99% iOS开发都不知道的KVO崩溃分析详解
<div id="navCategory"><h5 class="catalogue">目录</h5><ul class="first_class_ul"><li>背景</li><li>分析堆栈</li><ul class="second_class_ul"><li>__os_unfair_lock_corruption_abort</li><li>__os_unfair_lock_lock_slow</li><li>__NSSetBoolValueAndNotify</li><li>os_unfair_recursive_lock_lock_with_options</li><li>object_getIndexedIvars</li></ul><li>debug 调试</li><ul class="second_class_ul"><li>object_getIndexedIvars</li><li>objc_allocateClassPair</li><li>_NSKVONotifyingCreateInfoWithOriginalClass</li></ul><li>结论</li><ul class="second_class_ul"></ul></ul></div><p class="maodian"></p><h2>背景</h2><p>crash 监控发现有大量的新增崩溃，堆栈如下</p>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:cpp;"> libsystem_platform.dylib __os_unfair_lock_corruption_abort()
libsystem_platform.dylib __os_unfair_lock_lock_slow()
Foundation __NSSetBoolValueAndNotify()
</pre></div>
<p class="maodian"></p><h2>分析堆栈</h2>
<p class="maodian"></p><h3>__os_unfair_lock_corruption_abort</h3>
<p>log 翻译：lock 已损坏</p>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:cpp;">_os_unfair_lock_corruption_abort(os_ulock_value_t current)
{
__LIBPLATFORM_CLIENT_CRASH__(current, "os_unfair_lock is corrupt");
}
</pre></div>
<p class="maodian"></p><h3>__os_unfair_lock_lock_slow</h3>
<p>在这个方法里面 __ulock_wait 返回 EOWNERDEAD 调用 corruption abort 方法。</p>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:cpp;">int ret = __ulock_wait(UL_UNFAIR_LOCK | ULF_NO_ERRNO | options,
l, current, 0);
if (unlikely(ret &lt; 0)) {
switch (-ret) {
case EINTR:
case EFAULT:
continue;
case EOWNERDEAD:
_os_unfair_lock_corruption_abort(current);
break;
default:
__LIBPLATFORM_INTERNAL_CRASH__(-ret, "ulock_wait failure");
}
}
</pre></div>
<p>EOWNERDEAD 的定义</p>
<p>#define EOWNERDEAD 105 /* Previous owner died */</p>
<p>到这里猜测是 lock 的 owner 已经野指针了，继续向下看。</p>
<p class="maodian"></p><h3>__NSSetBoolValueAndNotify</h3>
<p>google 下这个方法是在 KVO 里面修改属性的时候调用，伪代码：</p>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:cpp;">int __NSSetBoolValueAndNotify(int arg0, int arg1, int arg2) {
r31 = r31 - 0x90;
var_30 = r24;
stack[-56] = r23;
var_20 = r22;
stack[-40] = r21;
var_10 = r20;
stack[-24] = r19;
saved_fp = r29;
stack[-8] = r30;
r20 = arg2;
r21 = arg1;
r19 = arg0;
r0 = object_getClass(arg0);
r0 = object_getIndexedIvars(r0); // 理清这个崩溃的关键方法，这里和汇编代码不一致，汇编代码的入参是 r0 + 0x20
r23 = r0;
os_unfair_recursive_lock_lock_with_options();
CFDictionaryGetValue(*(r23 + 0x18), r21);
r22 = _objc_msgSend$copyWithZone:();
os_unfair_recursive_lock_unlock();
if (*(int8_t *)(r23 + 0x28) != 0x0) {
_objc_msgSend$willChangeValueForKey:();
(class_getMethodImplementation(*r23, r21))(r19, r21, r20);
_objc_msgSend$didChangeValueForKey:();
}
else {
_objc_msgSend$_changeValueForKey:key:key:usingBlock:();
}
var_38 = **qword_9590e8;
r0 = objc_release_x22();
if (**qword_9590e8 != var_38) {
r0 = __stack_chk_fail();
}
return r0;
}
</pre></div>
<p class="maodian"></p><h3>os_unfair_recursive_lock_lock_with_options</h3>
<p>崩溃调用栈中间还有这一层的内联调用 os_unfair_recursive_lock_lock_with_options。这里的 lock owner 有个比较赋值的操作，如果 oul_value 等于 OS_LOCK_NO_OWNER 则赋值 self 然后 return。崩溃时这里继续向下执行了，那这里的 oul_value 的取值只能是 lock->oul_value。到这里猜测崩溃的原因是 lock->oul_value 野指针了。</p>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:cpp;">void
os_unfair_recursive_lock_lock_with_options(os_unfair_recursive_lock_t lock,
os_unfair_lock_options_t options)
{
os_lock_owner_t cur, self = _os_lock_owner_get_self();
_os_unfair_lock_t l = (_os_unfair_lock_t)&lock->ourl_lock;
if (likely(os_atomic_cmpxchgv2o(l, oul_value,
OS_LOCK_NO_OWNER, self, &cur, acquire))) {
return;
}
if (OS_ULOCK_OWNER(cur) == self) {
lock->ourl_count++;
return;
}
return _os_unfair_lock_lock_slow(l, self, options);
}
OS_ALWAYS_INLINE OS_CONST
static inline os_lock_owner_t
_os_lock_owner_get_self(void)
{
os_lock_owner_t self;
self = (os_lock_owner_t)_os_tsd_get_direct(__TSD_MACH_THREAD_SELF);
return self;
}
</pre></div>
<p class="maodian"></p><p class="maodian"></p><h3>object_getIndexedIvars</h3>
<p>__NSSetBoolValueAndNotify 里面的获取 lock 的方法，这个函数非常关键。</p>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:cpp;">/**
* Returns a pointer to any extra bytes allocated with an instance given object.
*
* @param obj An Objective-C object.
*
* @return A pointer to any extra bytes allocated with \e obj. If \e obj was
* not allocated with any extra bytes, then dereferencing the returned pointer is undefined.
*
* @note This function returns a pointer to any extra bytes allocated with the instance
*(as specified by \c class_createInstance with extraBytes>0). This memory follows the
*object's ordinary ivars, but may not be adjacent to the last ivar.
* @note The returned pointer is guaranteed to be pointer-size aligned, even if the area following
*the object's last ivar is less aligned than that. Alignment greater than pointer-size is never
*guaranteed, even if the area following the object's last ivar is more aligned than that.
* @note In a garbage-collected environment, the memory is scanned conservatively.
/**
* Returns a pointer immediately after the instance variables declared in an
* object.This is a pointer to the storage specified with the extraBytes
* parameter given when allocating an object.
*/
void *object_getIndexedIvars(id obj)
{
uint8_t *base = (uint8_t *)obj;
if (_objc_isTaggedPointerOrNil(obj)) return nil;
if (!obj->isClass()) return base + obj->ISA()->alignedInstanceSize();
Class cls = (Class)obj;
if (!cls->isAnySwift()) return base + sizeof(objc_class);
swift_class_t *swcls = (swift_class_t *)cls;
return base - swcls->classAddressOffset + word_align(swcls->classSize);
}
</pre></div>
<p>上层调用 __NSSetBoolValueAndNotify 里面:</p>
<p>r0 = object_getClass(arg0)，arg0 是实例对象，r0 是类对象，因为这里是个 KVO 的调用，那正常情况下r0 是 NSKVONotifying_xxx。</p>
<p>对于 KVO 类，object_getIndexedIvars 返回的地址是 (uint8_t *)obj + sizeof(objc_class)。根据函数的注释，这个地址指向创建类时附在类空间后 extraBytes 大小的一块内存。</p>
<p class="maodian"></p><h2>debug 调试</h2>
<h3>object_getIndexedIvars</h3>
<p>__NSSetBoolValueAndNotify 下的调用</p>
<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="https://img.jbzj.com/file_images/article/202301/20230129084949038.png" /></p>
<p>object_getIndexedIvars 入参是 NSKVONotifying_KVObject，object_getClass 获取的是 KVO Class。</p>
<p class="maodian"></p><h3>objc_allocateClassPair</h3>
<p>动态创建 KVO 类的方法。</p>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:cpp;"> thread #8, queue = 'com.apple.root.default-qos', stop reason = breakpoint 1.1
* frame #0: 0x000000018143a088 libobjc.A.dylib`objc_allocateClassPair
frame #1: 0x000000018259cd94 Foundation`_NSKVONotifyingCreateInfoWithOriginalClass + 152
frame #2: 0x00000001825b8fd0 Foundation`_NSKeyValueContainerClassGetNotifyingInfo + 56
frame #3: 0x000000018254b7dc Foundation`- + 44
frame #4: 0x000000018254b504 Foundation`- + 88
frame #5: 0x000000018254b32c Foundation`- + 404
frame #6: 0x000000018254b054 Foundation`- + 136
frame #7: 0x00000001040d1860 Test`__29-_block_invoke(.block_descriptor=0x0000000282a55170) at ViewController.m:28:13
frame #8: 0x00000001043d05a8 libdispatch.dylib`_dispatch_call_block_and_release + 32
frame #9: 0x00000001043d205c libdispatch.dylib`_dispatch_client_callout + 20
frame #10: 0x00000001043d4b94 libdispatch.dylib`_dispatch_queue_override_invoke + 1052
frame #11: 0x00000001043e6478 libdispatch.dylib`_dispatch_root_queue_drain + 408
frame #12: 0x00000001043e6e74 libdispatch.dylib`_dispatch_worker_thread2 + 196
frame #13: 0x00000001d515fdbc libsystem_pthread.dylib`_pthread_wqthread + 228
</pre></div>
<p class="maodian"></p><h3>_NSKVONotifyingCreateInfoWithOriginalClass</h3>
<p>objc_allocateClassPair 的上层调用。 allocate 之前的 context w2 是个固定值 0x30，即创建 KVO Class 入参 extraBytes 的大小是 0x30</p>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:cpp;"> 0x18259cd78 <+124>: mov x1, x21
0x18259cd7c <+128>: mov x2, x22
0x18259cd80 <+132>: bl 0x188097080
0x18259cd84 <+136>: mov x0, x20
0x18259cd88 <+140>: mov x1, x19
0x18259cd8c <+144>: mov w2, #0x30
0x18259cd90 <+148>: bl 0x1880961f0 // objc_allocateClassPair
0x18259cd94 <+152>: cbz x0, 0x18259ce24 ; <+296>
0x18259cd98 <+156>: mov x21, x0
0x18259cd9c <+160>: bl 0x188096410 // objc_registerClassPair
0x18259cda0 <+164>: mov x0, x19
0x18259cda4 <+168>: bl 0x182b45f44 ; symbol stub for: free
0x18259cda8 <+172>: mov x0, x21
0x18259cdac <+176>: bl 0x1880967e0 // object_getIndexedIvars
0x18259cdb0 <+180>: mov x19, x0
0x18259cdb4 <+184>: stp x20, x21,
</pre></div>
<p>_NSKVONotifyingCreateInfoWithOriginalClass+184 处将 x20 和 x21 写入 ，此时 x0 指向的是大小为 extraBytes 的内存，打印 x20 和 x21 的值</p>
<p> x20 = 0x00000001117caa10 (void *)0x00000001117caa38: KVObject（向上回溯这个值取自 _NSKVONotifyingCreateInfoWithOriginalClass 的入参 x0）</p>
<p> x21 NSKVONotifying_KVObject</p>
<p>根据这里可以看出 object_getIndexedIvars 返回的地址，依次存储了 KVObject(origin Class) 和 NSKVONotifying_KVObject(KVO Class)。</p>
<p>查看 _NSKVONotifyingCreateInfoWithOriginalClass 的伪代码，对 有 5 次写入的操作，并且最终这个方法返回的是 x0 的地址。</p>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:cpp;">function __NSKVONotifyingCreateInfoWithOriginalClass {
r31 = r31 - 0x50;
stack = r22;
stack = r21;
stack = r20;
stack = r19;
stack = r29;
stack = r30;
r20 = r0;
if (*(int8_t *)0x993e78 != 0x0) {
os_unfair_lock_assert_owner(0x993e7c);
}
r0 = class_getName(r20);
r22 = strlen(r0) + 0x10;
r0 = malloc(r22);
r19 = r0;
strlcpy(r0, "NSKVONotifying_", r22);
strlcat(r19, r21, r22);
r0 = objc_allocateClassPair(r20, r19, 0x30);
if (r0 != 0x0) {
objc_registerClassPair(r0);
free(r19);
r0 = object_getIndexedIvars(r21);
r19 = r0;
*(int128_t *)r0 = r20; // 第一次写入 Class
*(int128_t *)(r0 + 0x8) = r21; // 第二次写入 Class
*(r19 + 0x10) = CFSetCreateMutable(0x0, 0x0, *qword_9592d8); // 第三次写入 CFSet
*(int128_t *)(r19 + 0x18) = CFDictionaryCreateMutable(0x0, 0x0, 0x0, *qword_959598); // 第四次写入 CFDictionary
*(int128_t *)(r19 + 0x20) = 0x0; // 第五次写入空值
if (*qword_9fc560 != -0x1) {
dispatch_once(0x9fc560, 0x8eaf98);
}
if (class_getMethodImplementation(*r19, @selector(willChangeValueForKey:)) != *qword_9fc568) {
r8 = 0x1;
}
else {
r0 = *r19;
r0 = class_getMethodImplementation(r0, @selector(didChangeValueForKey:));
r8 = *qword_9fc570;
if (r0 != r8) {
r8 = *qword_9fc570;
if (CPU_FLAGS & NE) {
r8 = 0x1;
}
}
}
*(int8_t *)(r19 + 0x28) = r8;
_NSKVONotifyingSetMethodImplementation(r19, @selector(_isKVOA), 0x44fab4, 0x0);
_NSKVONotifyingSetMethodImplementation(r19, @selector(dealloc), 0x44fabc, 0x0);
_NSKVONotifyingSetMethodImplementation(r19, @selector(class), 0x44fd2c, 0x0);
}
else {
if (*qword_9fc558 != -0x1) {
dispatch_once(0x9fc558, 0x8eaf78);
}
if (os_log_type_enabled(*0x9fc550, 0x10) != 0x0) {
_os_log_error_impl(0x0, *0x9fc550, 0x10, "KVO failed to allocate class pair for name %s, automatic key-value observing will not work for this class", &stack, 0xc);
}
free(r19);
r19 = 0x0;
}
if (**qword_9590e8 == **qword_9590e8) {
r0 = r19;
}
else {
r0 = __stack_chk_fail();
}
return r0;
}
</pre></div>
<p>_NSKVONotifyingCreateInfoWithOriginalClass 的上层调用，入参是 ，返回的参数写入 </p>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:cpp;"> 0x1825b8fc0 <+40>: ldr x0,
0x1825b8fc4 <+44>: b 0x1825b8fd4 ; <+60>
0x1825b8fc8 <+48>: ldr x0,
->0x1825b8fcc <+52>: bl 0x18259ccfc ; _NSKVONotifyingCreateInfoWithOriginalClass
0x1825b8fd0 <+56>: str x0,
0x1825b8fd4 <+60>: ldp x29, x30,
0x1825b8fd8 <+64>: ldp x20, x19, , #0x20
</pre></div>
<p>打印 x19 是一个 NSKeyValueContainerClass 类型的实例对象，这个对象类的 ivars layout</p>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:cpp;">ivars 0x99f3c0 __OBJC_$_INSTANCE_VARIABLES_NSKeyValueContainerClass
entsize 32
count 5
offset 0x9e6048 _OBJC_IVAR_$_NSKeyValueContainerClass._originalClass 8
name 0x90bd27 _originalClass
type 0x929ae6 #
alignment 3
size 8
offset 0x9e6050 _OBJC_IVAR_$_NSKeyValueContainerClass._cachedObservationInfoImplementation 16
name 0x90bd36 _cachedObservationInfoImplementation
type 0x92bb88 ^?
alignment 3
size 8
offset 0x9e6058 _OBJC_IVAR_$_NSKeyValueContainerClass._cachedSetObservationInfoImplementation 24
name 0x90bd5b _cachedSetObservationInfoImplementation
type 0x92bb88 ^?
alignment 3
size 8
offset 0x9e6060 _OBJC_IVAR_$_NSKeyValueContainerClass._cachedSetObservationInfoTakesAnObject 32
name 0x90bd83 _cachedSetObservationInfoTakesAnObject
type 0x92a01a B
alignment 0
size 1
offset 0x9e6068 _OBJC_IVAR_$_NSKeyValueContainerClass._notifyingInfo 40
name 0x90bdaa _notifyingInfo
type 0x92bdd7 ^{?=##^{__CFSet}^{__CFDictionary}{os_unfair_recursive_lock_s={os_unfair_lock_s=I}I}B}
alignment 3
size 8
</pre></div>
<blockquote><p>offset 0x8 name：_originalClass type：Class</p>
<p>offset 0x28 name：_notifyingInfo type：struct</p></blockquote>
<p>_notifyingInfo 结构体</p>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:cpp;">{
Class,
Class,
__CFSet,
__CFDictionary,
os_unfair_recursive_lock_s
}
</pre></div>
<p>type encoding：</p>
<p>developer.apple.com/library/arc…</p>
<p>从 context 可以看出_NSKVONotifyingCreateInfoWithOriginalClass 这个方法入参是 OBJC_IVAR_NSKeyValueContainerClass._originalClass。</p>
<p>返回值 x0 是 _OBJC_IVAR__NSKeyValueContainerClass._notifyingInfo。5 次对 的写入是在初始化 _notifyingInfo。</p>
<p>崩溃时的 context:</p>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:cpp;"> 0x1825231f0 <+56>:bl 0x1880967c0 // object_getClass
0x1825231f4 <+60>:bl 0x1880967e0 // object_getIndexedIvars
0x1825231f8 <+64>:mov x23, x0 // x0 == _notifyingInfo
0x1825231fc <+68>:add x24, x0, #0x20 // x24 == os_unfair_recursive_lock_s
0x182523200 <+72>:mov x0, x24
0x182523204 <+76>:mov w1, #0x0
0x182523208 <+80>:bl 0x188096910 // os_unfair_recursive_lock_lock_with_options crash 调用栈
</pre></div>
<p>调用 object_getClass 获取 Class，调用 object_getIndexedIvars 获取到 _notifyingInfo，_notifyingInfo + 偏移量 0x20 获取 os_unfair_recursive_lock_s，崩溃的原因是这把锁的 owner 损坏了，lock 也是一个结构体，ower 也是根据 offset 获取的。</p>
<p class="maodian"></p><h2>结论</h2>
<p>从崩溃的上下文来看，最可能出问题的是获取 _notifyingInfo，因为只有 KVO Class 才能获取到 _notifyingInfo 这个结构体，如果在调用 __NSSetBoolValueAndNotify 的过程中，在其它线程监听被移除，此时 object_getClass 取到的不是 KVO Class 那后续再根据 offset 去取 lock，这个时候就有可能发生上述崩溃。</p>
<p>线下暴力复现验证了上述猜测。</p>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:cpp;">- （void)start {
__block KVObject *obj = ;
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(0, 0x0), ^{
for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
;
;
}
});
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(0, 0x0), ^{
for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
obj.value = YES;
obj.value = NO;
}
});
}
- (void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath ofObject:(id)object change:(NSDictionary<NSKeyValueChangeKey,id> *)change context:(void *)context {}
</pre></div>
<p>解决这个问题的思路就是保证线程安全，我们在线上断点找到了 removeObserver 的代码，将 removeObserver 和触发监听的代码放在了同一个串行队列。当然如果 removeObserver 在 dealloc 里面，理论上也不会出现这类问题。</p>
<p>__NSSetxxxValueAndNotify 系列方法都有可能会触发这个崩溃，类似的问题可以按照相同的思路解决。</p>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:cpp;">00000000004e05cd t __NSSetBoolValueAndNotify
00000000004e0707 t __NSSetCharValueAndNotify
00000000004e097b t __NSSetDoubleValueAndNotify
00000000004e0abc t __NSSetFloatValueAndNotify
00000000004e0bfd t __NSSetIntValueAndNotify
00000000004e10e7 t __NSSetLongLongValueAndNotify
00000000004e0e6f t __NSSetLongValueAndNotify
00000000004e0491 t __NSSetObjectValueAndNotify
00000000004e15d5 t __NSSetPointValueAndNotify
00000000004e1734 t __NSSetRangeValueAndNotify
00000000004e188a t __NSSetRectValueAndNotify
00000000004e135f t __NSSetShortValueAndNotify
00000000004e19e8 t __NSSetSizeValueAndNotify
00000000004e0841 t __NSSetUnsignedCharValueAndNotify
00000000004e0d36 t __NSSetUnsignedIntValueAndNotify
00000000004e1223 t __NSSetUnsignedLongLongValueAndNotify
00000000004e0fab t __NSSetUnsignedLongValueAndNotify
00000000004e149a t __NSSetUnsignedShortValueAndNotify
00000000004de834 t __NSSetValueAndNotifyForKeyInIvar</pre></div>
<p>以上就是99% iOS开发都不知道的KVO崩溃分析详解的详细内容，更多关于iOS开发KVO崩溃的资料请关注琼殿技术社区其它相关文章！</p>
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