【NodeJS】使用 NVM 安装 Node.js 22 并配备国内镜像加速
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<div class="markdown_views prism-atom-one-dark" id="content_views"><svg style="display: none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M5,0 0,2.5 5,5z" id="raphael-marker-block" stroke-linecap="round" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"></path></svg><h2>使用 NVM 安装 Node.js 22 并配置国内镜像加速</h2><p>在前端开发或全栈开发中，<strong>Node.js</strong> 是绕不开的核心环境。但由于网络原因，直接使用 <code>nvm install</code> 安装 Node.js 往往会遇到下载缓慢甚至失败的问题。本文将手把手带你使用 <strong>NVM (Node Version Manager)</strong> 配置国内镜像源，并快速安装 <strong>Node.js 22</strong> 最新版本。</p><hr><h3>一、前置知识</h3><ol><li><p><strong>NVM 是什么？</strong></p><ul><li>NVM 全称 Node Version Manager，顾名思义就是 Node.js 版本管理工具。</li><li>它可以让你在同一台电脑上自由切换多个 Node.js 版本，避免不同项目之间的环境冲突。</li></ul></li><li><p><strong>为什么需要镜像？</strong></p><ul><li>NVM 默认从 <code>nodejs.org</code> 下载 Node.js 二进制包，国内访问速度比较慢。</li><li>通过配置 <code>NVM_NODEJS_ORG_MIRROR</code> 环境变量，可以将下载源切换到国内的镜像站（如淘宝、npmmirror），显著提升下载速度。</li></ul></li></ol><hr><h3>二、安装 NVM</h3><p>如果你还没有安装 NVM，可以按照以下步骤：</p><ul><li><p><strong>Windows 用户</strong></p><ul><li>推荐使用 nvm-windows</li><li>下载 <code>.exe</code> 安装包，一路 Next 即可。</li></ul></li><li><p><strong>Linux / macOS 用户</strong></p> <pre style="white-space: pre !important; word-wrap: normal !important; overflow-x: auto !important"><code class="prism language-bash"><span class="token function">curl</span> -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/master/install.sh <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token function">bash</span></code></pre> <p>安装完成后记得重新打开终端，或者 <code>source ~/.bashrc</code>。</p></li></ul><hr><h3>三、配置国内镜像源</h3><p>Windows 系统下，可以在 CMD / PowerShell 中运行：</p>
<pre style="white-space: pre !important; word-wrap: normal !important; overflow-x: auto !important"><code class="prism language-bash"><span class="token builtin class-name">set</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">NVM_NODEJS_ORG_MIRROR</span><span class="token operator">=</span>https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/node/</code></pre>
<p>Linux / macOS 系统，可以写入到 <code>~/.bashrc</code> 或 <code>~/.zshrc</code> 中：</p>
<pre style="white-space: pre !important; word-wrap: normal !important; overflow-x: auto !important"><code class="prism language-bash"><span class="token builtin class-name">export</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">NVM_NODEJS_ORG_MIRROR</span><span class="token operator">=</span>https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/node/</code></pre>
<p>保存后执行 <code>source ~/.bashrc</code> 生效。</p><hr><h3>四、安装 Node.js 22</h3><p>执行以下命令即可：</p>
<pre style="white-space: pre !important; word-wrap: normal !important; overflow-x: auto !important"><code class="prism language-bash">nvm <span class="token function">install</span> <span class="token number">22</span></code></pre>
<p>如果需要切换到该版本：</p>
<pre style="white-space: pre !important; word-wrap: normal !important; overflow-x: auto !important"><code class="prism language-bash">nvm use <span class="token number">22</span></code></pre>
<p>查看当前 Node.js 版本：</p>
<pre style="white-space: pre !important; word-wrap: normal !important; overflow-x: auto !important"><code class="prism language-bash">node -v</code></pre>
<p>查看全局 npm 版本：</p>
<pre style="white-space: pre !important; word-wrap: normal !important; overflow-x: auto !important"><code class="prism language-bash"><span class="token function">npm</span> -v</code></pre>
<hr><h3>五、验证是否安装成功</h3><p>运行一个简单的 JavaScript 文件：</p>
<pre style="white-space: pre !important; word-wrap: normal !important; overflow-x: auto !important"><code class="prism language-javascript"><span class="token comment">// test.js</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Hello, Node.js "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> process<span class="token punctuation">.</span>version<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
<p>执行：</p>
<pre style="white-space: pre !important; word-wrap: normal !important; overflow-x: auto !important"><code class="prism language-bash">node test.js</code></pre>
<p>如果输出类似 <code>Hello, Node.js v22.6.0</code>（版本号视具体安装情况而定），说明安装成功。</p><hr><h3>六、常见问题排查</h3><ol><li><p><strong>报错 <code>找不到可用的版本</code></strong></p><ul><li>确认你的 <code>NVM_NODEJS_ORG_MIRROR</code> 设置正确。</li><li>可以直接访问 npmmirror Node.js 镜像 查看是否能打开。</li></ul></li><li><p><strong>安装后 Node.js 无法使用</strong></p><ul><li><p>Windows 需要以管理员权限运行命令行。</p></li><li><p>Linux/macOS 确认 <code>nvm.sh</code> 已正确加载，可以在 <code>.bashrc</code> 中添加：</p> <pre style="white-space: pre !important; word-wrap: normal !important; overflow-x: auto !important"><code class="prism language-bash"><span class="token builtin class-name">export</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">NVM_DIR</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"<span class="token environment constant">$HOME</span>/.nvm"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span> -s <span class="token string">"<span class="token variable">$NVM_DIR</span>/nvm.sh"</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">&&</span> <span class="token punctuation">\</span>. <span class="token string">"<span class="token variable">$NVM_DIR</span>/nvm.sh"</span></code></pre> </li></ul></li><li><p><strong>切换版本无效</strong></p><ul><li>在 Windows 下，可能需要重新打开终端窗口。</li><li>确认 <code>nvm list</code> 输出中已显示对应版本。</li></ul></li></ol><hr><h3>七、总结</h3><ul><li>使用 NVM 可以灵活管理 Node.js 版本。</li><li>配置 <code>NVM_NODEJS_ORG_MIRROR</code> 后，可以大大加快 Node.js 的下载速度。</li></ul></div>
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来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/clnchanpin/p/19172032
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