深入解析：麒麟操作系统 | 常用命令及脚本（2）
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pre, pre, pre { white-space: pre !important; word-wrap: normal !important; overflow-x: auto !important }</style><div class="htmledit_views atom-one-dark" id="content_views"><p></p><p>先来回顾麒麟往期内容：</p><ul><li><p>麒麟操作系统安装流程（附安装包下载）</p></li><li><p>麒麟系统安装后初始化配置指南</p></li><li><p>麒麟操作系统 | shell 和终端、环境变量</p></li><li><p>麒麟操作系统 | 常用命令及脚本（1）</p></li></ul><hr><h2><img alt="" height="423" src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/f15c8910a16842fa9141d0a97f22f2a7.png" width="979"></h2><p></p><p></p><p class="img-center"><img alt="图片" height="383" src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/6b258a5efb53e7270673e7c5114389c2.png" width="900"></p><p><strong>麒麟</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong><strong>本章学习目标</strong></strong></p><p>掌握使用命令的正确方法</p><p></p></li></ul><p></p><p class="img-center"><img alt="图片" height="40" src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/7266511bdd7d99cfff7d29e463735e3b.png" width="72"></p><p></p><p class="img-center"><img alt="图片" height="618" src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/0905db440f2076b60955db8bfc0ff9ee.png" width="1080"></p><p></p><h2></h2><h2>whoami 命令</h2><p>输出当前使用者的登陆帐号</p><p>whoami 是 用于快速查询<strong>当前有效登录用户账号</strong>的基础命令，功能简洁但高频实用，尤其在多用户切换场景（如 <code>su</code>/<code>sudo</code> 后）中，可快速确认当前操作的用户身份。</p><p></p><p>语法结构</p><p>语法极简，无复杂选项，基本格式为：</p>
<pre style="white-space: pre !important; word-wrap: normal !important; overflow-x: auto !important"><code>whoami</code></pre>
<p>（注意：命令全小写，无空格，与 <code>who am i</code> 命令功能不同，后者会显示更详细的登录信息，而非仅用户名）</p><p></p><p>实用示例</p><p>在终端直接执行 <code>whoami</code>，即可返回当前用户账号：</p>
<pre style="white-space: pre !important; word-wrap: normal !important; overflow-x: auto !important"><code># 示例1：当前以普通用户 "user" 登录</code></pre>
<p></p><p></p><p class="img-center"><img alt="图片" height="624" src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/fba47986c1a0af0cc20d49c9ab175bc2.png" width="1080"></p><p></p><h2>id 命令 </h2><p>查询用户的身份标识信息</p><p><code>id</code> 命令用于获取指定用户（或当前用户）的<strong>用户 ID（UID）、组 ID（GID）、所属主组及附加组</strong>等核心身份信息，是确认用户权限归属的关键工具（Linux 系统通过 UID/GID 识别用户和组，而非单纯依赖用户名）。</p><h4>语法结构</h4>
<pre style="white-space: pre !important; word-wrap: normal !important; overflow-x: auto !important"><code>id[选项][用户名]</code></pre>
<pre style="white-space: pre !important; word-wrap: normal !important; overflow-x: auto !important"><code>（若不指定 “用户名”，则默认查询当前用户；选项可选，用于调整输出格式）</code></pre>
<p></p><p>打印用户信息</p><p></p><p class="img-center"><img alt="图片" height="167" src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/71180aca00806ae6a60efc220c5b3f31.png" width="1080"></p><p></p><p></p><p class="img-center"><img alt="图片" height="610" src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/99da9c256c4f53e466123c23a23e6566.png" width="1080"></p><p></p><h2>who 命令</h2><p>查看系统当前登录用户信息</p><p>who 是用于监控当前所有登入用户状态的核心命令，能直观展示 “谁在使用系统”“通过什么方式登录”“何时登录” 等关键信息，是系统管理员排查用户会话、维护系统安全的常用工具。</p><p></p><p>语法结构</p>
<pre style="white-space: pre !important; word-wrap: normal !important; overflow-x: auto !important"><code>who[选项][文件]</code></pre>
<p></p><h2></h2><p></p><p class="img-center"><img alt="图片" height="615" src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/dc8fd8659f8894ba779f0f8d0f96e010.png" width="1080"></p><p></p><h2></h2><h2>su 命令</h2><p>Linux 系统中切换用户身份的核心工具<br> su 是 "substitute user"（替换用户）或 "switch user"（切换用户）的缩写。系统会提示输入密码，当密码验证成功后，系统将转入新用户身份的系统环境。默认更改为 root 用户。</p><h4>语法结构</h4>
<pre style="white-space: pre !important; word-wrap: normal !important; overflow-x: auto !important"><code>su[选项][目标用户名]</code></pre>
<p></p><p></p><p class="img-center"><img alt="图片" height="624" src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/256a41b68c89ba078a50ac344f1a162b.png" width="1080"></p><p></p><h2>sudo 命令</h2><p><strong>Linux 系统的精细化权限管控工具</strong></p><p>sudo（全称为 "super-user do"）是 Linux 中让普通用户临时获取超级用户（root）或其他用户权限的核心工具，它通过精细化的权限配置，既解决了 “普通用户需要高权限操作” 的需求，又避免了直接分享 root 密码的安全风险，是系统管理员管理多用户权限的首选工具。</p><p></p><p>语法结构：</p><p>sudo 要运行的程序或命令</p><p>让管理员能够在不告诉用户 root 密码的前提下，授予普通用户某些特定类型的超级权限。Sudo 意思就是 super-user do，让当前用户暂时以超级管理员 root 的身份来执行这条命令;要想以非 root 用户身份来运行命令，必须使用-u 选项来指定用户；否则，sudo 会默认为 root 用户。</p><p></p><p>sudo 命令注意事项</p><p></p><p class="img-center"><img alt="图片" height="619" src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/bac05987fe3962dd92feb81b4df315b7.png" width="1080"></p><p></p></div><br><br>
来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/yxysuanfa/p/19100790
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