关于在64位linux下开发32位linux程序的一些问题,ubuntu,debian,opensuse,centos7.9

李氏祖昂 發表於 2020-6-11 11:11:00

关于在64位linux下开发32位linux程序的一些问题,ubuntu,debian,opensuse,centos7.9

<h1>1,debian x64上支行ubuntuX64编译的32位程序 </h1>
Linux debian 4.19.0-8-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 4.19.98-1 (2020-01-26) x86_64
需要安装包
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>apt-get install lib32stdc++6
apt install glibc-devel.i686 glibc-devel
apt-get install lib32z1-dev</pre>
apt install libc6-dev-i386
</div>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>软件包：lib32z1-dev（1:1.2.8.dfsg-2+deb8u1）
lib32z1-dev 的相关链接
Screenshot
Debian 的资源：
报告问题
开发者信息
Debian Changelog
版权文件
Debian 补丁追踪网站
下载源码包 zlib：

维护者：
Mark Brown (QA 页面)
外部的资源：
主页
相似软件包：
lib64z1-dev
libz-mingw-w64-dev
lib32z1
libz-mingw-w64
zlib1g-dev
libn32z1-dev
zlib1g-dbg
lib64z1
zlib1g
compression library - 32 bit development
zlib is a library implementing the deflate compression method found in gzip and PKZIP. This package includes the development support files for building 32 bit applications.

其他与 lib32z1-dev 有关的软件包
依赖
推荐
建议
增强
dep: lib32c-dev
本虚包由这些包填实： libc6-dev-i386
dep: lib32z1 (= 1:1.2.8.dfsg-2+deb8u1)
compression library - 32 bit runtime
dep: zlib1g-dev (= 1:1.2.8.dfsg-2+deb8u1)
压缩库 - 开发文件</pre>
</div>
 
有32位的环境后,在/下可以看见
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/55930/202004/55930-20200426170023414-1426991677.png" alt="">
 
 lib32,lib64的库,程序就可以运行了.
使用file ,ldd 命令查看
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/55930/202004/55930-20200426170310632-137921031.png" alt="">
 
 可以正常加载x86的地址了.
 
<h1>2,opensuse</h1>
openSUSE-Update-Leap-15.1 ,x64
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>zyppper install glibc-devel-32bit
zypper install libstdc++-devel-32bit
zypper install libstdc++6-32bit</pre>
</div>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>前几天在64位linux下开发跨平台的代码，包括32位和64位的版本都需要编译，在给g++加上-m32开关之后，g++报了一个错误：

gnu/stubs-32.h: No such file or directory compilation terminated. make: ***

在网上翻了一圈，情况就是64位linux缺省只安装了64位的头文件和Lib版本，需要增加32位的版本库，网上提到的安装方法一般是CentOs, Ubuntu之类的发行版，我用的是OpenSuse，最后在老外的网页上找到了一个比较全面的各个版本的安装说明：

You need 32bit embedded GNU C Library. This incldes development Libraries, header files, contains the symlinks, headers, and object files needed to compile and link programs which use the standard C library.

Fix for Debian Linux
Type the following command:
$ sudo apt-get install libc6-dev

Fix for Ubuntu Linux
Type the following command:
$ sudo apt-get install libc6-dev-i386

Fix for OpenSUSE / Novell Suse Linux (SLES)
Type the following command:
# zypper in glibc-devel-32bit

Fix for RHEL / Fedora / CentOS / Scientific Linux
Type the following command：
# yum install glibc-devel.i686

 

安装了头文件，还要注意安装库文件，方法同上，包括以下库：

gcc-32bit gcc7-32bit libstdc++6-gcc7-32bit libstdc++6-gcc7-locale libstdc++6-locale</pre>
</div>
<h1> </h1>
<h1> </h1>
<h1>3,ubuntu x64上支行32位程序 </h1>
Ubuntu 16.04.6 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.4.0-142-generic x86_64)
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>apt-get install ia32-libs
apt-get install lib32ncurses5
apt-get install lib32z1
apt-get install lib32z1-dev
apt install libc6-dev-i386</pre>
</div>
 
<div class="cnblogs_Highlighter">
<pre class="brush:csharp;gutter:true;">Ubuntu apt-get install ia32 for 32-bit on 64-bit
先更新 ia32的库

复制代码
https://www.cnblogs.com/tianciliangen/articles/3395973.html

To install 32-bit libraries on a 64-bit linux system
Install:

$ apt-get install ia32-libs
To install 32-bit libraries for development
Install:

$ apt-get install lib32gcc1 libc6-i386 lib32z1 lib32stdc++6
$ apt-get install lib32asound2 lib32ncurses5 lib32gomp1 lib32z1-dev lib32bz2-dev
$ apt-get install g++-multilib
You may need this too, or it may be a virtual package already provided:

$ apt-get install ia32-libs-gtk
You may need a symlink, which g++-multilib may set up for you automatically:

$ ln -s /usr/lib32/libstdc++.so.6 /usr/lib32/libstdc++.so
Update LD_LIBRARY_PATH
You may need to add the LD path, for example like this:

$ edit /etc/profile
... add these lines...
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/lib32:/usr/lib32
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
To compile with gcc
To compile things with gcc, you need to add the flag -m32 like this:

gcc -m32 myfile.c
</pre>
</div>
 
<h1> </h1>
<h1>4,centos7.9 x64编译x32</h1>
#先更新 yum update 
sudo yum install -y glibc-devel.i686 libgcc.i686 sudo yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ sudo yum install -y glibc-devel.i686 sudo yum install -y libstdc++-devel.i686 sudo yum install -y zlib-devel.i686 openssl-devel.i686 ncurses-devel.i686
#在 CentOS 7 上遇到 libstdc++.so.6: version 'GLIBCXX_3.4.20' not found 错误通常意味着你的系统中缺少或者版本过旧的 libstdc++ 库，而你的程序需要更高版本的库。 这通常发生在使用了较新编译的二进制文件，而这些二进制文件依赖于更高版本的 libstdc++。 sudo yum install epel-release sudo yum install centos-release-scl sudo yum install devtoolset-7-gcc* strings /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6 | grep GLIBCXX
 
最后发现还是不行,改用安装 docker-ubuntu来解决
Dockerfile 文件内容 
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>#一个 dockerfile 可以有多个 FROM
# 使用官方的Ubuntu 16.04镜像作为基础镜像
FROM ubuntu:16.04

# 维护人信息
#MAINTAINER Generate SnmpServer North docker image<xxx@xxx.com>

# 设置时区（可选）
ENV TZ=Etc/UTC
RUN ln -snf /usr/share/zoneinfo/$TZ /etc/localtime && echo $TZ > /etc/timezone

# 工作目录
WORKDIR /app

# 更新软件包列表
RUN apt-get update

# 更新软件源并安装必要的工具链和库
RUN apt-get install -y \
gcc \
g++ \
make \
gcc-multilib \
g++-multilib \
libc6-dev-i386 \
libssl-dev

RUN apt-get install -y lib32gcc1 libc6-i386 lib32z1 lib32stdc++6
RUN apt-get install -yapt-utils

# 安装基本工具，例如curl, wget, vim等
#RUN apt-get install -y curl wget vim net-tools iputils-ping

# 清理缓存
RUN apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* /tmp/* /var/tmp/*

# 添加环境变量
ENV PATH=$PATH:/app
ENV LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib:/usr/lib64:/usr/local/lib:/usr/local/lib64:/app

# 容器启动时默认进入bash
CMD ["/bin/bash"]

COPY docker-entrypoint.sh /app
RUN chmod u+x /app/docker-entrypoint.sh

# 启动服务
#ENTRYPOINT ["/bin/sh", "cmain.exe"]
ENTRYPOINT ["/bin/sh", "/app/docker-entrypoint.sh"]</pre>
</div>
 
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>#一个 dockerfile 可以有多个 FROM
# 使用官方的Ubuntu 16.04镜像作为基础镜像
FROM ubuntu:16.04

# 维护人信息
#MAINTAINER Generate SnmpServer North docker image<xxx@xxx.com>

# 设置时区（可选）
ENV TZ=Etc/UTC
RUN ln -snf /usr/share/zoneinfo/$TZ /etc/localtime && echo $TZ > /etc/timezone

# 工作目录
WORKDIR /app

# 更新软件包列表
RUN apt-get update

# 更新软件源并安装必要的工具链和库
RUN apt-get install -y \
gcc \
g++ \
make \
gcc-multilib \
g++-multilib \
libc6-dev-i386 \
libssl-dev

RUN apt-get install -y lib32gcc1 libc6-i386 lib32z1 lib32stdc++6
RUN apt-get install -yapt-utils

# 安装基本工具，例如curl, wget, vim等
#RUN apt-get install -y curl wget vim net-tools iputils-ping

# 设置环境变量，确保使用 UTF-8 编码
ENV LANG C.UTF-8
ENV LANGUAGE zh_CN.UTF-8
ENV LC_ALL zh_CN.UTF-8

# 更新软件包列表并安装必要的语言包和字体
RUNapt-get install -y locales && \
locale-gen zh_CN.UTF-8 && \
update-locale LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8 && \
apt-get install -y fonts-wqy-zenhei && \
apt-get clean && \
rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# 清理缓存
RUN apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* /tmp/* /var/tmp/*

# 添加环境变量
ENV PATH=$PATH:/app
ENV LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib:/usr/lib64:/usr/local/lib:/usr/local/lib64:/app

# 容器启动时默认进入bash
CMD ["/bin/bash"]

COPY docker-entrypoint.sh /app
RUN chmod u+x /app/docker-entrypoint.sh

# 启动服务
#ENTRYPOINT ["/bin/sh", "cmain.exe"]
ENTRYPOINT ["/bin/sh", "/app/docker-entrypoint.sh"]</pre>
</div>
 
docker-entrypoint.sh
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>#!/bin/sh

svc="/app/swrunx86_r"

#一直执行
while [ 1 ]
do
if ps -ef | grep $svc | egrep -v grep >/dev/null
then
 # outtime=$(date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
 # echo "$outtime,$svc found!XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX1" >> /home/abc.txt
 cd /app/
else
 # outtime=$(date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
 #
 export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/app/:./
 cd /app/
 /app/swrunx86_r &
fi
#6秒执行一次
sleep 6
done</pre>
</div>
 
docker创建服务.txt
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>docker build -t ubuntu_32_64_builder:16.04 .

docker save ubuntu_32_64_builder:16.04 | gzip > ubuntu_32_64_builder_16_04.tar.gz

gunzip -c /data/createdocker/ubuntu_32_64_builder_16_04.tar.gz | docker load

mkdir -p /data/ubuntu_32_64/app
docker run --net=host --uts=host --restart=always \
--privileged=true -d --name ubuntu_32_64 \
-v /data/ubuntu_32_64/app:/app \
-v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro \
ubuntu_32_64_builder:16.04</pre>
</div>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
　　
  
来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/bleachli/p/12780848.html

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关于在64位linux下开发32位linux程序的一些问题,ubuntu,debian,opensuse,centos7.9