首页 › Ubuntu/Debian论坛 › Ubuntu 16.04安装Oracle 11gR教程

杜志平 發表於 2020-6-6 22:19:00

Ubuntu 16.04安装Oracle 11gR教程

<p>转自博客：https://www.cnblogs.com/sunshine5683/archive/2018/11/13/9953672.html</p>
<h1 id="一概述">一、概述</h1>
<p>Ubuntu版本：ubuntu-16.04.3-desktop-amd64<br>
Oracle版本：linux.x64_11gR2_database</p>
<h1 id="二安装jdk">二、安装JDK</h1>
<pre><code>sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install openjdk-8-jdk
</code></pre>
<p>编辑profile</p>
<pre><code>cd /etc
sudo vim profile
</code></pre>
<p>在文件中加入以下内容</p>
<pre><code>export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64
export JRE_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}/jre
export CLASSPATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JRE_HOME}/lib
export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:$PATH
</code></pre>
<p>更新</p>
<pre><code>Source /etc/profile
</code></pre>
<p>测试下jdk是否安装成功</p>
<pre><code>java -version
</code></pre>
<h1 id="三安装依赖">三、安装依赖</h1>
<pre><code>sudo apt-get -y install lesstif2
sudo apt-get -y install lesstif2-dev
（这两个包是32位包，需要换源安装：
su
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d
echo "deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring main restricted universe multiverse" &gt; ia32-libs-raring.list
apt update
apt-get -y install lesstif2 lesstif2-dev
）
</code></pre>
<p>把源换回来</p>
<pre><code>rm -rf ia32-libs-raring.list
apt update
</code></pre>
<p>退出root账户</p>
<pre><code>exit
</code></pre>
<p>继续安装剩下的依赖</p>
<pre><code>sudo asudo apt-get install automake
sudo apt-get install autotools-dev
sudo apt-get install binutils
sudo apt-get install bzip2
sudo apt-get install elfutils
sudo apt-get install expat
sudo apt-get install gawk
sudo apt-get install gcc
sudo apt-get install gcc-multilib
sudo apt-get install g++-multilib
sudo apt-get install ia32-libs
sudo apt-get install ksh
sudo apt-get install less
sudo apt-get install lesstif2
sudo apt-get install lesstif2-dev
sudo apt-get install lib32z1
sudo apt-get install libaio1
sudo apt-get install libaio-dev
sudo apt-get install libc6-dev
sudo apt-get install libc6-dev-i386
sudo apt-get install libc6-i386
sudo apt-get install libelf-dev
sudo apt-get install libltdl-dev
sudo apt-get install libmotif4
sudo apt-get install libodbcinstq4-1 libodbcinstq4-1:i386
sudo apt-get install libpth-dev
sudo apt-get install libpthread-stubs0
sudo apt-get install libpthread-stubs0-dev
sudo apt-get install libstdc++5
sudo apt-get install lsb-cxx
sudo apt-get install make
sudo apt-get install openssh-server
sudo apt-get install pdksh
sudo apt-get install rlwrap
sudo apt-get install rpm
sudo apt-get install sysstat
sudo apt-get install unixodbc
sudo apt-get install unixodbc-dev
sudo apt-get install unzip
sudo apt-get install x11-utils
sudo apt-get install zlibc
</code></pre>
<p>或者：</p>
<pre><code>sudo apt-get -y install automake autotools-dev binutils bzip2 elfutils expat gawk gcc gcc-multilib g++-multilib lib32ncurses5 lib32z1 ksh less lib32z1 libaio1 libaio-dev libc6-dev libc6-dev-i386 libc6-i386 libelf-dev libltdl-dev libxm4 libodbcinstq4-1 libodbcinstq4-1:i386 libpth-dev libpthread-stubs0-dev libstdc++5 make openssh-server rlwrap rpm sysstat unixodbc unixodbc-dev unzip x11-utils zlibc
</code></pre>
<p>安装这个需要点时间（这是一个吐血的历程，原本是一个一个安装，还要查看安装结果。本人将这一堆依赖处理成了一个语句，这些包亲测没问题）</p>
<h1 id="四配置环境">四、配置环境</h1>
<p>用下面的命令查询系统的参数</p>
<pre><code>/sbin/sysctl -a | grep sem
/sbin/sysctl -a | grep file-max
/sbin/sysctl -a | grep aio-max
/sbin/sysctl -a | grep ip_local_port_range
/sbin/sysctl -a | grep rmem_default
/sbin/sysctl -a | grep rmem_max
/sbin/sysctl -a | grep wmem_default
/sbin/sysctl -a | grep wmem_max
/sbin/sysctl -a | grep shmall
/sbin/sysctl -a | grep shmmax
/sbin/sysctl -a | grep shmmni
</code></pre>
<p>将查询出来的参数填入下面对应的地方<br>
在/etc/sysctl.conf中追加的文件内容为：<br>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606220503743-197244399.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>更新内核参数</p>
<pre><code>cd /etc
sudo sysctl –p
</code></pre>
<p>添加用户的内核限制（我的用户名是zzw）</p>
<pre><code>cd security/
sudo vim limits.conf
</code></pre>
<p>将以下内容加到文件后面</p>
<pre><code>zzw soft nproc 2047
zzw hard nproc 16384
zzw soft nofile 1024
zzw hard nofile 65536
zzw soft stack 10240
</code></pre>
<p>首先检查/etc/pam.d/login<br>
增加一行（有了就不用增加了）：</p>
<pre><code>session required pam_limits.so
</code></pre>
<p>同样检查/etc/pam.d/su，没有这行就自己加上：</p>
<pre><code>session required pam_limits.so
</code></pre>
<p><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606220614726-982726100.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>创建文件夹</p>
<pre><code>mkdir /home/rogear/tools
mkdir /home/rogear/tools/oracle11g
</code></pre>
<p>配置oracle的环境变量</p>
<pre><code>sudo vim /etc/profile
</code></pre>
<p>将下面内容加到文件后面</p>
<pre><code>export ORACLE_BASE=/home/rogear/tools/oracle11g
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=orcl
export NLS_LANG=.AL32UTF8
export PATH=${PATH}:${ORACLE_HOME}/bin/:$ORACLE_HOME/lib64
</code></pre>
<p>更新参数</p>
<pre><code>source /etc/profile
</code></pre>
<p>欺骗oracle的安装设置</p>
<pre><code>sudo mkdir /usr/lib64
sudo ln -s /etc /etc/rc.d
sudo ln -s /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 /lib64/
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/awk /bin/awk
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/basename /bin/basename
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/rpm /bin/rpm
sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a /usr/lib64/
sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread_nonshared.a /usr/lib64/
sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6 /lib64/
sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6 /usr/lib64/
</code></pre>
<p>切换root账户</p>
<pre><code>su
echo 'Red Hat&nbsp;Linux release 5' &gt; /etc/RedHat-release
exit
</code></pre>
<p></p>
<h1 id="五正式安装">五、正式安装</h1>
<p>前期条件准备好了，接下来正式开始安装oracle。将oracle的安装包下载到oracle11g文件夹下，包是官网下的，这里不提供下载地址<br>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606220641737-659656580.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>解压压缩包</p>
<pre><code>unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
cd database/
./runInstaller
</code></pre>
<p><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606220704084-864038943.png" alt="" loading="lazy"><br>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606220708194-792198073.png" alt="" loading="lazy"><br>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606220712711-1525138648.png" alt="" loading="lazy"><br>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606220716712-1117259766.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<p><strong>注意前三项的安装路径选择！！！</strong><br>
如果提示容量不足，则删除原来错误的地址文件，重新启动！<br>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606220721163-1533139310.png" alt="" loading="lazy"><br>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606220725128-1372503578.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>上面这个说密码不符合规范，不用管，直接过<br>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606220730245-1983860766.png" alt="" loading="lazy"><br>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606220734425-330586160.png" alt="" loading="lazy"><br>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606220738802-609885449.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>这个地方有个东西需要跑一下，新开一个teminal找到那个东西跑一下<br>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606220746358-1785166448.png" alt="" loading="lazy"><br>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606220750030-1592448873.png" alt="" loading="lazy"><br>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606220753239-696801790.png" alt="" loading="lazy"><br>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606220757716-1333206819.png" alt="" loading="lazy"><br>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606220802286-693327425.png" alt="" loading="lazy"><br>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606220806137-738728759.png" alt="" loading="lazy"><br>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606220810520-2090759392.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>新开一个teminal（ctrl+alt+t）</p>
<pre><code>cd /home/rogear/tools/oracle11g/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/sysman/lib/
gedit ins_emagent.mk
</code></pre>
<p>用查询功能（ctrl+f）找到下面这个东西（$(SYSMANBIN)emd），然后改一下<br>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606220831983-1821014998.png" alt="" loading="lazy"><br>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606220835462-1345495169.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>保存后退出，然后点击Retry通过。<br>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606220842751-1367656211.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>新开teminal，输入下面4个命令</p>
<pre><code>sudo sed -i 's/^\(TNSLSNR_LINKLINE.*\$(TNSLSNR_OFILES)\) \(\$(LINKTTLIBS)\)/\1 -Wl,--no-as-needed \2/g' /home/zzw/tools/oracle11g/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/lib/env_network.mk
&nbsp;
sudo sed -i 's/^\(ORACLE_LINKLINE.*\$(ORACLE_LINKER)\) \(\$(PL_FLAGS)\)/\1 -Wl,--no-as-needed \2/g' /home/zzw/tools/oracle11g/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/lib/env_rdbms.mk
&nbsp;
sudo sed -i 's/^\(\$LD \$LD_RUNTIME\) \(\$LD_OPT\)/\1 -Wl,--no-as-needed \2/g' /home/zzw/tools/oracle11g/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/genorasdksh
&nbsp;
sudo sed -i 's/^\(\s*\)\(\$(OCRLIBS_DEFAULT)\)/\1 -Wl,--no-as-needed \2/g' /home/zzw/tools/oracle11g/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/srvm/lib/ins_srvm.mk
</code></pre>
<p><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606220855899-1170933117.png" alt="" loading="lazy"><br>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606220900632-45300478.png" alt="" loading="lazy"><br>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606220904134-1086716947.png" alt="" loading="lazy"><br>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606220908452-668203621.png" alt="" loading="lazy"><br>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606220911284-904086687.png" alt="" loading="lazy"><br>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606220914031-1067007409.png" alt="" loading="lazy"><br>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606220916828-677322983.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>到这里oracle就安装完了，接下来就可以测试了</p>
<h1 id="六测试">六、测试</h1>
<p>启动oracle<br>
检查参数</p>
<pre><code>echo $ORACLE_BASE
echo $ORACLE_HOME
echo $PATH
</code></pre>
<p>如果不对的话需要设置下<br>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606220957863-364469415.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>启动监听</p>
<pre><code>lsnrctl start
</code></pre>
<p><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606221017711-1831751120.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>启动服务</p>
<pre><code>sqlplus /nolog
conn / as sysdba
startup
</code></pre>
<p><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606221036099-1901829013.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>做个小测试<br>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606221044201-393427677.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>到这里说明oracle可以用了</p>
<p>关闭oracle<br>
shutdown<br>
(不带参数的shutdown很长时间都没反应，我用的shutdown immediate，还可以用其它参数，如下： shutdown normal：不允许新的连接、等��会话结束、等待事务结束、做一个检查点并关闭数据文件。启动时不需要实例恢复。&nbsp; shutdown transactional：不允许新的连接、不等待会话结束、等待事务结束、做一个检查点并关闭数据文件。启动时不需要实例恢复。&nbsp; shutdown immediate：不允许新的连接、不等待会话结束、不等待事务结束、做一个检查点并关闭数据文件。没有结束的事务是自动rollback的。启动时不需要实例恢复。&nbsp; shutdown abort：不允许新的连接、不等待会话结束、不等待事务结束、不做检查点且没有关闭数据文件。启动时自动进行实例恢复。&nbsp;<br>
quit退出<br>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606221105219-876479339.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>关闭监听<br>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606221108593-1587624493.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<h1 id="七外部连接数据库">七、外部连接数据库</h1>
<p>先按照上面的方法启动oracle<br>
查看虚拟机的ip地址<br>
ifconfig<br>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606221124388-1598873752.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>在宿主机用cmd测试能否ping通<br>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606221129897-203183236.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>用plsql连接<br>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606221134202-1227748665.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>报错：<br>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606221138400-529547526.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>到ORACLE_HOME 下去修改listener.ora和tnsnames.ora<br>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606221144157-1695192960.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>（先做好备份）<br>
将localhost改为虚拟机的ip地址</p>
<pre><code>vim listener.ora
</code></pre>
<p><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606221152309-1784733049.png" alt="" loading="lazy"><br>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606221158273-62391997.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>vim tnsnames.ora<br>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606221211411-695380486.png" alt="" loading="lazy"><br>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606221216662-1678948944.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>重启oracle服务和监听<br>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606221221278-920155651.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>启动监听<br>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606221224949-811332528.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>启动服务<br>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606221228736-1583161565.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>给scott解锁<br>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606221232871-1368964898.png" alt="" loading="lazy"><br>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606221236737-192245257.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>进入该scott秘密啊的界面<br>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606221245038-540542654.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>建议还是用tiger作为密码，不然以后自己忘了就有点傻了<br>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606221250771-1701590194.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>system账户我也是解锁和重新设置密码以后才登陆成功的<br>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606221257353-1332241405.png" alt="" loading="lazy"><br>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1463063/202006/1463063-20200606221303358-1588951793.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><br><br>
来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/zzw1024/p/13056762.html

查看完整版本: Ubuntu 16.04安装Oracle 11gR教程