Java开发环境全套安装及配置图文教程Deepin开发真香！
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<h1 class="titleSize"><span class="titleTxt">Java开发环境全套安装及配置图文教程<span class="titleTxt">Deepin开发真香！</span></span></h1>
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<div class="authorNameBadge">ramostear</div>
<div class="infoSet ellipsis"><span class="publishTime">05-07 18:35</span></div>
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<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding"><span class="bjh-blockquote"><span class="bjh-p">Deepin操作系统是中国最活跃的 Linux 发行版，Deepin 为所有人提供稳定、高效的操作系统，强调安全、易用、美观。其口号为“免除新手痛苦，节约老手时间”。</span></span></p>
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<div><img src="https://f11.baidu.com/it/u=1176788890,2974824761&fm=173&app=49&f=JPEG?w=640&h=362&s=3E26C204309A226B589FE793030010AF&access=215967316" alt="" data-index="0"></div>
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<div class="openImg">打开百度APP，查看更多高清图片</div>
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<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding">序言</p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding"><span class="bjh-p">本文主要介绍如何在Deepin操作系统中配置完整的Java开发环境，配置内容如下：</span></p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding"><span class="bjh-ul"><span class="bjh-li">JDK：JDK的下载、安装和配置<span class="bjh-li">Maven：Maven的下载、安装和配置<span class="bjh-li">IDEA：IntelliJ IDEA的下载、安装和配置<span class="bjh-li">Spring Initializr：在IDEA中安装Spring Initializr插件<span class="bjh-li">Hello World：编写并运行一个Hello World项目<span class="bjh-blockquote"><span class="bjh-p">本文内容主要是针对Java开发环境的配置教程</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding">一.安装JDK</p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding"><span class="bjh-p">作为一个Java开发者，准备好JDK的环境是第一件必须做的事情。如果你使用的是IDEA 2020,则可以使用IDEA自身下载并配置的JDK。但我还是一如既往的配置自己的JDK环境，这至少需要做四件事情：下载、安装、配置和验证。</span></p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding">1.1 下载JDK</p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding"><span class="bjh-p">访问JDK的官方下载网站，在下载列表中选择对应的JDK版本以及操作系统，点击下载链接并下载，以JDK 8为例，下载页面地址如下：</span></p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding"><span class="bjh-p">https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/javase/javase8u211-later-archive-downloads.html</span></p>
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<div><img src="https://f10.baidu.com/it/u=1290198993,783761418&fm=173&app=49&f=JPEG?w=640&h=245&s=9D2270330BAA452256E4F1CF000050B0&access=215967316" alt="" data-index="1"></div>
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<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding"><span class="bjh-blockquote"><span class="bjh-p">提示<span class="bjh-p">在下载JDK时，需要提供一个可用的Oracle帐号，如果没有，请注册一个Oracle帐号后再继续下载。</span></span></span></p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding">1.2 解压安装包</p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding"><span class="bjh-p">进入JDK安装包下载目录，然后使用如下命令解压缩JDK安装包：</span></p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding">$ tar -zxvf jdk-8u241-linux-x64.tar.gz<span class="bjh-p">命令执行完成后，在/usr/lib目录下创建一个名为jvm的文件夹，命令如下：</span></p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding">$ cd /usr/lib$ sudo mkdir jvm<span class="bjh-p">然后将解压出的文件移动到/usr/lib/jvm中，命令如下：</span></p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding">$ sudo mv jdk1.8.0_241/ /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0.241<span class="bjh-blockquote"><span class="bjh-p">提示<span class="bjh-p">安装路径可自定义，按照自己的使用习惯进行定义即可</span></span></span></p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding">1.3 配置JDK环境变量</p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding"><span class="bjh-p">JDK安装到位后，我们需要向系统环境中写入JDK的变量。在这里，为了防止每次打开终端都需要重新输入<span class="bjh-strong">source /etc/profile命令让JDK配置生效，我们使用另外一种方式，将JDK配置为全局变量，命令如下：</span></span></p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding">sudo vim /etc/bash.bashrc<span class="bjh-p">命令执行后，将进入Vim文件预览界面：</span></p>
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<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding"><span class="bjh-p">此时键入<span class="bjh-strong">“I”键进入编辑状态，并在内容末尾加入下列配置信息：</span></span></p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding">JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0.241CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib.tools.jarPATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATHexport JAVA_HOME CLASSPATH PATH</p>
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<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding"><span class="bjh-p">配置完成后，键入<span class="bjh-strong">“ESC”键退出编辑状态，并输入<span class="bjh-strong">:qw命令保存修改。</span></span></span></p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding"><span class="bjh-p">接下来，在终端输入如下命令使刚刚编辑的环境变量生效，命令如下：</span></p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding">source /etc/bash.bashrc1.4 JDK安装检查</p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding"><span class="bjh-p">通过以上三个步骤，我们便在Deepin操作系统中（全局）安装好了JDK的环境。接下来，关闭并重新打开终端，并输入如下的命令，验证JDK是否安装成功：</span></p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding">$ java -version<span class="bjh-p">如果JDK被成功安装到Deepin操作系统上，则可以在终端上看到如下的信息：</span></p>
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<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding"><span class="bjh-blockquote"><span class="bjh-p">提示<span class="bjh-p">在配置JDK的环境变量时，“=”号左右两侧不要有空格，如果配置未能生效，请检查你的配置内容是否书写正确。</span></span></span></p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding">二.Maven配置</p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding"><span class="bjh-p">对于Java开发者来说，通常需要在所开发的项目中引入很多第三方的依赖包，例如SpringFramework,Log4j,MySQL,JPA等等。为了更好的管理项目中的依赖包，我们会在本地计算机中安装一个项目自动构建工具，例如Maven,Gradle等。本文以Maven为例，演示如果在Deepin中安装项目自动构建工具。</span></p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding">2.1 下载Maven</p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding"><span class="bjh-p">访问Apache Maven官网，点击Download按钮进入下载列表，然后选择对于的操作系统版本进行下载。官方地址如下：</span></p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding">http://maven.apache.org/download.cgi</p>
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<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding">2.2 安装Maven</p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding"><span class="bjh-p">新创建一个目录用于安装Maven,例如我将maven安装到/home/ramostear/tools/maven3.6.3目录下。首先创建目录，命令如下：</span></p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding">$ mkdir /home/ramostear/tools<span class="bjh-p">然后，解压Maven安装包，并将文件剪切到安装目录下：</span></p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding">$ tar -zxvf apache-maven-3.6.3-bin.tar.gz</p>
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<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding"><span class="bjh-p">现在，使用下面的命令将解压后的文件剪切到安装目录：</span></p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding">$ mv /home/ramostear/Downloads/apache-maven-3.6.3 /home/ramostear/tools/<span class="bjh-blockquote"><span class="bjh-p">提示<span class="bjh-p">Maven的安装路径根据自己喜好可自定义，例如安装在/usr/local/目录下。</span></span></span></p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding">2.3 修改默认仓库</p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding"><span class="bjh-p">进入Maven安装路径，并创建一个名为<span class="bjh-strong">“repo”的文件夹作为依赖包的存放地址，</span></span></p>
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<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding"><span class="bjh-p">然后打开conf/setting.xml文件，添加如下配置：</span></p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding"><localRepository>/home/ramostear/tools/apache-maven-3.6.3/repo</localRepository><span class="bjh-p">如下图所示：</span></p>
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<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding"><span class="bjh-p">配置完成后，请将此文件拷贝一份到repo目录中。</span></p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding">2.4 配置Maven环境变量</p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding"><span class="bjh-p">打开终端，输入下面命令：</span></p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding">$ sudo vim /etc/bash.bashrc<span class="bjh-p">然后按“I”键进入编辑状态，并输入下面的配置信息：</span></p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding">M2_HOME=/home/ramostear/tools/apache-maven-3.6.3PATH=$M2_HOME/binexport M2_HOME<span class="bjh-p">按“ESC”键退出编辑，输入“:wq”退出。</span></p>
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<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding"><span class="bjh-p">最后，在终端输入如下命令，使maven的环境变量生效：</span></p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding">$ source /etc/bash.bashrc2.5 Maven安装检查</p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding"><span class="bjh-p">关闭并重新打开终端，在终端输入如下命令，检查Maven是否安装成功：</span></p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding">$ mvn -v<span class="bjh-p">若Maven已经安装成功，将看到如下的输出信息：</span></p>
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<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding">三、安装IntelliJ IDEA</p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding"><span class="bjh-p">工欲善其事，必先利其器。前面，我们已经成功安装了Java开发最基本的两个环境，接下来我们将安装Java的编码工具。一个好的编码工具能让你的工作和学习事半功倍，我将以IntelliJ IDEA为例介绍IDE的安装过程。</span></p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding">3.1 应用市场安装</p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding"><span class="bjh-p">在Deepin的应用市场中，已经为我们提供了IntelliJ IDEA的安装包。我们只需在应用市场左侧的菜单栏选择“编程开发”，然后在右侧的列表中选择IntelliJ IDEA Ultimate或者IntelliJ IDEA Community版本进行安装即可。</span></p>
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<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding">3.2 手动安装</p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding"><span class="bjh-p">对于Java开发而言，我们使用IntelliJ IDEA的社区版提供的功能即可满足。如果你想体验更多的功能，也可以付费并下载商业版本使用。本文以社区版进行演示。访问下列地址下载IDEA社区版：</span></p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding"><span class="bjh-p">https://www.jetbrains.com/idea/download/#section=linux</span></p>
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<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding"><span class="bjh-p">文件下载完成后，将压缩包解压至目标文件夹，例如：</span></p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding">$ tar -zxvf ideaIC-2020.1.1.tar.gz -C /home/ramostear/tools/<span class="bjh-p">解压完成后，IDEA软件将存放于/home/ramostear/tools**目录下。进入bin目录，点击“idea.sh”启动软件。</span></p>
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<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding"><span class="bjh-p">到此，我们以成功在Deepin中安装好IntelliJ IDEA。</span></p>
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<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding">3.3 安装Spring Boot插件</p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding"><span class="bjh-p">IntelliJ IDEA 社区版并未提供创建Spring Boot项目的插件，因此我们需要自行安装该插件。在创建新的项目之前，点击“Configure”按钮，进入软件配置界面。</span></p>
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<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding"><span class="bjh-p">点击 “Plugins”选项，在右侧的搜索框内输入“Spring Boot”,然后选择“Spring Assistant”，点击“Install”按钮安装插件。</span></p>
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<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding"><span class="bjh-p">安装完成后，重启IDEA即可。</span></p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding">四、创建Spring Boot项目</p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding"><span class="bjh-p">工具准备完成后，重启IDEA并点击“Creat New Project”按钮，在Deepin中创建第一个Spring Boot项目。进入配置也没后，点击左侧的“Spring Assistant”选项，然后点击“Next”按钮。</span></p>
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<div class="contentImg" style="margin: 0 auto; padding: 0; outline: 0; border-radius: 3px; border: 0 currentColor; border-image: none; overflow: hidden; position: relative; max-width: 640px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent">
<div><img src="https://f10.baidu.com/it/u=1815036645,428015463&fm=173&app=49&f=JPEG?w=640&h=324&s=FA80B144C9CAB7681449740F0000E0C1&access=215967316" alt="" data-index="17"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding"><span class="bjh-p">接下来，填写项目的相关信息，然后点击“Next”按钮进入下一步：</span></p>
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<div class="contentImg" style="margin: 0 auto; padding: 0; outline: 0; border-radius: 3px; border: 0 currentColor; border-image: none; overflow: hidden; position: relative; max-width: 640px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent">
<div><img src="https://f11.baidu.com/it/u=4216146040,2319212694&fm=173&app=49&f=JPEG?w=640&h=324&s=3A81A544C9CAB7681C75C40F0000E0C1&access=215967316" alt="" data-index="18"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding"><span class="bjh-p">最后，我们选择添加一个Spring Web MVC的依赖包，如下图所示，然后点击Next完成项目创建。</span></p>
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<div><img src="https://f10.baidu.com/it/u=1898576202,1542483140&fm=173&app=49&f=JPEG?w=640&h=324&s=3A81A1445ED69E0D243EA51E00008092&access=215967316" alt="" data-index="19"></div>
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<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding"><span class="bjh-p">由于是第一次创建Spring Boot项目，需要花费一些时间去下载相关的依赖包。若发现未能正常下载依赖包到本地配置的maven仓库，请检查IDEA中Maven仓库地址是否正确。</span></p>
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<div class="contentImg" style="margin: 0 auto; padding: 0; outline: 0; border-radius: 3px; border: 0 currentColor; border-image: none; overflow: hidden; position: relative; max-width: 640px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent">
<div><img src="https://f12.baidu.com/it/u=3663480917,240390719&fm=173&app=49&f=JPEG?w=640&h=322&s=BB85A444C9CAB7684C5CA50D0000E0C0&access=215967316" alt="" data-index="20"></div>
</div>
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<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding"><span class="bjh-p">依赖加载完成后，你的项目应该是这样的：</span></p>
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<div class="contentImg" style="margin: 0 auto; padding: 0; outline: 0; border-radius: 3px; border: 0 currentColor; border-image: none; overflow: hidden; position: relative; max-width: 640px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent">
<div><img src="https://f10.baidu.com/it/u=2231362947,2400530706&fm=173&app=49&f=JPEG?w=640&h=322&s=FAD3A544CBEAB7685C59B4870000E081&access=215967316" alt="" data-index="21"></div>
</div>
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<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding"><span class="bjh-p">最后，点击绿色小三角运行项目，项目启动后，控制台将输出如下信息：</span></p>
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<div class="contentImg" style="margin: 0 auto; padding: 0; outline: 0; border-radius: 3px; border: 0 currentColor; border-image: none; overflow: hidden; position: relative; max-width: 640px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent">
<div><img src="https://f12.baidu.com/it/u=22098164,23151392&fm=173&app=49&f=JPEG?w=640&h=322&s=FAD7A544CFEAB7681C7DF48E0100E082&access=215967316" alt="" data-index="22"></div>
</div>
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</div>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding">小结</p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding"><span class="bjh-p">本文详细介绍了如何在Deepin中安装并配置JDK、Maven、IntelliJ IDEA以及IDEA 插件，最后通过一个简单的Spring Boot项目检验了开发环境的工作状态。</span></p>
<p class="contentText contentSizecontentPadding"><span class="bjh-blockquote"><span class="bjh-p">原创文章，未经允许，请勿转载！</span></span></p>
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