Linux Ubuntu 20.04 —添加开机启动(服务/脚本)
<p><strong>系统启动时需要加载的配置文件</strong></p><p>/etc/profile、/root/.bash_profile<br>/etc/bashrc、/root/.bashrc<br>/etc/profile.d/*.sh、/etc/profile.d/lang.sh<br>/etc/sysconfig/i18n、/etc/rc.local（/etc/rc.d/rc.local）</p>
<p><strong>一、修改开机启动文件：/etc/rc.local（或者/etc/rc.d/rc.local）</strong></p>
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<pre># 1.编辑rc.local文件
# vi /etc/rc.local
<br># 2.修改rc.local文件，在 exit 0 前面加入以下命令。保存并退出。
/etc/init.d/mysqld start # mysql开机启动
/etc/init.d/nginx start # nginx开机启动
supervisord -c /etc/supervisor/supervisord.conf # supervisord开机启动
/bin/bash /server/scripts/test.sh >/dev/null 2>/dev/null
<br># 3.最后修改rc.local文件的执行权限
# chmod +x/etc/rc.local
# chmod 755 /etc/rc.local</pre>
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<p><strong>二、自己写一个shell脚本</strong></p>
<p>将写好的脚本（.sh文件）放到目录 /etc/profile.d/ 下，系统启动后就会自动执行该目录下的所有shell脚本。</p>
<p><strong>三、通过chkconfig命令设置</strong></p>
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<pre># 1.将(脚本)启动文件移动到 /etc/init.d/或者/etc/rc.d/init.d/目录下。（前者是后者的软连接）
mv/www/wwwroot/test.sh /etc/rc.d/init.d
<br># 2.启动文件前面务必添加如下三行代码，否侧会提示chkconfig不支持。
#!/bin/sh 告诉系统使用的shell,所以的shell脚本都是这样
#chkconfig: 35 20 80 分别代表运行级别，启动优先权，关闭优先权，此行代码必须
#description: http server 自己随便发挥！！！，此行代码必须
/bin/echo $(/bin/date +%F_%T) >> /tmp/test.log
<br># 3.增加脚本的可执行权限
chmod +x/etc/rc.d/init.d/test.sh
<br># 4.添加脚本到开机自动启动项目中。添加到chkconfig，开机自启动。
# cd /etc/rc.d/init.d
# chkconfig --add test.sh
# chkconfig test.sh on
<br># 5.关闭开机启动
# chkconfig test.sh off
<br># 6.从chkconfig管理中删除test.sh
# chkconfig --del test.sh
<br># 7.查看chkconfig管理
# chkconfig --list test.sh</pre>
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<p><strong>四、自定义服务文件，添加到系统服务，通过Systemctl管理</strong></p>
<p>1.写服务文件：如nginx.service、redis.service、supervisord.service</p>
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<pre>:服务的说明
Description:描述服务
After:描述服务类别
服务运行参数的设置
Type=forking 是后台运行的形式
ExecStart 为服务的具体运行命令
ExecReload 为服务的重启命令
ExecStop 为服务的停止命令
PrivateTmp=True 表示给服务分配独立的临时空间
注意：启动、重启、停止命令全部要求使用绝对路径
服务安装的相关设置，可设置为多用户
WantedBy=multi-user.target </pre>
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<p>2.文件保存在目录下：以754的权限。目录路径：/usr/lib/systemd/system。如上面的supervisord.service文件放在这个目录下面。</p>
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<pre># cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/supervisord.service</pre>
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<p>3.设置开机自启动(任意目录下执行)。如果执行启动命令报错，则执行：systemctl daemon-reload</p>
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<pre>设置开机自启动
# systemctl enable nginx.service
# systemctl enable supervisord
<br>停止开机自启动
# systemctl disable nginx.service
# systemctl disable supervisord<br><br>验证一下是否为开机启动<br># systemctl is-enabled nginx<br># systemctl is-enabled supervisord</pre>
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<p>4.其他命令</p>
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<pre>启动nginx服务
# systemctl start nginx.service
<br>停止nginx服务
# systemctl start nginx.service
<br>重启nginx服务
# systemctl restart nginx.service
<br>查看nginx服务当前状态
# systemctl status nginx.service
<br>查看所有已启动的服务
# systemctl list-units --type=service</pre>
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<p>5.服务文件示例：</p>
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<pre># supervisord.service进程管理服务文件<br>
Description=Process Monitoring and Control Daemon # 内容自己定义：Description=Supervisor daemon
After=rc-local.service nss-user-lookup.target
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/bin/supervisord -c /etc/supervisor/supervisord.conf<br>ExecStop= /usr/bin/supervisorctl shutdown
ExecReload=/usr/bin/supervisorctl reload<br>Restart=on-failure<br>RestartSec=42s<br>KillMode=process <br>
WantedBy=multi-user.target</pre>
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<pre># nginx.service服务文件<br>
Description=nginx - high performance web server
After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
<br>
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
ExecStop=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
<br>
WantedBy=multi-user.target</pre>
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<pre># redis.service服务文件
Description=Redis
After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
<br>
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/redis-server /etc/redis.conf
ExecStop=kill -INT `cat /tmp/redis.pid`
User=www
Group=www
<br>
WantedBy=multi-user.target</pre>
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<p> https://www.cnblogs.com/zwcry/p/9602756.html</p>
<p> https://www.jianshu.com/p/e1442913eb0e</p>
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