Flask+微信公众号开发（接入指南）
<h1><span style="color: rgba(255, 102, 0, 1)">目录</span></h1><div><span style="color: rgba(255, 102, 0, 1)">一、注册公众号</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgba(255, 102, 0, 1)">二、启用开发者</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgba(255, 102, 0, 1)">三、配置服务器配置</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgba(255, 102, 0, 1)">四、开发自己的需求</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgba(255, 102, 0, 1)">五、写在最后</span> </div>
<h1><span style="color: rgba(255, 102, 0, 1)">一、注册公众号</span></h1>
<p> 具体的注册过程，根据官方文档一步一步来即可。这里需注意的是订阅号还是服务号；有些比较好的开发接口订阅号是没有的，但是注册服务号需要企业认证之类的，比较复杂。</p>
<p> </p>
<h1><span style="color: rgba(255, 102, 0, 1)">二、启用开发者</span></h1>
<p> 在公众号后台打开启用即可。</p>
<p> </p>
<h1><span style="color: rgba(255, 102, 0, 1)">三、配置服务器配置</span></h1>
<p><strong><span style="color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 1)">注：</span></strong>整个过程是动态的，是得先把后端的web和代码设置好，再来配置服务器配置，服务器配置的成功与否是会正儿八经的请求你填的这个URL去做校验的。刚开始的时候不太了解，以为只是填一下信息就行，一直token错误，最好的办法是边开发，边调试。</p>
<p> </p>
<p><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/746846/202007/746846-20200729234105169-1737059240.png" alt=""></p>
<div><strong><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">1、配置服务器的四个参数</span></strong></div>
<div>
<p><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/746846/202007/746846-20200729234211604-898760721.png" alt=""></p>
</div>
<div> </div>
<div>1）URL：请求到web服务器的地址</div>
<div>2）Token：任意填写 </div>
<div>3）EncodingAESKey：随机生成 </div>
<div>4）消息加解密方式：明文方式 </div>
<div> </div>
<div><strong><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">2、Web请求过去的四个参数</span></strong></div>
<div> </div>
<div><strong><span style="color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 1)">/?signature=xxx&echostr=xxx&timestamp=xxx&nonce=xxx</span></strong></div>
<div> </div>
<div>1）signature 加密签名，signature结合了开发者填写的token参数和请求中的timestamp参数、nonce参数；</div>
<div> signature 加密签名 = token（开发者）+ timestamp参数 + nonce参数</div>
<div>2）echostr 随机字符串</div>
<div>3）timestamp 时间戳</div>
<div>4）nonce 随机数</div>
<div> </div>
<div><strong><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">3、后端服务器</span></strong></div>
<div> </div>
<div>后端服务器将通过检验signature对请求进行校验，校验方法如下：</div>
<div> </div>
<div>1）获取请求的四个参数signature、echostr、timestamp、nonce</div>
<div>2）对token（代码里指定）、timestamp参数、nonce参数进行字典排序</div>
<div>3）将三个参数字符串拼接成一个字符串并进行sha1加密</div>
<div>4）对加密后的字符串与请求获取的signature对比，如果一样，返回echostr，对接成功</div>
<div> </div>
<div><strong><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">4、代码实现</span></strong></div>
<div> </div>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">from</span> flask <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">import</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> Flask
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">from</span> flask <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">import</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> request
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">import</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> hashlib
app </span>= Flask(<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">__name__</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">)
@app.route(</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">/wechat</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">)
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">def</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> wechat():
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 1、 获取携带的 signature、timestamp、nonce、echostr</span>
signature = request.args.get(<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">signature</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span>, <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">""</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">)
timestamp </span>= request.args.get(<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">timestamp</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span>, <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">""</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">)
nonce </span>= request.args.get(<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">nonce</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span>, <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">""</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">)
echostr </span>= request.args.get(<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">echostr</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span>, <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">""</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">)
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">print</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">(signature, timestamp, nonce, echostr)
token</span>=<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">xxxxxxxxx</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span>
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 2、 进行字典排序</span>
data =<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">
data.sort()
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 3、三个参数拼接成一个字符串并进行sha1加密</span>
temp = <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">''</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">.join(data)
sha1 </span>= hashlib.sha1(temp.encode(<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">utf-8</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">))
hashcode </span>=<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> sha1.hexdigest()
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">print</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">(hashcode)
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 4、对比获取到的signature与根据上面token生成的hashcode，如果一致，则返回echostr，对接成功</span>
<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">if</span> hashcode ==<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> signature:
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">return</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> echostr
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">else</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">:
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">return</span> <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">error</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span>
<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">if</span> <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">__name__</span> == <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">__main__</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">:
app.run(host</span>=<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">0.0.0.0</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>, port=5000, debug=True)</pre>
</div>
<p> </p>
<h1><span style="color: rgba(255, 102, 0, 1)">五、写在最后</span></h1>
<div>在平凡中坚持前行，总有一天会遇见不一样的自己。</div>
<div> </div>
<div>写博客记录、思考、总结，趟过的坑不趟第二遍。</div>
<div> </div>
<p>所有的文章，皆同步在公众号“运维汪”，可关注；也可加入“不扯淡，专注于技术”的QQ群：753512236 </p>
<p><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/746846/202007/746846-20200729234852499-835428600.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<p> </p>
</div>
<div id="MySignature" role="contentinfo">
<div>作者：李先生</div>
<div>出处：https://www.cnblogs.com/lemon-le/
</div>
<p>-------------------------------------------</p>
<p>个性签名：在平凡中坚持前行，总有一天会遇见不一样的自己！</p>
<p>如果觉得这篇文章对你有小小的帮助的话，记得在右下角点个<span>“推荐”</span>哦，博主在此感谢！</p>
<p></p>
<p>万水千山总是情，打赏一分行不行，所以如果你心情还比较高兴，也是可以扫码打赏博主，哈哈哈(っ•̀ω•́)っ✎⁾⁾！</p>
<img src="https://images.cnblogs.com/cnblogs_com/lemon-le/871591/o_w2.png" alt="微信公众号">
<img src="https://www.cnblogs.com/images/cnblogs_com/lemon-le/871591/o_wechat.png" alt="微信打赏">
<img src="https://www.cnblogs.com/images/cnblogs_com/lemon-le/871591/o_zhifubao.png" alt="微信打赏">
<p> 微信公众号 微信打赏 支付宝打赏</p><br><br>
来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/lemon-le/p/13401423.html
頁:
[1]