使用 C# 提取 Word 文档中的表格数据

双摊洛杉矶 發表於 2026-4-20 15:58:00

使用 C# 提取 Word 文档中的表格数据

在日常办公或系统开发中，Word 文档里的表格数据常常需要被提取出来，用于数据导入、统计分析或报表生成。然而，手动复制粘贴效率低下，而借助 Office COM 组件又容易遇到版本兼容、部署繁琐等问题。本文将展示如何使用 C# 搭配 Free Spire.Doc 库，无需安装 Microsoft Word，即可快速、稳定地提取 Word 表格内容，并导出为结构化的文本文件。
<hr style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.5em 0; border-top: 2px solid rgba(230, 232, 235, 1); border-right: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-radius: 2px">
<h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.35; margin: 0.3em 0; font-weight: 600; font-size: 1.35em; color: rgba(252, 252, 252, 1); background-color: rgba(242, 151, 24, 1); padding: 2px 12px; border-radius: 4px; display: inline-block">工具与环境准备</h2>
要实现 Word 表格提取，我们需要以下工具和组件：
<ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0 0 1em; padding-left: 2em; list-style-type: disc">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0 0 0.4em; line-height: 1.7">开发环境：Visual Studio（2022/2019 等）或任意 C# 开发工具</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0 0 0.4em; line-height: 1.7">第三方库：Free Spire.Doc（用于解析 Word 文档结构，处理表格数据）</li>
</ul>
Free Spire.Doc 是一个免费的 Word 文档处理库，支持读取、编辑、生成 Word 文档，尤其对表格、段落等元素的处理非常便捷。可以通过 NuGet 包管理器 安装它：
<pre><code class="language-bash" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; font-family: "SF Mono", Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Menlo, monospace; word-break: break-all; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); color: inherit; padding: 0; border: none; border-radius: 0; font-size: 0.875em; line-height: 1.5">Install-Package FreeSpire.Doc
</code></pre>
或者在项目中右键“管理 NuGet 包”，搜索 <code style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; font-family: "SF Mono", Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Menlo, monospace; font-size: 0.9em; background-color: rgba(248, 249, 250, 1); color: rgba(242, 151, 24, 1); padding: 2px 4px; border-radius: 3px; word-break: break-all">Spire.Doc</code> 并安装。
<blockquote style="box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-size: 0.95em; overflow: auto; border-left: 3px solid rgba(242, 151, 24, 1); padding: 12px 20px; margin: 1em 0; background: rgba(248, 249, 250, 1)">
⚠️ 注意：免费版单文档最多支持 25 个表格，适用于学习、测试和小型业务场景
</blockquote>
<hr style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.5em 0; border-top: 2px solid rgba(230, 232, 235, 1); border-right: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-radius: 2px">
<h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.35; margin: 0.3em 0; font-weight: 600; font-size: 1.35em; color: rgba(252, 252, 252, 1); background-color: rgba(242, 151, 24, 1); padding: 2px 12px; border-radius: 4px; display: inline-block">提取 Word 表格实现思路</h2>
从 Word 中提取表格的核心思路是 逐层解析文档结构：
<ol style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0 0 1em; padding-left: 2em; list-style-type: decimal">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0 0 0.4em; line-height: 1.7">加载 Word 文档，获取文档对象</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0 0 0.4em; line-height: 1.7">遍历文档中的“节（Section）”（Word 文档的基本结构单位）</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0 0 0.4em; line-height: 1.7">在每个节中获取表格集合，遍历所有表格</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0 0 0.4em; line-height: 1.7">对每个表格，逐行、逐单元格提取文本内容</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0 0 0.4em; line-height: 1.7">将提取的表格数据按格式（制表符分隔）保存到文本文件</li>
</ol><hr style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.5em 0; border-top: 2px solid rgba(230, 232, 235, 1); border-right: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-radius: 2px">
<h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.35; margin: 0.3em 0; font-weight: 600; font-size: 1.35em; color: rgba(252, 252, 252, 1); background-color: rgba(242, 151, 24, 1); padding: 2px 12px; border-radius: 4px; display: inline-block">完整代码</h2>
<pre><code class="language-csharp" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; font-family: "SF Mono", Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Menlo, monospace; word-break: break-all; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); color: inherit; padding: 0; border: none; border-radius: 0; font-size: 0.875em; line-height: 1.5">using Spire.Doc;
using Spire.Doc.Collections;
using Spire.Doc.Interface;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;

namespace ExtractWordTable
{
internal class Program
{
 static void Main(string[] args)
 {
 // 创建文档对象
 Document doc = new Document();
 // 加载Word文档
 doc.LoadFromFile("表格.docx");

 // 遍历文档中的所有节
 for (int sectionIndex = 0; sectionIndex < doc.Sections.Count; sectionIndex++)
 {
 Section section = doc.Sections;

 // 获取当前节中的所有表格
 TableCollection tables = section.Tables;

 // 遍历当前节中的所有表格
 for (int tableIndex = 0; tableIndex < tables.Count; tableIndex++)
 {
 ITable table = tables;

 // 用于存储当前表格的所有数据
 string tableData = "";

 // 遍历表格中的所有行
 for (int rowIndex = 0; rowIndex < table.Rows.Count; rowIndex++)
 {
 TableRow row = table.Rows;
 // 遍历行中的所有单元格
 for (int cellIndex = 0; cellIndex < row.Cells.Count; cellIndex++)
 {
 TableCell cell = row.Cells;

 // 提取单元格文本（单元格可能包含多个段落）
 string cellText = "";
 for (int paraIndex = 0; paraIndex < cell.Paragraphs.Count; paraIndex++)
 {
 cellText += (cell.Paragraphs.Text.Trim() + " ");
 }

 // 拼接单元格文本，用制表符分隔不同单元格
 tableData += cellText.Trim();
 if (cellIndex < row.Cells.Count - 1)
 {
 tableData += "\t";
 }
 }

 // 行结束后换行
 tableData += "\n";
 }

 // 保存表格数据到文本文件）
 string filePath = Path.Combine("Tables", $"Section{sectionIndex + 1}_Table{tableIndex + 1}.txt");
 File.WriteAllText(filePath, tableData, Encoding.UTF8);
 }
 }

 doc.Close();
 }
}
}
</code></pre>
<hr style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.5em 0; border-top: 2px solid rgba(230, 232, 235, 1); border-right: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-radius: 2px">
<h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.35; margin: 0.3em 0; font-weight: 600; font-size: 1.35em; color: rgba(252, 252, 252, 1); background-color: rgba(242, 151, 24, 1); padding: 2px 12px; border-radius: 4px; display: inline-block">代码核心逻辑解析</h2>
<h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.2em 0 0.5em; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.35; font-weight: 600; font-size: 1.2em; color: rgba(242, 151, 24, 1)">① 遍历文档结构</h3>
Word 文档的逻辑结构是：Document → Section → Table → Row → Cell。
<ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0 0 1em; padding-left: 2em; list-style-type: disc">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0 0 0.4em; line-height: 1.7">节（Section）：一个文档可以有多个节（如不同页码格式、页眉页脚的区域）。通过 <code style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; font-family: "SF Mono", Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Menlo, monospace; font-size: 0.9em; background-color: rgba(248, 249, 250, 1); color: rgba(242, 151, 24, 1); padding: 2px 4px; border-radius: 3px; word-break: break-all">doc.Sections</code> 获取。</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0 0 0.4em; line-height: 1.7">表格（Table）：每个节可以包含多个表格，通过 <code style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; font-family: "SF Mono", Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Menlo, monospace; font-size: 0.9em; background-color: rgba(248, 249, 250, 1); color: rgba(242, 151, 24, 1); padding: 2px 4px; border-radius: 3px; word-break: break-all">section.Tables</code> 获取。</li>
</ul>
<h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.2em 0 0.5em; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.35; font-weight: 600; font-size: 1.2em; color: rgba(242, 151, 24, 1)">② 提取单元格文本</h3>
单元格 <code style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; font-family: "SF Mono", Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Menlo, monospace; font-size: 0.9em; background-color: rgba(248, 249, 250, 1); color: rgba(242, 151, 24, 1); padding: 2px 4px; border-radius: 3px; word-break: break-all">TableCell</code> 内部可能包含多个段落（<code style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; font-family: "SF Mono", Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Menlo, monospace; font-size: 0.9em; background-color: rgba(248, 249, 250, 1); color: rgba(242, 151, 24, 1); padding: 2px 4px; border-radius: 3px; word-break: break-all">Paragraph</code>），每个段落可能有不同的格式（加粗、颜色等）。我们只需提取纯文本内容：
<ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0 0 1em; padding-left: 2em; list-style-type: disc">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0 0 0.4em; line-height: 1.7">遍历 <code style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; font-family: "SF Mono", Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Menlo, monospace; font-size: 0.9em; background-color: rgba(248, 249, 250, 1); color: rgba(242, 151, 24, 1); padding: 2px 4px; border-radius: 3px; word-break: break-all">cell.Paragraphs</code>，获取每个段落的 Text</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0 0 0.4em; line-height: 1.7">使用 <code style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; font-family: "SF Mono", Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Menlo, monospace; font-size: 0.9em; background-color: rgba(248, 249, 250, 1); color: rgba(242, 151, 24, 1); padding: 2px 4px; border-radius: 3px; word-break: break-all">Trim()</code> 去除段落首尾空白，避免多余换行。</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0 0 0.4em; line-height: 1.7">多个段落之间用空格连接，保证可读性。</li>
</ul>
<h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.2em 0 0.5em; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.35; font-weight: 600; font-size: 1.2em; color: rgba(242, 151, 24, 1)">③ 保存为文本文件</h3>
<ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0 0 1em; padding-left: 2em; list-style-type: disc">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0 0 0.4em; line-height: 1.7">每个表格单独保存为一个 <code style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; font-family: "SF Mono", Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Menlo, monospace; font-size: 0.9em; background-color: rgba(248, 249, 250, 1); color: rgba(242, 151, 24, 1); padding: 2px 4px; border-radius: 3px; word-break: break-all">.txt</code> 文件，文件名包含节索引和表格索引，便于区分。</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0 0 0.4em; line-height: 1.7">单元格之间用 制表符 <code style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; font-family: "SF Mono", Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Menlo, monospace; font-size: 0.9em; background-color: rgba(248, 249, 250, 1); color: rgba(242, 151, 24, 1); padding: 2px 4px; border-radius: 3px; word-break: break-all">\t</code> 分隔，行末添加换行符。这种格式可直接复制到 Excel 中粘贴，或者被其他数据分析工具读取。</li>
</ul>
<hr style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.5em 0; border-top: 2px solid rgba(230, 232, 235, 1); border-right: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-radius: 2px">
<h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.35; margin: 0.3em 0; font-weight: 600; font-size: 1.35em; color: rgba(252, 252, 252, 1); background-color: rgba(242, 151, 24, 1); padding: 2px 12px; border-radius: 4px; display: inline-block">实用扩展方向</h2>
基于本文代码，可以轻松扩展以下功能：
<h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.2em 0 0.5em; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.35; font-weight: 600; font-size: 1.2em; color: rgba(242, 151, 24, 1)">1. 导出为 Excel 文件（使用 Free Spire.XLS）</h3>
<pre><code class="language-csharp" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; font-family: "SF Mono", Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Menlo, monospace; word-break: break-all; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); color: inherit; padding: 0; border: none; border-radius: 0; font-size: 0.875em; line-height: 1.5">using Spire.Xls;
// 将 tableData 的二维数组写入 Workbook
</code></pre>
<h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.2em 0 0.5em; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.35; font-weight: 600; font-size: 1.2em; color: rgba(242, 151, 24, 1)">2. 批量处理多个 Word 文档</h3>
<pre><code class="language-csharp" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; font-family: "SF Mono", Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Menlo, monospace; word-break: break-all; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); color: inherit; padding: 0; border: none; border-radius: 0; font-size: 0.875em; line-height: 1.5">string[] files = Directory.GetFiles(@"C:\Docs", "*.docx");
foreach (string file in files)
{
doc.LoadFromFile(file);
// ... 提取逻辑
}
</code></pre>
<h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.2em 0 0.5em; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.35; font-weight: 600; font-size: 1.2em; color: rgba(242, 151, 24, 1)">3. 文本清洗与格式化</h3>
<ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0 0 1em; padding-left: 2em; list-style-type: disc">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0 0 0.4em; line-height: 1.7">去除特殊符号（如 <code style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; font-family: "SF Mono", Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Menlo, monospace; font-size: 0.9em; background-color: rgba(248, 249, 250, 1); color: rgba(242, 151, 24, 1); padding: 2px 4px; border-radius: 3px; word-break: break-all">\r</code>, <code style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; font-family: "SF Mono", Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Menlo, monospace; font-size: 0.9em; background-color: rgba(248, 249, 250, 1); color: rgba(242, 151, 24, 1); padding: 2px 4px; border-radius: 3px; word-break: break-all">\n</code> 替换为空格）</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0 0 0.4em; line-height: 1.7">统一数字格式（如货币符号、百分比）</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0 0 0.4em; line-height: 1.7">使用正则表达式过滤无关字符</li>
</ul>
<h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.2em 0 0.5em; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.35; font-weight: 600; font-size: 1.2em; color: rgba(242, 151, 24, 1)">4. 直接导入数据库</h3>
将提取的表格数据转换为 <code style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; font-family: "SF Mono", Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Menlo, monospace; font-size: 0.9em; background-color: rgba(248, 249, 250, 1); color: rgba(242, 151, 24, 1); padding: 2px 4px; border-radius: 3px; word-break: break-all">DataTable</code>，然后使用 <code style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; font-family: "SF Mono", Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Menlo, monospace; font-size: 0.9em; background-color: rgba(248, 249, 250, 1); color: rgba(242, 151, 24, 1); padding: 2px 4px; border-radius: 3px; word-break: break-all">SqlBulkCopy</code> 批量写入 SQL Server。
<hr style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.5em 0; border-top: 2px solid rgba(230, 232, 235, 1); border-right: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-radius: 2px">
<h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.35; margin: 0.3em 0; font-weight: 600; font-size: 1.35em; color: rgba(252, 252, 252, 1); background-color: rgba(242, 151, 24, 1); padding: 2px 12px; border-radius: 4px; display: inline-block">总结</h2>
通过本文介绍的方法，你可以高效地从 Word 文档中提取表格数据，为后续的数据处理提供便利。相比原生 Office Interop（需要安装 Word 且不稳定），Free Spire.Doc 无需依赖 Office 客户端，运行更轻量、稳定；代码逻辑清晰，便于复用和二次开发。 
来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/jazz-z/p/19895710

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使用 C# 提取 Word 文档中的表格数据