FFmpeg开发笔记（六十七）Windows给FFmpeg集成支持RIST协议的librist
<span data-cke-copybin-start="1"><span data-cke-copybin-start="1"></span></span>《FFmpeg开发实战：从零基础到短视频上线》一书的“10.2 FFmpeg推流和拉流”提到直播行业存在RTSP和RTMP两种常见的流媒体协议。除此以外，还有比较两种比较新的流媒体协议，分别是SRT和RIST。<p><span id="cke_bm_211S"> 其中SRT全称为Secure Reliable Transport，中文叫做安全可靠传输协议。RIST全称为Reliable Internet Stream Transport，中文叫做可靠的互联网流传输协议。SRT和RIST两个协议均在2017年发布，腾讯视频云已将SRT作为传输层之上的协议。根据腾讯视频云的实践，相比传统的RTMP直播协议，SRT对推流卡顿问题有明显改善。<br>
接下来以微软的视窗系统为例，介绍如何在Windows环境给FFmpeg集成支持RIST协议的librist，具体的操作步骤说明如下：</span></p>
<h1>一、配置librist</h1>
<p>librist是一款RIST协议的支持库。它的源码托管页面在https://code.videolan.org/rist/librist，最新版本是2024年11月发布的librist-v0.2.11，该版本的源码包下载地址是https://code.videolan.org/rist/librist/-/archive/v.0.2.11/librist-v.0.2.11.tar.gz。<br>
librist的配置步骤说明如下。</p>
<h2>1、安装编译工具meson和ninja</h2>
<p>meson和ninja是基于Python语言的编译工具，故需确保Windows系统已经安装了Python3。另外，还要按照《FFmpeg开发实战：从零基础到短视频上线》第一章的“1.3.2 安装依赖的Windows软件”给电脑安装Visual Studio 2022。<br>
接着依次选择Windows开始菜单的“Visual Studio 2022”→“x64 Native Tools Command Prompt for VS 2022”，打开Visual Studio 2022的命令行界面，执行以下命令安装meson和ninja。</p>
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<pre class="cke_widget_element" data-cke-widget-data="%7B%22code%22%3A%22pip3%20install%20meson%5Cnpip3%20install%20ninja%22%2C%22classes%22%3Anull%7D" data-cke-widget-keep-attr="0" data-cke-widget-upcasted="1" data-widget="codeSnippet"><code class="hljs">pip3 install meson
pip3 install ninja</code></pre>
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<h2>2、使用meson配置librist</h2>
<p>先下载最新的librist源码，解压下载后的源码包，再从Visual Studio 2022的命令行进入librist源码目录：</p>
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<pre class="cke_widget_element" data-cke-widget-data="%7B%22code%22%3A%22cd%20librist-v.0.2.11%22%2C%22classes%22%3Anull%7D" data-cke-widget-keep-attr="0" data-cke-widget-upcasted="1" data-widget="codeSnippet"><code class="hljs">cd librist-v.0.2.11</code></pre>
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<p>然后运行下面命令生成librist的VS工程：</p>
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<pre class="cke_widget_element" data-cke-widget-data="%7B%22code%22%3A%22meson%20setup%20build%20--buildtype%3Drelease%20--backend%3Dvs%22%2C%22classes%22%3Anull%7D" data-cke-widget-keep-attr="0" data-cke-widget-upcasted="1" data-widget="codeSnippet"><code class="hljs">meson setup build --buildtype=release --backend=vs</code></pre>
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<p>配置完成后，librist源码目录下出现build目录，里面便是meson给librist生成的VS工程。</p>
<h1>二、编译librist</h1>
<p>打开Visual Studio 2022，在欢迎页面单击右侧的“打开项目或解决方案”，在弹出的文件对话框中选择librist-v.0.2.11\build目录下的libRIST.sln。<br>
打开librist工程后，依次选择顶部菜单：生成→生成→生成librist，Visual Studio就开始编译librist模块。编译过程可在Visual Studio界面下方观察，直到编译完成如下图所示。</p>
<p><span class="cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_image cke_image_nocaption cke_widget_selected" data-cke-display-name="图像" data-cke-filter="off" data-cke-widget-id="9" data-cke-widget-wrapper="1"><span class="cke_reset cke_widget_drag_handler_container"><span class="cke_image_resizer" title="点击并拖拽以改变尺寸"><span class="cke_widget_edit_container" title="编辑图片"><img src="https://img2024.cnblogs.com/blog/729938/202506/729938-20250621115401691-1211679872.png"></span></span></span></span></p>
<p>此时可在librist-v.0.2.11\build目录下找到librist.lib和librist.dll，这两个文件就是编译生成的librist库文件。</p>
<h1>三、安装librist</h1>
<p>确保Windows系统已经按照《FFmpeg开发实战：从零基础到短视频上线》第一章“1.3 Windows系统安装FFmpeg”的说明安装配置了MSYS，再按照以下步骤在MSYS环境安装librist。<br>
1、在msys64的/usr/local目录下新建librist目录，并在该目录下创建lib子目录；<br>
2、把librist工程中build目录下的librist.lib和librist.dll两个文件复制到第一步创建的lib目录；<br>
3、在lib目录下创建pkgconfig子目录，并把librist工程的build\meson-private\librist.pc复制到pkgconfig目录；然后打开librist.pc，把开头一行改成下面这样。</p>
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<pre class="cke_widget_element" data-cke-widget-data="%7B%22code%22%3A%22prefix%3D%2Fusr%2Flocal%2Flibrist%22%2C%22classes%22%3Anull%7D" data-cke-widget-keep-attr="0" data-cke-widget-upcasted="1" data-widget="codeSnippet"><code class="hljs">prefix=/usr/local/librist</code></pre>
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<p>4、把librist工程的include目录复制到msys64的/usr/local/librist目录，把build\include\librist目录复制到msys64的/usr/local/librist/include目录；<br>
经过以上步骤操作后的librist目录结构如下所示。</p>
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<pre class="cke_widget_element" data-cke-widget-data="%7B%22code%22%3A%22%2Fusr%2Flocal%2Flibrist%5Cn%C2%A0%7C---------------%20lib%5Cn%C2%A0%7C%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%7C-----%20librist.lib%5Cn%C2%A0%7C%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%7C-----%20librist.dll%5Cn%C2%A0%7C%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%7C-----%20pkgconfig%5Cn%C2%A0%7C%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%7C-----%20librist.pc%5Cn%C2%A0%7C---------------%20include%5Cn%C2%A0%7C%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%7C-----%20librist%5Cn%C2%A0%7C%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%7C-----%20librist.h%5Cn%C2%A0%7C%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%7C-----%20librist_config.h%5Cn%C2%A0%7C%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%7C-----%20%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%22%2C%22classes%22%3Anull%7D" data-cke-widget-keep-attr="0" data-cke-widget-upcasted="1" data-widget="codeSnippet"><code class="hljs">/usr/local/librist
|--------------- lib
| |----- librist.lib
| |----- librist.dll
| |----- pkgconfig
| |----- librist.pc
|--------------- include
| |----- librist
| |----- librist.h
| |----- librist_config.h
| |----- ……</code></pre>
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<h1>四、编译安装FFmpeg</h1>
<p>先下载最新的FFmpeg源码（版本号需大于等于7.1），再把FFmpeg源码包复制到MSYS环境的/usr/local/src目录下。接着在MSYS控制台执行下面命令解压源码包：</p>
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<pre class="cke_widget_element" data-cke-widget-data="%7B%22code%22%3A%22cd%20%2Fusr%2Flocal%2Fsrc%5Cnunzip%20ffmpeg-n7.1.1.zip%22%2C%22classes%22%3Anull%7D" data-cke-widget-keep-attr="0" data-cke-widget-upcasted="1" data-widget="codeSnippet"><code class="hljs">cd /usr/local/src
unzip ffmpeg-n7.1.1.zip</code></pre>
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<p>确保MSYS环境已经按照《FFmpeg开发实战：从零基础到短视频上线》该书第八章的“8.1.1 给FFmpeg集成x264”和“8.1.5 给FFmpeg集成x265”安装了H.264的编码器libx264和H.265的编码器libx265，也按照该书第十章的“10.1.1 FFmpeg集成SDL”安装了Windows系统的SDL2库，并且按照之前的文章安装了H.266的编码器libvvenc，然后执行下面命令配置FFmpeg的编译环境：</p>
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<pre class="cke_widget_element" data-cke-widget-data="%7B%22code%22%3A%22cd%20ffmpeg-n7.1.1%5Cnexport%20PKG_CONFIG_PATH%3D%2Fusr%2Flocal%2Flibrist%2Flib%2Fpkgconfig%3A%24PKG_CONFIG_PATH%5Cn.%2Fconfigure%20--prefix%3D%2Fusr%2Flocal%2Fffmpeg%20--arch%3Dx86_64%20--enable-shared%20--disable-static%20--disable-doc%20--enable-libx264%20--enable-libx265%20--enable-libvvenc%20--enable-liblc3%20--enable-librist%20--enable-sdl2%20--enable-gpl%20--enable-nonfree%20--enable-iconv%20--enable-zlib%20--cross-prefix%3Dx86_64-w64-mingw32-%20--target-os%3Dmingw32%22%2C%22classes%22%3Anull%7D" data-cke-widget-keep-attr="0" data-cke-widget-upcasted="1" data-widget="codeSnippet"><code class="hljs">cd ffmpeg-n7.1.1
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/librist/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/ffmpeg --arch=x86_64 --enable-shared --disable-static --disable-doc --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libvvenc --enable-liblc3 --enable-librist --enable-sdl2 --enable-gpl --enable-nonfree --enable-iconv --enable-zlib --cross-prefix=x86_64-w64-mingw32- --target-os=mingw32</code></pre>
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<p>配置完毕执行下面命令编译和安装FFmpeg，编译完成的ffmpeg库将会安装到configure指定的/usr/local/ffmpeg目录。</p>
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<pre class="cke_widget_element" data-cke-widget-data="%7B%22code%22%3A%22make%5Cnmake%20install%5Cncp%20%2Fusr%2Flocal%2Flibrist%2Flib%2Flibrist.dll%20%2Fusr%2Flocal%2Fffmpeg%2Fbin%22%2C%22classes%22%3Anull%7D" data-cke-widget-keep-attr="0" data-cke-widget-upcasted="1" data-widget="codeSnippet"><code class="hljs">make
make install
cp /usr/local/librist/lib/librist.dll /usr/local/ffmpeg/bin</code></pre>
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<h1>五、查看FFmpeg的安装结果</h1>
<p>运行下面命令查看FFmpeg的安装版本：</p>
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<pre class="cke_widget_element" data-cke-widget-data="%7B%22code%22%3A%22ffmpeg%20-version%22%2C%22classes%22%3Anull%7D" data-cke-widget-keep-attr="0" data-cke-widget-upcasted="1" data-widget="codeSnippet"><code class="hljs">ffmpeg -version</code></pre>
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<p>上面命令返回的FFmpeg版本信息如下：</p>
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<pre class="cke_widget_element" data-cke-widget-data="%7B%22code%22%3A%22ffmpeg%20version%207.1.1%20Copyright%20(c)%202000-2025%20the%20FFmpeg%20developers%5Cnbuilt%20with%20gcc%2012.2.0%20(Rev10%2C%20Built%20by%20MSYS2%20project)%5Cnconfiguration%3A%20--prefix%3D%2Fusr%2Flocal%2Fffmpeg%20--arch%3Dx86_64%20--enable-shared%20--disable-static%20--disable-doc%20--enable-libx264%20--enable-libx265%20--enable-libvvenc%20--enable-liblc3%20--enable-librist%20--enable-sdl2%20--enable-gpl%20--enable-nonfree%20--enable-iconv%20--enable-zlib%20--cross-prefix%3Dx86_64-w64-mingw32-%20--target-os%3Dmingw32%5Cnlibavutil%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A059.%2039.100%20%2F%2059.%2039.100%5Cnlibavcodec%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%2061.%2019.101%20%2F%2061.%2019.101%5Cnlibavformat%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A061.%20%C2%A07.100%20%2F%2061.%20%C2%A07.100%5Cnlibavdevice%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A061.%20%C2%A03.100%20%2F%2061.%20%C2%A03.100%5Cnlibavfilter%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A010.%20%C2%A04.100%20%2F%2010.%20%C2%A04.100%5Cnlibswscale%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A08.%20%C2%A03.100%20%2F%20%C2%A08.%20%C2%A03.100%5Cnlibswresample%20%C2%A0%205.%20%C2%A03.100%20%2F%20%C2%A05.%20%C2%A03.100%5Cnlibpostproc%20%C2%A0%20%C2%A058.%20%C2%A03.100%20%2F%2058.%20%C2%A03.100%22%2C%22classes%22%3Anull%7D" data-cke-widget-keep-attr="0" data-cke-widget-upcasted="1" data-widget="codeSnippet"><code class="hljs">ffmpeg version 7.1.1 Copyright (c) 2000-2025 the FFmpeg developers
built with gcc 12.2.0 (Rev10, Built by MSYS2 project)
configuration: --prefix=/usr/local/ffmpeg --arch=x86_64 --enable-shared --disable-static --disable-doc --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libvvenc --enable-liblc3 --enable-librist --enable-sdl2 --enable-gpl --enable-nonfree --enable-iconv --enable-zlib --cross-prefix=x86_64-w64-mingw32- --target-os=mingw32
libavutil 59. 39.100 / 59. 39.100
libavcodec 61. 19.101 / 61. 19.101
libavformat 61. 7.100 / 61. 7.100
libavdevice 61. 3.100 / 61. 3.100
libavfilter 10. 4.100 / 10. 4.100
libswscale 8. 3.100 / 8. 3.100
libswresample 5. 3.100 / 5. 3.100
libpostproc 58. 3.100 / 58. 3.100</code></pre>
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<p>根据以上返回的版本信息，可知已安装的FFmpeg版本号为7.1.1，同时configuration这行找到“--enable-librist”，说明FFmpeg已经启用了支持RIST协议的librist。</p>
<p>更多详细的FFmpeg开发知识参见<span class="cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_csdnlink cke_widget_selected" data-cke-display-name="a" data-cke-filter="off" data-cke-widget-id="1" data-cke-widget-wrapper="1">《FFmpeg开发实战：从零基础到短视频上线》一书。</span></p><br><br>
来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/aqi00/p/18939835
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