脑袋困掉啦 發表於 2022-1-10 16:13:00

入门级 - 码云(Gitee),GitHub 教程

<p style="text-align: center">前言</p>
<p>这篇文章的目的是记录我的关于GitHub的内容,从注册、下载直到设置成功每一步都有解释,其中有一些截图或者代码来自于网络。</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>GitHub和码云均基于Git,所以两者的操作方法基本一致,只需要学习其中一种即可。</p>
<p>GitHub与码云均提供免费的代码仓库。</p>
<p>GitHub免费版只能创建公开的项目,私有项目需要付费,截止本文发布时,服务费用是<strong>$7.00</strong>;</p>
<p>码云免费版支持5人以下的组织,可以创建私有项目。</p>
<p>&nbsp;码云:https://gitee.com/</p>
<p>GitHub:https://github.com</p>
<p>由于GitHub是全英文界面,对于一个英语盲,学习成本稍显高昂了点,所以我这里从码云下手。</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;<span style="font-size: 18pt">正文</span></p>
<p><strong><span style="font-size: 18px">1.账户注册:</span></strong></p>
<p>无论是GitHub还是码云(下称Gitee),要使用他们,我们都需要先注册账户,已有账户的可以跳过此步骤。</p>
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<p><strong><span style="font-size: 18px">2.创建仓库:</span></strong></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 16px"><strong>a.创建远程仓库</strong></span></p>
<p>登入Gitee后,点击头像旁边的"+"加号--&gt;新建项目</p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12px; color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 1)">GitHub的操作方式与Gitee类似,这里不做截图比较</span></p>
<p><img src="https://images2018.cnblogs.com/blog/653420/201802/653420-20180224144531862-456600293.png" alt="" width="203" height="175" class="medium-zoom-image"></p>
<p>填写项目基本信息后直接点击创建,这样一个远程仓库就已经创建完成了。</p>
<p><img src="https://images2018.cnblogs.com/blog/653420/201802/653420-20180224144624886-1300944731.png" alt="" width="456" height="449" class="medium-zoom-image"></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong><span style="font-size: 16px">&nbsp;b.初始化本地仓库</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span style="font-size: 14px">1)Git Bash安装</span></strong></p>
<p>本地仓库的初始化需要借助软件Git Bash 来完成。点击前往Git官网</p>
<p>下载适用您的电脑的Git版本,下载完成后运行安装程序,过程中使用默认选项即可,若须修改安装路径,须保证安装路径为全英文。</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>完成安装后运行Git Bash,出现下面这样的命令行窗口,</p>
<p>Hanani@LAPTOP-AFP6HIES MINGW64 ~ 是什么意思,</p>
<p>@前是计算机用户名,</p>
<p>@后是计算机名,</p>
<p>MINGW64表示正在运行的Git Bash的信息</p>
<p>~表示根目录,默认情况下是C:\Users\Administrator,这里是C:\Users\Hanani</p>
<p><img src="https://images2018.cnblogs.com/blog/653420/201802/653420-20180224154858319-1048593391.png" alt="" width="373" height="237" class="medium-zoom-image"></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong><span style="font-size: 14px">2)获取SSHKey</span></strong></p>
<p>首先要在本地创建一个ssh key 这个的目的就是你现在需要在你电脑上获得一个密匙。</p>
<p>按如下命令来生成sshkey:</p>
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<pre><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)"><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">$</span> ssh-keygen</span> -t rsa -C <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">youremail@youremail.com</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"># Generating public</span>/<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">private rsa key pair...# 三次回车即可生成 </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">ssh</span> key</pre>
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<p>&nbsp;查看你的 public key,</p>
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<pre><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)"><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">$</span> cat</span> ~/.<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">ssh</span>/<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">id_rsa.pub# </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">ssh</span>-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2E... <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">youremail@youremail.com</span></pre>
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<p>并把他添加到Gitee(gitee.com SSHKey添加地址)或GitHub(github.com SSHKey添加地址)</p>
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<p><img src="https://images2018.cnblogs.com/blog/653420/201802/653420-20180224160458647-586580315.png" alt="" width="433" height="238" class="medium-zoom-image"></p>
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<p><img src="https://images2018.cnblogs.com/blog/653420/201802/653420-20180224161005660-1881319169.png" alt="" width="445" height="255" class="medium-zoom-image"></p>
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<td style="text-align: center">Gitee</td>
<td style="text-align: center">GitHub</td>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>添加后,在终端中输入</p>
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<pre><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">#Gitee$ </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">ssh</span> -<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">T git@gitee.com<br>#GitHub$ </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">ssh</span> -T git@github.com</pre>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="font-family: 宋体">第一次绑定的时候输入上边的代码之后会提示是否continue</span>,输入yes后程序会自动连接,如果要求登录,直接输入登录信息即可。</p>
<p>再次执行上面的命令,检查是否成功连接,如果返回一下信息,则表示添加成功</p>
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<div class="line number1 index0 alt2"><code class="javascript preprocessor">#Gitee</code></div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1"><code class="javascript plain">Welcome to Gitee.com, YourName!</code></div>
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<div class="line number4 index3 alt1"><code class="javascript preprocessor">#GitHub</code></div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2"><code class="javascript plain">You've successfully authenticated, but GitHub does not provide shell access.</code></div>
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<p><span style="font-size: 14px"><strong>3) 设置基本信息</strong></span></p>
<p>&nbsp;<span style="color: rgba(51, 51, 51, 1)">接下来还需要简单的设置一些东西。</span></p>
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<pre>$ git config --global user.name <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">yourname</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"<br></span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">$ git config </span>--global user.email <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">youremail@youremail.com</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span></pre>
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<p>&nbsp;name尽量和码云或GitHub保持一致,但email必须是码云或GitHub注册时使用的邮箱。命令不分前后,没有顺序。</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong><span style="font-size: 14px">4)初始化本地库</span></strong></p>
<p>然后就是将你的远程仓库克隆到本地,或者你可以在本地初始化一个项目后再进行云端绑定。</p>
<p>克隆</p>
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<pre><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">#<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">Gitee<br></span>$ git clone https:</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">gitee.com/yourname/repository<br><br></span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">#Github<br>$ git clone https:</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">github.com/yourname/repository.git</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">#yourname您在码云或github注册的用户名#repository您创建的远程仓库名称</span></pre>
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<p>本地初始化</p>
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<pre><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">#Gitee$ cd d:</span>/test <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">首先在文件系统中创建一个项目文件夹,然后在Git中 cd 到这个工程目录<br></span>$ git init <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">初始化本地项目<br></span>$ git remote add origin &lt;远程仓库地址&gt; <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">绑定远程仓库</span>#注:地址形式为 https:<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">gitee.com/yourname/<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">test</span>.git 或 git@gitee.com:<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">yourname</span>/<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">test</span>.git<br><br></span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">#Github<br>$ cd d:</span>/<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">test<br>$ git init<br>$ git remote add origin &lt;远程仓库地址&gt;<br>#注:地址形式为 https:</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">github.com/<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">yourname</span>/test.git</span></pre>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong><span style="font-size: 16px">c.更新到远程仓库</span></strong></p>
<p>在本地进行编辑后,更新到远程仓库</p>
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<pre>git add .    <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">指定更新内容    . 表示全部更新,test.txt 表示更新指定文件<br><br></span>git commit -m <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">一些注释说明</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span>   <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">添加更新说明<br><br></span>git push origin master            <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">执行更新操作</span></pre>
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<p>在执行更新操作时,由于需要验证远程仓库的用户信息,程序反应较慢,不要以为Git Bash挂掉了哦</p>
<p>如果是第一次更新,那么可能会跳出下面这样的窗口,输入您的用户名和密码,点击登录即可。</p>
<p><img src="https://images2018.cnblogs.com/blog/653420/201802/653420-20180224164107606-1737289762.png" alt="" width="264" height="264" class="medium-zoom-image"></p>
<p>如果后续进行更新操作时出现这种情况,那么表示登录失败了,需要重新记录您的用户信息,再次输入用户名、密码登录即可</p>
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<pre>Logon failed, use ctrl+<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">c to cancel basic credential prompt.Username </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">for</span> <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">https://githun.com</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span></pre>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>最后再说两句</p>
<p>如何从远程仓库同步最新版本到本地</p>
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<pre>$ cd d:/<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">test$ git pull origin master</span></pre>
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<p>如何清屏</p>
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<pre>$ <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">clear</span></pre>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>参考:</p>
<p>廖雪峰的Git教程</p>
<p>码云平台帮助文档 http://git.mydoc.io/</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><br><br></p><br><br>
来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/saxum/p/15784868.html
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