首页 › 公众号/小程序论坛 › 微信小程序-开发入门

瑞村 發表於 2022-4-22 17:20:00

微信小程序-开发入门

<span data-cke-copybin-start="1"><span data-cke-copybin-start="1">​</span></span>
<p>微信小程序已经火了一段时间了，之前一直也在关注，就这半年的发展来看，相对原生APP大部分公司还是不愿意将主营业务放到微信平台上，以免受制于腾讯，不过就小程序的应用场景（用完即走和二维码分发等）还是很值得我们学习的，技术上面如果了解React的话，会发现他们在组件化上面有很多雷同之处。说白了，小程序就是基于微信平台的H5轻应用，微信将系统底层功能（设备、位置、媒体、文件等）和微信自身功能（登录、支付、分享等）封装成相应API供小程序调用。</p>
<p>自己根据官方文档写过一个DOME，借助和风天气开放API接口，实现天气预报，仅供学习交流使用，谢谢~</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>一、小程序基本概念</p>
<p>1、开发工具：为了配合小程序开发，微信专门配备了自己的开发工具，自行选择对应版本安装。</p>
<div class="cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_block cke_widget_image cke_image_nocaption cke_widget_selected" data-cke-display-name="图像" data-cke-filter="off" data-cke-widget-id="66" data-cke-widget-wrapper="1">
<p class="img-center cke_widget_element" data-cke-widget-data="%7B%22hasCaption%22%3Afalse%2C%22src%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fimg-blog.csdnimg.cn%2Fimg_convert%2F7001e7d3884a47d046fe1c1cdaeb0572.png%22%2C%22alt%22%3A%22%22%2C%22width%22%3A%22%22%2C%22height%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lock%22%3Atrue%2C%22align%22%3A%22center%22%2C%22classes%22%3Anull%7D" data-cke-widget-keep-attr="0" data-widget="image"><span class="cke_image_resizer_wrapper"><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/7001e7d3884a47d046fe1c1cdaeb0572.png"><span class="cke_image_resizer" title="点击并拖拽以改变尺寸">​</span></span></p>
<span class="cke_reset cke_widget_drag_handler_container"><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/1492915/202204/1492915-20220422172018430-183226480.gif"></span></div>
<p>2、创建项目应用：安装完成后，打开并扫码登录。小程序发布需要企业级的认证公众号，所以个人订阅号是不能发布的。所以我这里选择无AppID，创建项目选择一个本地空文件夹，勾选创建quick start 项目生成一个demo。</p>
<div class="cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_block cke_widget_image cke_image_nocaption cke_widget_selected" data-cke-display-name="图像" data-cke-filter="off" data-cke-widget-id="67" data-cke-widget-wrapper="1">
<p class="img-center cke_widget_element" data-cke-widget-data="%7B%22hasCaption%22%3Afalse%2C%22src%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fimg-blog.csdnimg.cn%2Fimg_convert%2F4c1052785b235e76bcfd27e588562741.png%22%2C%22alt%22%3A%22%22%2C%22width%22%3A%22%22%2C%22height%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lock%22%3Atrue%2C%22align%22%3A%22center%22%2C%22classes%22%3Anull%7D" data-cke-widget-keep-attr="0" data-widget="image"><span class="cke_image_resizer_wrapper"><img alt="" src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/4c1052785b235e76bcfd27e588562741.png" data-src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/4c1052785b235e76bcfd27e588562741.png"><span class="cke_image_resizer" title="点击并拖拽以改变尺寸">​</span></span></p>
<span class="cke_reset cke_widget_drag_handler_container"><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/1492915/202204/1492915-20220422172018430-183226480.gif"></span></div>
<p>3、编写小程序：demo初始化并包含了一些简单的代码文件，其中app.js、app.json、app.wxss 这三个是必不可少的，小程序会读取这些文件初始化实例。</p>
<p>　　app.js是小程序的初始化脚本，可以在这个文件中监听小程序的生命周期，申请全局变量和调用API等</p>
<p>　　app.json是对小程序的全局配置，pages设置页面路径组成（默认第一条为首页），window设置默认页面的窗口表现等</p>
<p>　　app.wxss 是整个小程序的公共样式表。类似网站开发中的common.css</p>
<div class="cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_block cke_widget_image cke_image_nocaption cke_widget_selected" data-cke-display-name="图像" data-cke-filter="off" data-cke-widget-id="69" data-cke-widget-wrapper="1">
<p class="img-center cke_widget_element" data-cke-widget-data="%7B%22hasCaption%22%3Afalse%2C%22src%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fimg-blog.csdnimg.cn%2Fimg_convert%2F8baf2fc09c189c5920b22de1ac3e3997.png%22%2C%22alt%22%3A%22%22%2C%22width%22%3A%22%22%2C%22height%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lock%22%3Atrue%2C%22align%22%3A%22center%22%2C%22classes%22%3Anull%7D" data-cke-widget-keep-attr="0" data-widget="image"><span class="cke_image_resizer_wrapper"><img alt="" src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/8baf2fc09c189c5920b22de1ac3e3997.png" data-src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/8baf2fc09c189c5920b22de1ac3e3997.png"><span class="cke_image_resizer" title="点击并拖拽以改变尺寸">​</span></span></p>
<span class="cke_reset cke_widget_drag_handler_container"><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/1492915/202204/1492915-20220422172018430-183226480.gif"></span></div>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>4、创建页面：在pages目录下，由一个文件夹中的四个同名不同类型文件组成。<code>.js</code>是脚本文件，<code>.json</code>是配置文件，<code>.wxss</code>是样式表文件，<code>.wxml</code>是页面结构文件，其中json和wxss文件为非必须（默认会继承app的json和wxss默认设置）。</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>二、小程序的框架</p>
<p>1、小程序的配置</p>
<p>　　app.json主要分为五个部分：pages：页面组，window：框架样式（状态栏、导航条、标题、窗口背景色），tabBar：底部菜单，networkTimeout：网络超时设置，debug：开启debug模式</p>
<p>　　page.json针对页面单独设置，层叠掉app.json的全局设置</p>
<div>
<div>
<div class="cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_block cke_widget_image cke_image_nocaption cke_widget_selected" data-cke-display-name="图像" data-cke-filter="off" data-cke-widget-id="68" data-cke-widget-wrapper="1">
<p class="img-center cke_widget_element" data-cke-widget-data="%7B%22hasCaption%22%3Afalse%2C%22src%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fimg-blog.csdnimg.cn%2Fimg_convert%2Fb14eef94201e862062d4021b8e30023a.gif%22%2C%22alt%22%3A%22%22%2C%22width%22%3A%22%22%2C%22height%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lock%22%3Atrue%2C%22align%22%3A%22center%22%2C%22classes%22%3Anull%7D" data-cke-widget-keep-attr="0" data-widget="image"><span class="cke_image_resizer_wrapper"><img alt="" src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/b14eef94201e862062d4021b8e30023a.gif" data-src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/b14eef94201e862062d4021b8e30023a.gif"><span class="cke_image_resizer" title="点击并拖拽以改变尺寸">​</span></span></p>
<span class="cke_reset cke_widget_drag_handler_container"><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/1492915/202204/1492915-20220422172018430-183226480.gif"></span></div>
</div>
<pre>//app.json
{
"pages":[
    "pages/index/index",
    "pages/logs/logs"
],
"window":{
    "backgroundTextStyle":"light",
    "navigationBarBackgroundColor": "#000",
    "navigationBarTitleText": "WeChat",
    "navigationBarTextStyle":"white"
}
}</pre>
<div>
<div class="cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_block cke_widget_image cke_image_nocaption cke_widget_selected" data-cke-display-name="图像" data-cke-filter="off" data-cke-widget-id="53" data-cke-widget-wrapper="1">
<p class="img-center cke_widget_element" data-cke-widget-data="%7B%22hasCaption%22%3Afalse%2C%22src%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fimg-blog.csdnimg.cn%2Fimg_convert%2F9fb1abf81c7c48ec233e5b5b0324b001.gif%22%2C%22alt%22%3A%22%22%2C%22width%22%3A%22%22%2C%22height%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lock%22%3Atrue%2C%22align%22%3A%22center%22%2C%22classes%22%3Anull%7D" data-cke-widget-keep-attr="0" data-widget="image"><span class="cke_image_resizer_wrapper"><img alt="" src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/9fb1abf81c7c48ec233e5b5b0324b001.gif" data-src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/9fb1abf81c7c48ec233e5b5b0324b001.gif"><span class="cke_image_resizer" title="点击并拖拽以改变尺寸">​</span></span></p>
<span class="cke_reset cke_widget_drag_handler_container"><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/1492915/202204/1492915-20220422172018430-183226480.gif"></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>2、小程序的逻辑</p>
<p>　　使用App()来注册一个小程序，必须在<code>app.js</code>中注册，且不能注册多个</p>
<div>
<div>
<div class="cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_block cke_widget_image cke_image_nocaption cke_widget_selected" data-cke-display-name="图像" data-cke-filter="off" data-cke-widget-id="57" data-cke-widget-wrapper="1">
<p class="img-center cke_widget_element" data-cke-widget-data="%7B%22hasCaption%22%3Afalse%2C%22src%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fimg-blog.csdnimg.cn%2Fimg_convert%2Fb182acf97f7ee98bfe333abb4eb7d471.gif%22%2C%22alt%22%3A%22%22%2C%22width%22%3A%22%22%2C%22height%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lock%22%3Atrue%2C%22align%22%3A%22center%22%2C%22classes%22%3Anull%7D" data-cke-widget-keep-attr="0" data-widget="image"><span class="cke_image_resizer_wrapper"><img alt="" src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/b182acf97f7ee98bfe333abb4eb7d471.gif" data-src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/b182acf97f7ee98bfe333abb4eb7d471.gif"><span class="cke_image_resizer" title="点击并拖拽以改变尺寸">​</span></span></p>
<span class="cke_reset cke_widget_drag_handler_container"><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/1492915/202204/1492915-20220422172018430-183226480.gif"></span></div>
</div>
<pre>App({//如下为小程序的生命周期
onLaunch: function() { },//监听初始化
onShow: function() {},//监听显示（进入前台）
onHide: function() {},//监听隐藏（进入后台：按home离开微信）
onError: function(msg) {},//监听错误
//如下为自定义的全局方法和全局变量
globalFun:function(){},
globalData: 'I am global data'
})</pre>
<div>
<div class="cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_block cke_widget_image cke_image_nocaption cke_widget_selected" data-cke-display-name="图像" data-cke-filter="off" data-cke-widget-id="59" data-cke-widget-wrapper="1">
<p class="img-center cke_widget_element" data-cke-widget-data="%7B%22hasCaption%22%3Afalse%2C%22src%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fimg-blog.csdnimg.cn%2Fimg_convert%2F9fb1abf81c7c48ec233e5b5b0324b001.gif%22%2C%22alt%22%3A%22%22%2C%22width%22%3A%22%22%2C%22height%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lock%22%3Atrue%2C%22align%22%3A%22center%22%2C%22classes%22%3Anull%7D" data-cke-widget-keep-attr="0" data-widget="image"><span class="cke_image_resizer_wrapper"><img alt="" src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/9fb1abf81c7c48ec233e5b5b0324b001.gif" data-src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/9fb1abf81c7c48ec233e5b5b0324b001.gif"><span class="cke_image_resizer" title="点击并拖拽以改变尺寸">​</span></span></p>
<span class="cke_reset cke_widget_drag_handler_container"><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/1492915/202204/1492915-20220422172018430-183226480.gif"></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>　　使用Page()注册一个页面，在每个页面的js文件中注册</p>
<div>
<div>
<div class="cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_block cke_widget_image cke_image_nocaption cke_widget_selected" data-cke-display-name="图像" data-cke-filter="off" data-cke-widget-id="60" data-cke-widget-wrapper="1">
<p class="img-center cke_widget_element" data-cke-widget-data="%7B%22hasCaption%22%3Afalse%2C%22src%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fimg-blog.csdnimg.cn%2Fimg_convert%2Fd52535b66cbe6eae8e2f0eb6d58be9af.gif%22%2C%22alt%22%3A%22%22%2C%22width%22%3A%22%22%2C%22height%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lock%22%3Atrue%2C%22align%22%3A%22center%22%2C%22classes%22%3Anull%7D" data-cke-widget-keep-attr="0" data-widget="image"><span class="cke_image_resizer_wrapper"><img alt="" src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/d52535b66cbe6eae8e2f0eb6d58be9af.gif" data-src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/d52535b66cbe6eae8e2f0eb6d58be9af.gif"><span class="cke_image_resizer" title="点击并拖拽以改变尺寸">​</span></span></p>
<span class="cke_reset cke_widget_drag_handler_container"><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/1492915/202204/1492915-20220422172018430-183226480.gif"></span></div>
</div>
<pre>Page({
data: {text: "This is page data."},//页面数据，用来维护视图，json格式
onLoad: function(options) {},//监听加载
onReady: function() {},//监听初次渲染完成
onShow: function() {},//监听显示
onHide: function() {},//监听隐藏
onUnload: function() {},//监听卸载
onPullDownRefresh: function() {},//监听下拉
onReachBottom: function() {},//监听上拉触底
onShareAppMessage: function () {},//监听右上角分享
//如下为自定义的事件处理函数（视图中绑定的）
viewTap: function() {//setData设置data值，同时将更新视图
    this.setData({text: 'Set some data for updating view.'})
}
})</pre>
<div>
<div class="cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_block cke_widget_image cke_image_nocaption cke_widget_selected" data-cke-display-name="图像" data-cke-filter="off" data-cke-widget-id="63" data-cke-widget-wrapper="1">
<p class="img-center cke_widget_element" data-cke-widget-data="%7B%22hasCaption%22%3Afalse%2C%22src%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fimg-blog.csdnimg.cn%2Fimg_convert%2F13b86d84e21327c97400180f3bdcbdc6.gif%22%2C%22alt%22%3A%22%22%2C%22width%22%3A%22%22%2C%22height%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lock%22%3Atrue%2C%22align%22%3A%22center%22%2C%22classes%22%3Anull%7D" data-cke-widget-keep-attr="0" data-widget="image"><span class="cke_image_resizer_wrapper"><img alt="" src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/13b86d84e21327c97400180f3bdcbdc6.gif" data-src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/13b86d84e21327c97400180f3bdcbdc6.gif"><span class="cke_image_resizer" title="点击并拖拽以改变尺寸">​</span></span></p>
<span class="cke_reset cke_widget_drag_handler_container"><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/1492915/202204/1492915-20220422172018430-183226480.gif"></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>　　</p>
<p>3、小程序的视图与事件绑定</p>
<p>　　在每个页面中的wxml文件中，对页面js中data进行数据绑定，以及自定义事件绑定</p>
<div>
<div>
<div class="cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_block cke_widget_image cke_image_nocaption cke_widget_selected" data-cke-display-name="图像" data-cke-filter="off" data-cke-widget-id="65" data-cke-widget-wrapper="1">
<p class="img-center cke_widget_element" data-cke-widget-data="%7B%22hasCaption%22%3Afalse%2C%22src%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fimg-blog.csdnimg.cn%2Fimg_convert%2Fcdb99f17812d3fda5e208b7bc0608d67.gif%22%2C%22alt%22%3A%22%22%2C%22width%22%3A%22%22%2C%22height%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lock%22%3Atrue%2C%22align%22%3A%22center%22%2C%22classes%22%3Anull%7D" data-cke-widget-keep-attr="0" data-widget="image"><span class="cke_image_resizer_wrapper"><img alt="" src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/cdb99f17812d3fda5e208b7bc0608d67.gif" data-src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/cdb99f17812d3fda5e208b7bc0608d67.gif"><span class="cke_image_resizer" title="点击并拖拽以改变尺寸">​</span></span></p>
<span class="cke_reset cke_widget_drag_handler_container"><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/1492915/202204/1492915-20220422172018430-183226480.gif"></span></div>
</div>
<pre>&lt;!--{{}}绑定data中的指定数据并渲染到视图--&gt;
&lt;view class="title"&gt;{{text}}&lt;/view&gt;

&lt;!--wx:for获取数组数据进行循环渲染，item为数组的每项--&gt;
&lt;view wx:for="{{array}}"&gt; {{item}} &lt;/view&gt;

&lt;!--wx:if条件渲染--&gt;
&lt;view wx:if="{{view == 'WEBVIEW'}}"&gt; WEBVIEW &lt;/view&gt;
&lt;view wx:elif="{{view == 'APP'}}"&gt; APP &lt;/view&gt;
&lt;view wx:else="{{view == 'MINA'}}"&gt; MINA &lt;/view&gt;

&lt;!--模板--&gt;
&lt;template name="staffName"&gt;
&lt;view&gt;FirstName: {{firstName}}, LastName: {{lastName}}&lt;/view&gt;
&lt;/template&gt;
&lt;template is="staffName" data="{{...template.staffA}}"&gt;&lt;/template&gt;
&lt;template is="staffName" data="{{...template.staffB}}"&gt;&lt;/template&gt;

&lt;!--bindtap指定tap事件处理函数为ViewTap--&gt;
&lt;view bindtap="ViewTap"&gt; 点我点我 &lt;/view&gt;</pre>
<div>
<div class="cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_block cke_widget_image cke_image_nocaption cke_widget_selected" data-cke-display-name="图像" data-cke-filter="off" data-cke-widget-id="49" data-cke-widget-wrapper="1">
<p class="img-center cke_widget_element" data-cke-widget-data="%7B%22hasCaption%22%3Afalse%2C%22src%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fimg-blog.csdnimg.cn%2Fimg_convert%2F61d5c31a0b8969038801833f1c3d6dcf.gif%22%2C%22alt%22%3A%22%22%2C%22width%22%3A%22%22%2C%22height%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lock%22%3Atrue%2C%22align%22%3A%22center%22%2C%22classes%22%3Anull%7D" data-cke-widget-keep-attr="0" data-widget="image"><span class="cke_image_resizer_wrapper"><img alt="" src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/61d5c31a0b8969038801833f1c3d6dcf.gif" data-src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/61d5c31a0b8969038801833f1c3d6dcf.gif"><span class="cke_image_resizer" title="点击并拖拽以改变尺寸">​</span></span></p>
<span class="cke_reset cke_widget_drag_handler_container"><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/1492915/202204/1492915-20220422172018430-183226480.gif"></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<div>
<div>
<div class="cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_block cke_widget_image cke_image_nocaption cke_widget_selected" data-cke-display-name="图像" data-cke-filter="off" data-cke-widget-id="54" data-cke-widget-wrapper="1">
<p class="img-center cke_widget_element" data-cke-widget-data="%7B%22hasCaption%22%3Afalse%2C%22src%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fimg-blog.csdnimg.cn%2Fimg_convert%2F4f073e67943f38c845973226a52fef04.gif%22%2C%22alt%22%3A%22%22%2C%22width%22%3A%22%22%2C%22height%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lock%22%3Atrue%2C%22align%22%3A%22center%22%2C%22classes%22%3Anull%7D" data-cke-widget-keep-attr="0" data-widget="image"><span class="cke_image_resizer_wrapper"><img alt="" src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/4f073e67943f38c845973226a52fef04.gif" data-src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/4f073e67943f38c845973226a52fef04.gif"><span class="cke_image_resizer" title="点击并拖拽以改变尺寸">​</span></span></p>
<span class="cke_reset cke_widget_drag_handler_container"><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/1492915/202204/1492915-20220422172018430-183226480.gif"></span></div>
</div>
<pre>Page({
data: {//data数据主要用于视图绑定
    text:"我是一条测试",
    array:,
    view:"APP",
    template:{
      staffA: {firstName: 'Hulk', lastName: 'Hu'},
      staffB: {firstName: 'Shang', lastName: 'You'}
    }
},
ViewTap:function(){console.log('额，点到我了了~')}//自定义事件，主要用于事件绑定
})</pre>
<div>
<div class="cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_block cke_widget_image cke_image_nocaption cke_widget_selected" data-cke-display-name="图像" data-cke-filter="off" data-cke-widget-id="61" data-cke-widget-wrapper="1">
<p class="img-center cke_widget_element" data-cke-widget-data="%7B%22hasCaption%22%3Afalse%2C%22src%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fimg-blog.csdnimg.cn%2Fimg_convert%2Ff21388866805a5451d68cc717678e127.gif%22%2C%22alt%22%3A%22%22%2C%22width%22%3A%22%22%2C%22height%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lock%22%3Atrue%2C%22align%22%3A%22center%22%2C%22classes%22%3Anull%7D" data-cke-widget-keep-attr="0" data-widget="image"><span class="cke_image_resizer_wrapper"><img alt="" src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/f21388866805a5451d68cc717678e127.gif" data-src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/f21388866805a5451d68cc717678e127.gif"><span class="cke_image_resizer" title="点击并拖拽以改变尺寸">​</span></span></p>
<span class="cke_reset cke_widget_drag_handler_container"><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/1492915/202204/1492915-20220422172018430-183226480.gif"></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>4、小程序的样式</p>
<p>　　在每个页面中的wxss文件中，对wxml中的结构进行样式设置，等同于css，扩展了rpx单位。其中app.wxss默认为全局样式，作用所有页面。</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>三、小程序实战-天气预报（利用和风天气API）</p>
<p>先看看完成后的效果，一共三个页面，测试demo不求美观，不喜勿喷~</p>
<div class="cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_block cke_widget_image cke_image_nocaption cke_widget_selected" data-cke-display-name="图像" data-cke-filter="off" data-cke-widget-id="71" data-cke-widget-wrapper="1">
<p class="img-center cke_widget_element" data-cke-widget-data="%7B%22hasCaption%22%3Afalse%2C%22src%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fimg-blog.csdnimg.cn%2Fimg_convert%2F5721de70407dd7f085c201e3333a77c3.png%22%2C%22alt%22%3A%22%22%2C%22width%22%3A%22%22%2C%22height%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lock%22%3Atrue%2C%22align%22%3A%22center%22%2C%22classes%22%3Anull%7D" data-cke-widget-keep-attr="0" data-widget="image"><span class="cke_image_resizer_wrapper"><img alt="" src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/5721de70407dd7f085c201e3333a77c3.png" data-src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/5721de70407dd7f085c201e3333a77c3.png"><span class="cke_image_resizer" title="点击并拖拽以改变尺寸">​</span></span></p>
<span class="cke_reset cke_widget_drag_handler_container"><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/1492915/202204/1492915-20220422172018430-183226480.gif"></span></div>
<p>1、设置底部菜单和页面</p>
<p>我们就在quick start生成的demo基础上进行修改即可，因为涉及图标icon，我们新建一个images文件夹来存放图片</p>
<p>在原先pages文件夹中，删除index和log页面文件夹，新建weather、city、about三个页面文件夹，及三个页面对应的四个文件类型，文件结构如下图</p>
<div class="cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_block cke_widget_image cke_image_nocaption cke_widget_selected" data-cke-display-name="图像" data-cke-filter="off" data-cke-widget-id="70" data-cke-widget-wrapper="1">
<p class="img-center cke_widget_element" data-cke-widget-data="%7B%22hasCaption%22%3Afalse%2C%22src%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fimg-blog.csdnimg.cn%2Fimg_convert%2F9b8d1b98b736f8b8737176e39c16ce14.png%22%2C%22alt%22%3A%22%22%2C%22width%22%3A%22%22%2C%22height%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lock%22%3Atrue%2C%22align%22%3A%22center%22%2C%22classes%22%3Anull%7D" data-cke-widget-keep-attr="0" data-widget="image"><span class="cke_image_resizer_wrapper"><img alt="" src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/9b8d1b98b736f8b8737176e39c16ce14.png" data-src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/9b8d1b98b736f8b8737176e39c16ce14.png"><span class="cke_image_resizer" title="点击并拖拽以改变尺寸">​</span></span></p>
<span class="cke_reset cke_widget_drag_handler_container"><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/1492915/202204/1492915-20220422172018430-183226480.gif"></span></div>
<p>接下来配置app.json文件</p>
<div>
<div>
<div class="cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_block cke_widget_image cke_image_nocaption cke_widget_selected" data-cke-display-name="图像" data-cke-filter="off" data-cke-widget-id="64" data-cke-widget-wrapper="1">
<p class="img-center cke_widget_element" data-cke-widget-data="%7B%22hasCaption%22%3Afalse%2C%22src%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fimg-blog.csdnimg.cn%2Fimg_convert%2F1eacdeef53d790add427baa54890c817.gif%22%2C%22alt%22%3A%22%22%2C%22width%22%3A%22%22%2C%22height%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lock%22%3Atrue%2C%22align%22%3A%22center%22%2C%22classes%22%3Anull%7D" data-cke-widget-keep-attr="0" data-widget="image"><span class="cke_image_resizer_wrapper"><img alt="" src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/1eacdeef53d790add427baa54890c817.gif" data-src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/1eacdeef53d790add427baa54890c817.gif"><span class="cke_image_resizer" title="点击并拖拽以改变尺寸">​</span></span></p>
<span class="cke_reset cke_widget_drag_handler_container"><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/1492915/202204/1492915-20220422172018430-183226480.gif"></span></div>
</div>
<pre>/*app.json,该文件不能含有任何注释，所以正式应用需删除所有注释内容*/
{
"pages":[//小程序的页面路径数组，第一条默认为首页，所有页面均需写在这里，否则不能加载
    "pages/weather/weather",
    "pages/about/about",
    "pages/city/city"
],
"window":{//小程序框架设置
    "navigationBarBackgroundColor": "#000",
    "navigationBarTitleText": "天气预报",
    "navigationBarTextStyle":"#fff",
    "backgroundColor":"#666",
    "backgroundTextStyle":"light",
    "enablePullDownRefresh":true
},
"tabBar": {//小程序底部菜单设置
    "color": "#666",
    "selectedColor": "#56abe4",
    "backgroundColor": "#ddd",
    "borderStyle":"black",
    "list": [{
      "pagePath": "pages/weather/weather",
      "iconPath": "images/tabbar/weather1.png",
      "selectedIconPath": "images/tabbar/weather2.png",
      "text": "天气预报"
    }, {
      "pagePath": "pages/city/city",
      "iconPath": "images/tabbar/city1.png",
      "selectedIconPath": "images/tabbar/city2.png",
      "text": "设置城市"
    }, {
      "pagePath": "pages/about/about",
      "iconPath": "images/tabbar/about1.png",
      "selectedIconPath": "images/tabbar/about2.png",
      "text": "关于我"
    }],
    "position":"bottom"
}
}</pre>
<div>
<div class="cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_block cke_widget_image cke_image_nocaption cke_widget_selected" data-cke-display-name="图像" data-cke-filter="off" data-cke-widget-id="58" data-cke-widget-wrapper="1">
<p class="img-center cke_widget_element" data-cke-widget-data="%7B%22hasCaption%22%3Afalse%2C%22src%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fimg-blog.csdnimg.cn%2Fimg_convert%2Fa00395daa3862c09e7ad42eb46955f99.gif%22%2C%22alt%22%3A%22%22%2C%22width%22%3A%22%22%2C%22height%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lock%22%3Atrue%2C%22align%22%3A%22center%22%2C%22classes%22%3Anull%7D" data-cke-widget-keep-attr="0" data-widget="image"><span class="cke_image_resizer_wrapper"><img alt="" src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/a00395daa3862c09e7ad42eb46955f99.gif" data-src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/a00395daa3862c09e7ad42eb46955f99.gif"><span class="cke_image_resizer" title="点击并拖拽以改变尺寸">​</span></span></p>
<span class="cke_reset cke_widget_drag_handler_container"><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/1492915/202204/1492915-20220422172018430-183226480.gif"></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>2、注册小程序和整体样式</p>
<p>修改app.js和app.wxss两个文件如下</p>
<div>
<div>
<div class="cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_block cke_widget_image cke_image_nocaption cke_widget_selected" data-cke-display-name="图像" data-cke-filter="off" data-cke-widget-id="52" data-cke-widget-wrapper="1">
<p class="img-center cke_widget_element" data-cke-widget-data="%7B%22hasCaption%22%3Afalse%2C%22src%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fimg-blog.csdnimg.cn%2Fimg_convert%2F3020c377f32428907dd776853ad1ff08.gif%22%2C%22alt%22%3A%22%22%2C%22width%22%3A%22%22%2C%22height%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lock%22%3Atrue%2C%22align%22%3A%22center%22%2C%22classes%22%3Anull%7D" data-cke-widget-keep-attr="0" data-widget="image"><span class="cke_image_resizer_wrapper"><img alt="" src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/3020c377f32428907dd776853ad1ff08.gif" data-src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/3020c377f32428907dd776853ad1ff08.gif"><span class="cke_image_resizer" title="点击并拖拽以改变尺寸">​</span></span></p>
<span class="cke_reset cke_widget_drag_handler_container"><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/1492915/202204/1492915-20220422172018430-183226480.gif"></span></div>
</div>
<pre>//app.js
App({
//1、系统事件部分
onLaunch: function () {//小程序初始化时执行
    var that=this;
    that.curid = wx.getStorageSync('curid') || that.curid;//API：获取本地缓存，若不存在设置为全局属性
    that.setlocal('curid', that.curid);//调用全局方法
},
//2、自定义全局方法部分
setlocal:function(id,val){
    wx.setStorageSync(id, val);//API：设置本地缓存
},
//3、自定义全局属性部分
curid:"CN101010100",
version:"1.0"
})</pre>
<div>
<div class="cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_block cke_widget_image cke_image_nocaption cke_widget_selected" data-cke-display-name="图像" data-cke-filter="off" data-cke-widget-id="56" data-cke-widget-wrapper="1">
<p class="img-center cke_widget_element" data-cke-widget-data="%7B%22hasCaption%22%3Afalse%2C%22src%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fimg-blog.csdnimg.cn%2Fimg_convert%2Fa46637c4310b7e023c84dde99dffff27.gif%22%2C%22alt%22%3A%22%22%2C%22width%22%3A%22%22%2C%22height%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lock%22%3Atrue%2C%22align%22%3A%22center%22%2C%22classes%22%3Anull%7D" data-cke-widget-keep-attr="0" data-widget="image"><span class="cke_image_resizer_wrapper"><img alt="" src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/a46637c4310b7e023c84dde99dffff27.gif" data-src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/a46637c4310b7e023c84dde99dffff27.gif"><span class="cke_image_resizer" title="点击并拖拽以改变尺寸">​</span></span></p>
<span class="cke_reset cke_widget_drag_handler_container"><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/1492915/202204/1492915-20220422172018430-183226480.gif"></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<pre>/**app.wxss**/
.container {margin: 0; padding: 0;}
.title{font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold;}</pre>
</div>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>3、页面的结构（wxml）、样式（wxss）、逻辑（js）和配置（json）</p>
<p>小程序中的wxml摒弃了HTML标签， 改用view（类似div）、text（类似span）、icon等等，class同html指定样式，bindtap绑定事件（类似onclick），该页面无特殊配置，json文件内容为空（非必须文件）</p>
<div>
<div>
<div class="cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_block cke_widget_image cke_image_nocaption cke_widget_selected" data-cke-display-name="图像" data-cke-filter="off" data-cke-widget-id="62" data-cke-widget-wrapper="1">
<p class="img-center cke_widget_element" data-cke-widget-data="%7B%22hasCaption%22%3Afalse%2C%22src%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fimg-blog.csdnimg.cn%2Fimg_convert%2Fccfc7a407026ef2d06b36691908e9469.gif%22%2C%22alt%22%3A%22%22%2C%22width%22%3A%22%22%2C%22height%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lock%22%3Atrue%2C%22align%22%3A%22center%22%2C%22classes%22%3Anull%7D" data-cke-widget-keep-attr="0" data-widget="image"><span class="cke_image_resizer_wrapper"><img alt="" src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/ccfc7a407026ef2d06b36691908e9469.gif" data-src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/ccfc7a407026ef2d06b36691908e9469.gif"><span class="cke_image_resizer" title="点击并拖拽以改变尺寸">​</span></span></p>
<span class="cke_reset cke_widget_drag_handler_container"><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/1492915/202204/1492915-20220422172018430-183226480.gif"></span></div>
</div>
<pre>&lt;!--weather.wxml--&gt;
&lt;view class="container"&gt;
&lt;view class="city" bindtap="bindViewTap"&gt;
    &lt;text&gt;当前城市：{{basic.city}}&lt;/text&gt;&lt;!--{{}}用来获取同页js文件中注册页面data中的数据--&gt;
    &lt;text class="update"&gt;{{basic.update.loc}}&lt;/text&gt;
&lt;/view&gt;
&lt;/view&gt;
&lt;!--省略。。。--&gt;</pre>
<div>
<div class="cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_block cke_widget_image cke_image_nocaption cke_widget_selected" data-cke-display-name="图像" data-cke-filter="off" data-cke-widget-id="51" data-cke-widget-wrapper="1">
<p class="img-center cke_widget_element" data-cke-widget-data="%7B%22hasCaption%22%3Afalse%2C%22src%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fimg-blog.csdnimg.cn%2Fimg_convert%2F1b124a95c2fff6c06bd3ac36deca9cc4.gif%22%2C%22alt%22%3A%22%22%2C%22width%22%3A%22%22%2C%22height%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lock%22%3Atrue%2C%22align%22%3A%22center%22%2C%22classes%22%3Anull%7D" data-cke-widget-keep-attr="0" data-widget="image"><span class="cke_image_resizer_wrapper"><img alt="" src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/1b124a95c2fff6c06bd3ac36deca9cc4.gif" data-src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/1b124a95c2fff6c06bd3ac36deca9cc4.gif"><span class="cke_image_resizer" title="点击并拖拽以改变尺寸">​</span></span></p>
<span class="cke_reset cke_widget_drag_handler_container"><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/1492915/202204/1492915-20220422172018430-183226480.gif"></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<pre>/**weather.wxss**/
.city {padding: 3% 5%; background: #ddd;}
.city text{font-size: 16px; color: #666;}
.city .update{ font-size: 12px; float: right;}</pre>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<div class="cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_block cke_widget_image cke_image_nocaption cke_widget_selected" data-cke-display-name="图像" data-cke-filter="off" data-cke-widget-id="55" data-cke-widget-wrapper="1">
<p class="img-center cke_widget_element" data-cke-widget-data="%7B%22hasCaption%22%3Afalse%2C%22src%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fimg-blog.csdnimg.cn%2Fimg_convert%2F488ee32c8930eaf8ba83a352ab9b613f.gif%22%2C%22alt%22%3A%22%22%2C%22width%22%3A%22%22%2C%22height%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lock%22%3Atrue%2C%22align%22%3A%22center%22%2C%22classes%22%3Anull%7D" data-cke-widget-keep-attr="0" data-widget="image"><span class="cke_image_resizer_wrapper"><img alt="" src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/488ee32c8930eaf8ba83a352ab9b613f.gif" data-src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/488ee32c8930eaf8ba83a352ab9b613f.gif"><span class="cke_image_resizer" title="点击并拖拽以改变尺寸">​</span></span></p>
<span class="cke_reset cke_widget_drag_handler_container"><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/1492915/202204/1492915-20220422172018430-183226480.gif"></span></div>
</div>
<pre>//weather.js
var app = getApp();//获取当前小程序实例，方便使用全局方法和属性
Page({
//1、页面数据部分,将绑定到视图wxml中
data:{cur_id:app.curid,basic:"",now:""},//设置页面数据，后面空值将在页面显示时通过请求服务器获取
//2、系统事件部分
onShow:function(){
    var that = this;
    wx.showToast({title: '加载中',icon: 'loading',duration: 10000})//设置加载模态框
    that.getnow(function(d){//回调函数，根据数据设置页面data，更新到视图
      wx.hideToast();//隐藏加载框
      d.now.cond.src="http://files.heweather.com/cond_icon/"+d.now.cond.code+".png";
      that.setData({basic:d.basic,now:d.now})//更新数据，视图将同步更新
    })},
//3、自定义页面方法：获取当前天气API
getnow:function(fn){
    wx.request({//请求服务器，类似ajax
      url: 'https://free-api.heweather.com/v5/now',
      data: {city:app.curid,key:'01a7798b060b468abdad006ea3de4713'},//和风天气提供用户key，可自行注册获得
      header: {'Content-Type': 'application/json'},
      success: function(res) {fn(res.data.HeWeather5);}//成功后将数据传给回调函数执行
    })
},
//4、页面事件绑定部分
bindViewTap:function(){wx.switchTab({url: '../city/city'})}//跳转菜单页面
})</pre>
<div>
<div class="cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_block cke_widget_image cke_image_nocaption cke_widget_selected" data-cke-display-name="图像" data-cke-filter="off" data-cke-widget-id="50" data-cke-widget-wrapper="1">
<p class="img-center cke_widget_element" data-cke-widget-data="%7B%22hasCaption%22%3Afalse%2C%22src%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fimg-blog.csdnimg.cn%2Fimg_convert%2F488ee32c8930eaf8ba83a352ab9b613f.gif%22%2C%22alt%22%3A%22%22%2C%22width%22%3A%22%22%2C%22height%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lock%22%3Atrue%2C%22align%22%3A%22center%22%2C%22classes%22%3Anull%7D" data-cke-widget-keep-attr="0" data-widget="image"><span class="cke_image_resizer_wrapper"><img alt="" src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/488ee32c8930eaf8ba83a352ab9b613f.gif" data-src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/488ee32c8930eaf8ba83a352ab9b613f.gif"><span class="cke_image_resizer" title="点击并拖拽以改变尺寸">​</span></span></p>
<span class="cke_reset cke_widget_drag_handler_container"><img width="15" height="15" class="cke_reset cke_widget_drag_handler lazyload" title="点击并拖拽以移动" data-cke-widget-drag-handler="1" data-src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/1492915/202204/1492915-20220422172018430-183226480.gif"></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>&nbsp;其他页面代码略，项目源文件见GitHub：<span class="cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_csdnlink cke_widget_selected" data-cke-display-name="a" data-cke-filter="off" data-cke-widget-id="0" data-cke-widget-wrapper="1">https://github.com/gavin125/wxtest</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>4、注意防坑</p>
<p>跳转并刷新页面：需使用onshow来代替onload执行逻辑，onload只在首次打开页面时执行一次。如：B页面操作全局数据并跳转A页面，A页面onshow中获取全局数据更新视图。</p>
<span data-cke-copybin-start="1"><span data-cke-copybin-end="1">​</span></span>
<div id="qb-sougou-search" style="display: none; opacity: 0">
<p>搜索</p>
<p class="last-btn">复制</p>
</div><br><br>
来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/alvin123/p/16179739.html

查看完整版本: 微信小程序-开发入门