二玲 發表於 2019-5-4 10:26:00

Python 之类型转换

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<pre><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> int(x[, base]) 将x转换为一个整数,base为进制,默认十进制</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">
#
#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> long(x[, base] ) 将x转换为一个长整数</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">
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#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> float(x) 将x转换到一个浮点数</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">
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#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> complex(real[, imag])创建一个复数</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">
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#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> str(x) 将对象 x 转换为字符串</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">
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#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> repr(x) 将对象 x 转换为表达式字符串</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">
#
#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> eval(str)用来计算在字符串中的有效Python表达式, 并返回一个对象</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">
#
#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> tuple(s) 将序列 s 转换为一个元组</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">
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#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> list(s) 将序列 s 转换为一个列表</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">
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#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> set(s) 转换为可变集合</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">
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#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> dict(d) 创建一个字典。d 必须是一个序列(key, value) 元组。</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">
#
#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> frozenset(s) 转换为不可变集合</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">
#
#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> chr(x) 将一个整数转换为一个字符</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">
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#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> unichr(x) 将一个整数转换为Unicode字符</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">
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#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> ord(x) 将一个字符转换为它的整数值</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">
#
#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> hex(x) 将一个整数转换为一个十六进制字符串</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">
#
#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> oct(x)将一个整数转换为一个八进制字符串</span>

<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">if</span> <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">__name__</span> == <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">__main__</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">:
    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">print</span>(int(1.2)) <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 1</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">print</span>(int(<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">12</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>, 16)) <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 18</span>

    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">print</span>(float(1)) <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 1.0</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">print</span>(float(<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">123</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>)) <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 123.0</span>

    <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> complex() 函数用于创建一个值为 real + imag * j 的复数或者转化一个字符串或数为复数。如果第一个参数为字符串,则不需要指定第二个参数。</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">print</span>(complex(1, 2)) <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> (1+2j)</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">print</span>(complex(<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">1</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span>)) <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> (1+0j)</span>
<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">
    dict1 </span>= {<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">a</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>: <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">b</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>, <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">c</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>: <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">d</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">};
    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">print</span>(type(str(dict1))) <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> {'a': 'b', 'c': 'd'} &lt;class 'str'&gt;</span>

    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">print</span>(eval(<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">pow(2,2)</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>)) <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 4</span>

    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">print</span>(tuple()) <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> (1, 2, 3, 4)</span>
<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">
    aTuple </span>= (123, <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">xyz</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>, <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">zara</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>, <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">abc</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">);
    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">print</span>(list(aTuple)) <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> </span>

    <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">set() 函数创建一个无序不重复元素集,可进行关系测试,删除重复数据,还可以计算交集、差集、并集等</span>
    x = set(<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">yangs</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">)
    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">print</span>(x) <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> {'y', 's', 'n', 'a', 'g'}</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">print</span>(type(x)) <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> &lt;class 'set'&gt;</span>
    y = set(<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">yy</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">)
    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">print</span>(x &amp; y) <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 交集 {'y'}</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">print</span>(x | y) <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 并集 {'n', 's', 'g', 'a', 'y'}</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">print</span>(x ^ y) <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 非集 {'n', 'g', 'a', 's'}</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">print</span>(x - y) <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 差集 {'n', 'g', 's', 'a'}</span>

    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">print</span>(dict(a=<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">a</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>, b=<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">b</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>, t=<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">t</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>)) <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> {'a': 'a', 'b': 'b', 't': 't'}</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">print</span>(dict(zip([<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">a</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span>,<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">b</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span>], [<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">c</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span>,<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">d</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span>]))) <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> {'a': 'b', 'c': 'd'}</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">print</span>(dict([(1, 2), (3, 4)])) <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> {1: 2, 3: 4}</span>

    <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> frozenset() 返回一个冻结的集合,冻结后集合不能再添加或删除任何元素。</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">print</span>(frozenset(<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">yangs</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span>)) <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> frozenset({'s', 'y', 'g', 'n', 'a'})</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">print</span>(type(frozenset(<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">yangs</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span>))) <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> &lt;class 'frozenset'&gt;</span>

    <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">chr() 用一个范围在 range(256)内的(就是0~255)整数作参数,返回一个对应的字符。</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">print</span>(chr(123)) <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> {</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">print</span>(chr(48)) <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> '0'</span>

    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">print</span>(ord(<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">a</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>)) <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 97</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">print</span>(ord(<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">0</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>)) <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 48</span>

    <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 将10进制整数转换成16进制,以字符串形式表示</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">print</span>(hex(255)) <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 0xff</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">print</span>(hex(0)) <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 0x0</span>
   
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">将一个整数转换成8进制字符串</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">print</span>(oct(10)) <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 0o12</span></pre>
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来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/yang-2018/p/10807667.html
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