟则配置成功</li>
</ul>
</div>
<img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/2563125/202209/2563125-20220909092745583-622521383.png" alt="" loading="lazy">
<ul>
<li>我们开始检查依赖包是否安装</li>
</ul>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>--安装依赖包（下面代码是一个整体）
yum -y install binutils \
compat-libstdc++-33 \
elfutils-libelf \
elfutils-libelf-devel \
expat \
gcc \
gcc-c++ \
glibc \
glibc-common \
glibc-devel \
glibc-headers \
libaio \
libaio-devel \
libgcc \
libstdc++ \
libstdc++-devel \
make \
pdksh \
sysstat \
unixODBC \
unixODBC-devel

--检查依赖包安装情况（下面代码是一个整体）
rpm -q \
binutils \
compat-libstdc++-33 \
elfutils-libelf \
elfutils-libelf-devel \
expat \
gcc \
gcc-c++ \
glibc \
glibc-common \
glibc-devel \
glibc-headers \
libaio \
libaio-devel \
libgcc \
libstdc++ \
libstdc++-devel \
make \
pdksh \
sysstat \
unixODBC \
unixODBC-devel

--下面是输出结果；发现我们有2个包没有安装
binutils-2.27-34.base.el7.x86_64
未安装软件包 compat-libstdc++-33
elfutils-libelf-0.172-2.el7.x86_64
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.172-2.el7.x86_64
expat-2.1.0-10.el7_3.x86_64
gcc-4.8.5-36.el7.x86_64
gcc-c++-4.8.5-36.el7.x86_64
glibc-2.17-260.el7.x86_64
glibc-common-2.17-260.el7.x86_64
glibc-devel-2.17-260.el7.x86_64
glibc-headers-2.17-260.el7.x86_64
libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64
libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64
libgcc-4.8.5-36.el7.x86_64
libstdc++-4.8.5-36.el7.x86_64
libstdc++-devel-4.8.5-36.el7.x86_64
make-3.82-23.el7.x86_64
未安装软件包 pdksh
sysstat-10.1.5-17.el7.x86_64
unixODBC-2.3.1-11.el7.x86_64
unixODBC-devel-2.3.1-11.el7.x86_64</pre>
</div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>下载我们没有的依赖包，然后传到服务器上，其他依赖包请自行百度下载（楼主缺少的2个依赖包compat-libstdc++-33与pdksh）</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>--安装我们传到服务器的这2个依赖包
# ll
总用量 118488
-rw-r--r--.1 root root 195388 5月 1 15:55 compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--.1 root root 210877 5月 1 15:55 pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm

# rpm -ivh compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64.rpm
警告：compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
准备中... ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
1:compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7 ################################# [100%]

# rpm -ivh pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm
警告：pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID e8562897: NOKEY
准备中... ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
1:pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1 ################################# [100%]</pre>
</div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>如果要安装Oracle数据库，则需要以下本地操作系统组和用户：</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>Oracle inventory组(通常为 oinstall)</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>OSDBA组 (通常为 dba)</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>Oracle软件所有者(通常为 oracle)</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>$# groupadd oinstall
$# groupadd dba
$# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle

--查看oracle用户是否创建成功
$# id oracle
uid=1000(oracle) gid=1000(oinstall) 组=1000(oinstall),1001(dba)

--给oracle用户创建密码
$# passwd oracle
更改用户 oracle 的密码。
新的密码：
重新输入新的密码：
passwd：所有的身份验证令牌已经成功更新</pre>
</div>
<ul>
<li>创建数据库安装目录</li>
</ul>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># mkdir -p /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
# mkdir /opt/oracle/oradata
# mkdir /opt/oracle/oraInventory
# mkdir /opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area
# chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/oracle
# chmod -R 775 /opt/oracle</pre>
</div>
<ul>
<li>将oracle用户加入到sudo群组中</li>
</ul>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># vi /etc/sudoers
--输入上面的命令后，打开sudoers文件进行编辑
--找到root ALL=(ALL) ALL这行，并且在底下再加入以下命令：
oracle ALL=(ALL) ALL</pre>
</div>
<ul>
<li>修改内核参数</li>
</ul>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>--关闭selinux
# vi /etc/selinux/config
修改：SELINUX=disabled

--关闭防火墙
#停止服务|firewall
# systemctl stop firewalld.service
#禁止firewall开机启动
# systemctl disable firewalld.service

--修改/etc/hosts文件
# vi /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
--在最后加入本机IP与主机名
192.168.31.128 yanshi

--修改内核参数
# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
--添加以下内容
kernel.shmall = 2097152
## kernel.shmmax 参数设置为物理内存的一半
kernel.shmmax = 1073741824
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

--使修改立即生效
# sysctl -p</pre>
</div>
<ul>
<li>限制oracle用户的shell权限</li>
</ul>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># vi /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240</pre>
</div>
<ul>
<li>修改用户验证选项</li>
</ul>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># vi /etc/pam.d/login
#%PAM-1.0
auth pam_securetty.so
auth substack system-auth
auth include postlogin
account required pam_nologin.so
account include system-auth
password include system-auth
# pam_selinux.so close should be the first session rule
session required pam_selinux.so close
session required pam_loginuid.so
session optional pam_console.so
# pam_selinux.so open should only be followed by sessions to be executed in the user context
session required pam_selinux.so open
session required pam_namespace.so
session optional pam_keyinit.so force revoke
session include system-auth
session include postlogin
-session optional pam_ck_connector.so
## 增加下面的内容
session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so</pre>
</div>
<ul>
<li>修改/etc/profile文件</li>
</ul>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># vi /etc/profile
--增加update中间的内容
pathmunge () {
case ":${PATH}:" in
 *:"$1":*)
 ;;
 *)
 if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; then
 PATH=$PATH:$1
 else
 PATH=$1:$PATH
 fi
esac
}

if [ -x /usr/bin/id ]; then
if [ -z "$EUID" ]; then
 # ksh workaround
 EUID=`/usr/bin/id -u`
 UID=`/usr/bin/id -ru`
fi
USER="`/usr/bin/id -un`"
LOGNAME=$USER
MAIL="/var/spool/mail/$USER"
fi

## update(这里是增加的内容)
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
## update（这里是增加的内容）

# Path manipulation
if [ "$EUID" = "0" ]; then
pathmunge /usr/sbin
pathmunge /usr/local/sbin
else
pathmunge /usr/local/sbin after
pathmunge /usr/sbin after
fi

--使配置立即生效
# source /etc/profile</pre>
</div>
<ul>
<li>准备工作已经做完了，下面开始正式安装oracle（Oracle安装包）</li>
</ul>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>--把我们上传的Oracle11G安装包进行解压
$# unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
$# unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip

--对安装包文件夹授权
$# chown -R oracle.oinstall database/

--配置环境变量
--切换到oracle用户
# su - oracle
$ vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile
--在最后增加两行配置
export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib
export LC_ALL="en_US"
export LANG="en_US"
export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK"
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
umask 022
fi

--使设置生效
$ source /home/oracle/.bash_profile</pre>
</div>
<ul>
<li>开始安装oracle</li>
</ul>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>--切换到oracle用户
# su - oracle
上一次登录：一 5月4 16:08:46 CST 2020pts/0 上

$ cd /data/database/

--用oracle用户再次配置图形
# export DISPLAY=172.20.10.2:0.0
# echo $DISPLAY
172.20.10.2:0.0
# xhost +
access control disabled, clients can connect from any host
# xclock
Warning: Missing charsets in String to FontSet conversion

--linux安装Oracle安装界面乱码解决方法
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8
export LC_ALL=C

$ ./runInstaller
正在启动 Oracle Universal Installer...

检查临时空间: 必须大于 120 MB。实际为 9297 MB 通过
检查交换空间: 必须大于 150 MB。实际为 2047 MB 通过
检查监视器: 监视器配置至少必须显示 256 种颜色。实际为 16777216 通过
准备从以下地址启动 Oracle Universal Installer /tmp/OraInstall2020-05-04_06-31-46PM. 请稍候...

--接下来我们的图形就出来了</pre>
</div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>取消勾选【I wish to receive security updates via My Oracle Support】</li>
</ul>
</div>
<img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/2563125/202209/2563125-20220909101339224-819990622.png" alt="" loading="lazy">
<ul>
<li>选择【Skip software updates】</li>
</ul>
<img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/2563125/202209/2563125-20220909101405325-232728084.png" alt="" loading="lazy">
<ul>
<li> 选择第一个，创建数据库</li>
</ul>
<img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/2563125/202209/2563125-20220909101429003-701781330.png" alt="" loading="lazy">
<ul>
<li> 选择第一个，创建桌面类数据库</li>
</ul>
<img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/2563125/202209/2563125-20220909101500778-670402951.png" alt="" loading="lazy">
<ul>
<li>创建全局数据库名称：我这里用的orcl，输入密码：Ab123456（密码不合规下面会报错）</li>
</ul>
<img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/2563125/202209/2563125-20220909101545348-1360042507.png" alt="" loading="lazy">
<ul>
<li>继续下一步，修改路径为我们创建的路径</li>
</ul>
<img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/2563125/202209/2563125-20220909101620563-1677644662.png" alt="" loading="lazy">
<ul>
<li> 等待进度条完成</li>
</ul>
<img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/2563125/202209/2563125-20220909101636945-374619601.png" alt="" loading="lazy">
<div>
<ul>
<li>完事后有2个警告</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>第一个：创建虚拟机时的Swap空间分小了（自己用不影响）</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>第二个：oracle的可用内存不够（自己用不影响）</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>勾选忽略全部，继续进行下一步</li>
</ul>
</div>
<img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/2563125/202209/2563125-20220909101721288-1595807315.png" alt="" loading="lazy">
<ul>
<li> 点击安装</li>
</ul>
<img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/2563125/202209/2563125-20220909101740584-900370301.png" alt="" loading="lazy">
<ul>
<li> 等待进度条完成</li>
</ul>
<img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/2563125/202209/2563125-20220909101757527-1781978997.png" alt="" loading="lazy">
<ul>
<li> 我这里报了一个错：Error in invoking target 'agent nmhs' of makefile</li>
</ul>
<img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/2563125/202209/2563125-20220909101836202-1151714161.png" alt="" loading="lazy">
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>--进入到/dbhome_1/sysman/lib目录下
$ cd /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/sysman/lib

--备份ins_emagent.mk文件
$ cp ins_emagent.mk ins_emagent.mk.bak

--编辑文件ins_emagent.mk
$ vi ins_emagent.mk
--进入vi编辑器后命令模式输入/NMECTL 进行查找，快速定位要修改的行
在后面追加参数-lnnz11 第一个是字母l 后面两个是数字1
保存退出后Retry</pre>
</div>
<ul>
<li>修改完成后回到刚才的界面点击重试</li>
</ul>
<img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/2563125/202209/2563125-20220909102024573-1385728426.png" alt="" loading="lazy">
<ul>
<li> 等待弹出下面的弹窗（还是说我们内存不足），点击第一个按钮【lgnore】进行忽略</li>
</ul>
<img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/2563125/202209/2563125-20220909102104475-1405010558.png" alt="" loading="lazy">
<ul>
<li> 等待创建完成</li>
</ul>
 <img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/2563125/202209/2563125-20220909102125406-165397853.png" alt="" loading="lazy">
<ul>
<li> 创建完成后我们可以在密码管理中修改用户密码</li>
</ul>
<img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/2563125/202209/2563125-20220909102142513-661033195.png" alt="" loading="lazy">
<ul>
<li> 密码修改后点击OK</li>
</ul>
<img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/2563125/202209/2563125-20220909102158263-1902929057.png" alt="" loading="lazy">
<ul>
<li> 等待都完成后复制下面语句用root执行</li>
</ul>
<img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/2563125/202209/2563125-20220909102212077-1887727337.png" alt="" loading="lazy"> 
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># /opt/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /data/oracle/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /opt/oracle/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.
# /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g

The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: /usr/local/bin
Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Finished product-specific root actions.</pre>
</div>
<ul>
<li>等待全部完成后点击close</li>
</ul>
<img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/2563125/202209/2563125-20220909102252646-1697156127.png" alt="" loading="lazy">
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>--查看监听
$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 19-MAY-2020 19:19:22

Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date 19-MAY-2020 18:55:36
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 23 min. 46 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /data/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/yanshi/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=127.0.0.1)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

--配置监听
--编辑listener.ora文件
$ vim /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
--把里面内容修改为：
SID_LIST_LISTENER=
(SID_LIST=
(SID_DESC=
 (GLOBAL_DBNAME=orcl)
 (ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
 (SID_NAME=orcl)
)
)
LISTENER=(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.31.128)(PORT=1521)))
ADR_BASE_LISTENER =/opt/oracle

--修改tnsnames.ora
$ vim /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
--把内容修改为
LISTENER_ORCL =
(DESCRIPTION=
(ADDRESS_LIST=
 (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.31.128)(PORT=1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
 (SID=orcl)
)
)

--启动监听
$ lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 19-MAY-2020 19:54:55

Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.All rights reserved.

Starting /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
System parameter file is /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/yanshi/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.31.128)(PORT=1521)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.31.128)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date 19-MAY-2020 19:54:55
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/yanshi/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.31.128)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully</pre>
</div>
<ul>
<li>从数据库工具连接数据库进行测试即可</li>
</ul>
</div>

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