[debian]debian个人学习备忘 原创
<p></p><div class="toc">
<h4>文章目录</h4>
<ul><li>个人环境</li><li>Debian社区</li><li><ul><li>社区</li><li>文档</li><li>新维护者文档(DM)</li></ul>
</li><li>安全使用frankdebian (sid/testing)</li><li>初始化</li><li><ul><li>testing 下载链接</li><li>testing软件源</li><li>无限网卡驱动</li><li>N卡驱动</li><li>grub 分辨率</li><li>soduers用户组</li></ul>
</li><li>软件</li><li><ul><li>输入法</li><li><ul><li>fcitx输入法</li><li>ibus输入法</li></ul>
</li><li>Terminal</li><li><ul><li>Guake</li></ul>
</li><li>虚拟化</li><li><ul><li>Gnome-boxes</li><li>plank</li></ul>
</li><li>mkfs</li><li>vpn</li><li>vscode</li><li>chrome</li><li>wine</li><li>crossover</li><li><ul><li>网上大部分都已经失效</li><li>wine32</li><li>ia32-libs</li><li>完成</li></ul>
</li><li>百度云盘</li><li>wps</li><li>libvpx5_1.7.0</li><li>GO</li><li>goland</li><li>steam</li><li>系统恢复</li><li><ul><li>TimeShift</li></ul>
</li></ul>
</li><li>gnome-shell</li><li><ul><li>gnome-tweak-tool(优化)</li><li>gnome-extensions(拓展)</li><li>chrome-gnome-shell(web-gnomeExtension的自动下载器，从此之后扩展下载只需要打开按钮)</li></ul>
</li><li>美化</li><li><ul><li>gnome-look.org (gnome-shell视觉布局,都有教程教你怎么下载和使用)</li><li>extensions.gnome.org (gnome-shell扩展)</li><li><ul><li>dush-to-dock (dock的变更)</li><li>myHiddenTopBar(真正隐藏topBar)</li><li>Screenshot Tools(方便的截屏)</li><li>Unite(将TopBar和任务顶栏融合，节省空间)</li><li>PublicIP(TopBar上显示公共IP)</li><li>Cover-Alt-Tab(美丽的任务切换动画)</li><li>Applications Menu(应用任务单)</li><li>Transaparent Window Moving(移动窗口模糊)</li></ul>
</li><li>Grub</li></ul>
</li><li>shell</li><li>Emacs</li><li><ul><li>如何终端一行启动Emacs shell?</li></ul>
</li><li>报错</li><li><ul><li>checkDog not stop</li><li>Error mounting:mount:unknown filesystem type ntfs</li><li>glXChooseVisual failed报警</li><li>w: possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/rtl_nic/rtl8125a-3.fw for module r8169</li><li>E: 您必须在 sources.list 中指定代码源(deb-src) URI 解决办法</li><li>Git 报错</li><li><ul><li>GnuTLS recv error (-54)</li><li>GnuTLS recv error (-110)</li><li>fatal: unable to access ‘https://github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh.git/‘:</li><li>fatal: 不在 git 仓库中</li><li>ACPI error</li><li>firmware: failed to load iwl-debug-yoyo.bin (-2) (debian testing)</li><li>faild start gnome display</li></ul>
</li></ul>
</li><li>常识</li><li><ul><li>apt下载的文件放在哪里？</li><li>第三方源再哪？</li><li>如何建立个人deb源</li><li>debianCN软件原</li><li>怎么更改GNOME登录界面？</li><li>fanqiang</li><li>如何优雅使用虚拟机win</li></ul>
</li><li>个人配置</li><li><ul><li>软件源</li><li><ul><li>第三方扩展</li></ul>
</li><li>扩展</li><li><ul><li>part2</li></ul>
</li><li>怎么更改screenfetch的ascii art</li><li><ul><li>怎么更改big sur menu的苹果logo</li><li>个人画</li></ul>
</li></ul>
</li><li>个人效果</li></ul>
</div>
<p></p>
<h2>个人环境</h2>
<p>debian sid,gnome3.38.4</p>
<h2>Debian社区</h2>
<h3>社区</h3>
<p>bebian.org</p>
<h3>文档</h3>
<p>https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals</p>
<h3>新维护者文档(DM)</h3>
<p>https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debmake-doc/</p>
<h2>安全使用frankdebian (sid/testing)</h2>
<p><img src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/86c1d84237c4ce11f1e8b020223be072.png#pic_center"><br> <img src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/afd267d885f3b391f8ed103c950e6161.png#pic_center"></p>
<p><img src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/c2125bdc3d59d777e28e7c05037c590e.png#pic_center"><img src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/ad56ecc7ded807a3518de551d7162b3a.png#pic_center"><img src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/e02e13d99452ba8c02e2a8993507367f.png#pic_center"><br> <img src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/de9d9d17581e338a58989af713d8dbc7.png#pic_center"><br> <img src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/efebf9d5fd7a27aa6c919df9d48d2709.png#pic_center"></p>
<p><img src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/ea553352186b878a7db0fdae1e14324d.png#pic_center"><br> ubuntuqa翻译<br> linuxconfig原版</p>
<h2>初始化</h2>
<h3>testing 下载链接</h3>
<h3>testing软件源</h3>
<pre><code class="prism language-bash">方法一：添加debian testing版本源
如果安装的是debian stable版，只要喜欢，任何时间都可以将其变成 testing版本，方法很简单，用喜欢的编辑器打开：/etc/apt/source.list 源文件，用<span class="token comment">#号注释掉之前的源，加入下面的源文件,该源长期有效，因为每个debian版本，都会有testing版本。</span>
<span class="token comment"># --------testing源</span>
deb http://security.debian.org/ testing/updates main contrib
deb-src http://security.debian.org/ testing/updates main contrib
deb-src http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ testing-updates main contrib
deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ testing-updates main contrib
<span class="token comment"># 163</span>
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ testing main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ testing-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ testing main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ testing-updates main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ testing/updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ testing/updates main non-free contrib
<span class="token comment">#中国官方源镜像</span>
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ testing main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ testing main contrib non-free
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ testing-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ testing-updates main contrib non-free
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ testing/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ testing/updates main contrib non-free
保存源文件，终端下执行：
<span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">apt-get</span> update
<span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">apt-get</span> upgrade
<span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">apt-get</span> dist-upgrade
系统就开始更新了，等待的时间可能会有点长，取决于网络速度。升级完成后，发现一切都变了,内核从3.16变成4.8了，当然，不止内核，一切都变了,隔一两个星期再执行以上的命令，就会发现，你的debian系统永远是最新的。
方法二：直接使用testing镜像安装
下载debian testing版本ISO镜像，刻盘或制作U盘启动工具，就可以安装testing了，推荐使用这种方式进行testing，不需要设置。直接安装就是testing了。
DVD镜像下载地址：http://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/weekly-builds/amd64/iso-dvd/
</code></pre>
<h3>无限网卡驱动</h3>
<blockquote>
<p>安装firmware-iwlwifi包：</p>
<p>apt-get install firmware-iwlwifi</p>
<p>iwlwifi模块可以被自动加载，当iwlwifi被自动加载时我们需要重新插入该模块以访问固件。<br> 设置iwlwifi自动重新加载：</p>
<p>modprobe -r iwlwifi ; modprobe iwlwifi</p>
</blockquote>
<pre><code class="prism language-bash">扩展知识：
Debian是一个开源操作系统。因此，在安装Debian的时候，默认只安装自由软件，而非自由软件（non-free）则不会被默认安装。在Debian官方的wiki（https://wiki.debian.org/WiFi）中有关于wifi固件以及非开源的wifi驱动程序的说明，在这篇关于wifi的wiki里，有这样的描述:
”Currently there are only a few modern wifi chipsets readily available that work with <span class="token function">free</span> software systems. For USB wifi devices this list includes the Realtek RTL8187B chipset <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">802</span>.11G<span class="token punctuation">)</span> and the Atheros AR9170 chipset <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">802</span>.11N<span class="token punctuation">)</span>. For Mini PCIe all cards with an Atheros chipset are supported.”.
翻译成中文就是：
“目前只有少数几个现代的WiFi芯片组可以与自由软件系统一起工作。对于USB WiFi设备，该列表包括RealTek RTL8187B芯片组（802.11g）和ActhOS AR9170芯片组（802.11n）。对于小型PCIe，所有具有AcICOS芯片组的卡都得到支持。”
也就是说并不是所有计算机中的wifi固件都支持自由软件，因此Debian9默认并没有启用对wifi的支持。但是 <span class="token number">802</span>.11n是支持自由软件的，所以我们需要安装iwlwifi Linux kernel driver（iwlwifi内核驱动程序）来启用对Intel <span class="token number">802</span>.11n devices（Intel <span class="token number">802</span>.11n设备）的支持。
参考资料：
<span class="token number">1</span>.Debian Wiki: WiFi：https://wiki.debian.org/WiFi
<span class="token number">2</span>.Debian Wiki: iwlwifi：https://wiki.debian.org/iwlwifi
<span class="token number">3</span>.iwlwifi - WikiDevi：https://wikidevi.com/wiki/Iwlwifi
</code></pre>
<h3>N卡驱动</h3>
<p>wiki.Debian.org->NvidiaGraphicsDrivers<br> sudo apt-get install nvidia-detect</p>
<p>然后使用nvidia-detect查看显卡型号，apt特定型号显卡</p>
<pre><code class="prism language-bash">Debian <span class="token number">11</span> <span class="token string">"Bullseye"</span>
Version <span class="token number">460.73</span>.01
For support of GeForce <span class="token number">600</span> series and newer GPUs <span class="token punctuation">(</span>supported devices<span class="token punctuation">)</span>. For older devices, see Version <span class="token number">390.143</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>legacy GPUs<span class="token punctuation">)</span>.
Add <span class="token string">"contrib"</span> and <span class="token string">"non-free"</span> components to /etc/apt/sources.list, <span class="token keyword">for</span> example:
<span class="token comment"># Debian 11 "Bullseye"</span>
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
Update the list of available packages, <span class="token keyword">then</span> we can <span class="token function">install</span> the nvidia-driver package, plus the necessary firmware:
<span class="token comment"># apt update</span>
<span class="token comment"># apt install nvidia-legacy-390xx-driver firmware-misc-nonfree</span>
DKMS will build the nvidia module <span class="token keyword">for</span> your system, via the nvidia-kernel-dkms package.
Restart your system to load the new driver.
Version <span class="token number">390.143</span>
For support of GeForce <span class="token number">400</span> series and newer GPUs <span class="token punctuation">(</span>supported devices<span class="token punctuation">)</span>.
Add <span class="token string">"contrib"</span> and <span class="token string">"non-free"</span> components to /etc/apt/sources.list, <span class="token keyword">for</span> example:
<span class="token comment"># Debian 11 "Bullseye"</span>
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
Update the list of available packages, <span class="token keyword">then</span> we can <span class="token function">install</span> the nvidia-legacy-390xx-driver package, plus the necessary firmware:
<span class="token comment"># apt update</span>
<span class="token comment"># apt install nvidia-legacy-390xx-driver firmware-misc-nonfree</span>
DKMS will build the nvidia module <span class="token keyword">for</span> your system, via the nvidia-legacy-390xx-kernel-dkms package.
Restart your system to load the new driver.
</code></pre>
<h3>grub 分辨率</h3>
<pre><code class="prism language-cpp"> $ sudo gedit <span class="token operator">/</span>etc<span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token keyword">default</span><span class="token operator">/</span>grub
然后在打开的grub文件中找到GRUB_GFXMODE，将前面的注释去掉，并将其值设置为
GRUB_GFXMODE<span class="token operator">=</span>XXXxYYY
（注：也可以改为其他显卡支持的分辨率，但不能改为<span class="token number">16</span>：<span class="token number">9</span>的分辨率，否则没有任何效果，不知为何。）
然后命令行中输入：
$ sudo update<span class="token operator">-</span>grub
让配置生效。重启电脑。
</code></pre>
<h3>soduers用户组</h3>
<pre><code class="prism language-bash">
切换到root：
<span class="token function">su</span> root
修改sudoers
<span class="token function">nano</span> /etc/sudoers
在root <span class="token assign-left variable">ALL</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ALL:ALL<span class="token punctuation">)</span> ALL下，加入：
yourName <span class="token assign-left variable">ALL</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ALL:ALL<span class="token punctuation">)</span> ALL
</code></pre>
<h2>软件</h2>
<h3>输入法</h3>
<h4>fcitx输入法</h4>
<h4>ibus输入法</h4>
<p>因为我重新装了之后fcitx发生错误，所以安装了ibus</p>
<pre><code class="prism language-bash">删除fcitx相关文件（可选项）。
<span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">apt-get</span> remove fcitx*
安装ibus框架。
<span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">apt-get</span> <span class="token function">install</span> ibus ibus-clutter ibus-gtk ibus-gtk3 ibus-qt4
启用ibus框架。
im-config -s ibus
重启系统或者注销当前账户。
安装相应输入法<span class="token punctuation">(</span>以安装拼音输入法为例<span class="token punctuation">)</span>。
<span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">apt-get</span> <span class="token function">install</span> ibus-pinyin
附常见几种输入法
IBus拼音：sudo <span class="token function">apt-get</span> <span class="token function">install</span> ibus-pinyin
IBUS五笔：sudo <span class="token function">apt-get</span> <span class="token function">install</span> ibus-table-wubi
谷歌拼音输入法：sudo <span class="token function">apt-get</span> <span class="token function">install</span> ibus-googlepinyin
Sun拼音输入法：sudo <span class="token function">apt-get</span> <span class="token function">install</span> ibus-sunpinyin
添加中文输入法，修改输入法切换快捷键。
————————————————
版权声明：本文为CSDN博主「羽墨志」的原创文章，遵循CC <span class="token number">4.0</span> BY-SA版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。
原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/u011852211/article/details/76100611
</code></pre>
<p>使用ibus-setup 开启ibus设置<br> <img src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/7560122319a14456365c8e5784acf186.png#pic_center">在打开Debian系统设置，更改自己的输入法，同时这样也能在右上角任务栏显示了！<br> <img src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/7b731f9396eb5c015d18c8cfe378f075.png#pic_center"><br> <img src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/9557866a1d78a717f467e4aa00e7f547.png#pic_center"></p>
<h3>Terminal</h3>
<h4>Guake</h4>
<p>F12一键呼出</p>
<h3>虚拟化</h3>
<h4>Gnome-boxes</h4>
<p>虚拟盒子，类似virtualbox</p>
<h4>plank</h4>
<p>美化的dock</p>
<h3>mkfs</h3>
<p>apt install xfsprogs xfsdump</p>
<h3>vpn</h3>
<h3>vscode</h3>
<pre><code>在Debian上安装VS Code
在你的Debian linux操作系统上通过以下步骤来完成 VS Code 的安装。
01、首先输入以下内容来更新软件包索引并安装依赖项：
sudo apt update
sudo apt install software-properties-common apt-transport-https curl
02、使用以下curl命令导入Microsoft GPG密钥：
curl -sSL https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | sudo apt-key add -
将Visual Studio代码存储库添加到你的系统：
sudo add-apt-repository "deb https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/vscode stable main"
03、添加存储库后，安装最新版本的Visual Studio代码：
sudo apt update
sudo apt install code
至此， Visual Studio Code已安装在你的 Debian linux操作系统上了，你可以开始使用它。
</code></pre>
<h3>chrome</h3>
<pre><code> 一、下载Google Chrome .deb包
使用wget下载最新Google Chrome软件包到Debian Linux系统：
wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
如果你的系统上没有wget，请使用以下命令安装：
sudo apt -y install wget
参考：在Linux系统中安装Wget、Htop、Nano、Lynx、Fzf、Pydf的方法。
二、在Debian 10/9上安装Google Chrome浏览器
下载后，使用apt install命令安装软件包，你需要sudo来完成这个操作：
sudo apt install ./google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
此命令将在Debian上安装Google Chrome，在此过程中，它还会添加Google存储库，以便你的系统自动更新Google Chrome：
$ cat /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list
注1：这个文件是自动配置的。
注2：可以注释掉此条目，但任何其他修改可能会丢失。
deb http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main
</code></pre>
<h3>wine</h3>
<pre><code>需要安装wine32 ，但64位的debian下无法apt-get install wine32
在执行exploit时会出现 ：
it looks like wine32 is missing, you should install it.
multiarch needs to be enabled first. as root, please
execute "dpkg --add-architecture i386 && apt-get update &&
apt-get install wine32"
按照上面的方法dpkg --add-architecture i386 && apt-get update &&
apt-get install wine32即可
</code></pre>
<h3>crossover</h3>
<p>本次是第三次重装系统，我到是发现我用的debian非官方加固件镜像再加testingDVD完全可以把很多驱动和输入法，时区给解决掉。</p>
<p>总之这次的问题是我在安装crossover时出现了非常多的32位包缺乏！<br> 解决方法倒是帖子满天飞</p>
<h4>网上大部分都已经失效</h4>
<p>经过我三小时谷歌，最后灵光一闪，既然crossoer是wine的定制版，那么我可以可以找找wine?</p>
<h4>wine32</h4>
<pre><code class="prism language-bash">//加入32位系统设定
dpkg --add-architecture i386
<span class="token function">apt</span> <span class="token function">install</span> wine wine32
</code></pre>
<h4>ia32-libs</h4>
<p>然后大部分依赖都完成了，剩下了一个 <code>ia32-libs</code><br> 我在pksg.org找到了ia32-libs包</p>
<pre><code class="prism language-bash"><span class="token function">wget</span> http://packages.linuxmint.com/pool/main/i/ia32-libs/ia32-libs_2020.05.27_amd64.deb
</code></pre>
<pre><code class="prism language-bash"><span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">apt</span> <span class="token function">install</span> ./ia32-libs_2020.05.27_amd64.deb
</code></pre>
<h4>完成</h4>
<p><img src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/e496580f615afc1a48f1276fb3b03f65.png#pic_center"></p>
<h3>百度云盘</h3>
<p>下载地址<br> https://pan.baidu.com/download</p>
<p>缺少依赖包：libappindicator3-1_0.4.92-3.1</p>
<pre><code class="prism language-bash">http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/pool/main/liba/libappindicator/libappindicator3-1_0.4.92-3.1_amd64.deb<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
</code></pre>
<p>libappindicator3-1_0.4.92-3.1 依赖libindicator3-7_0.5.0-2</p>
<pre><code class="prism language-bash">
http://ftp.cn.debian.org/debian/pool/main/libi/libindicator/libindicator3-7_0.5.0-2_amd64.deb
</code></pre>
<p>这俩安装完之后就可以安装百度云盘了</p>
<h3>wps</h3>
<p>http://wps-community.org/</p>
<h3>libvpx5_1.7.0</h3>
<p>https://packages.debian.org/buster/amd64/libvpx5/download</p>
<h3>GO</h3>
<pre><code>## 安装
apt install golang
## 配置~/.bashrc
### 打开
sudo gedit ~/.bashrc
### 写入
export GOROOT=/usr/lib/go
export GOOS=linux
export GOPATH=/home/xxx/go#自定义工作目录，下属有三个子目录pkg，src, bin（不用手动创建）
export GOBIN=$GOROOT/bin#go安装目录下的bin目录
export PATH=.:$PATH:$GOBIN#将GOBIN设置为PATH
export PATH=.:$PATH:$GOPATH/bin#将GOPATH/bin设置为PATH，使用一些第三方库
### 启用配置文件
source ~/.bashrc
### 测试
在新建GOPATH下新建三个目录
mkdir src pkg bin
src 存放源码
pkg 存放编译生成的文件
bin 存放生成的可执行文件
创建第一个go应用
cd $GOPATH/src
mkdir test1
cd test1
vi t1.go
package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
fmt.Println("Hello world, I'm learning Golang")
}
</code></pre>
<h3>goland</h3>
<pre><code>##download
https://www.jetbrains.com/go/download/#section=linux
## 解压到/usr/local/目录下
## 进入goland的bin目录下执行./goland.sh开启goland
## 配置为全局启动
将GoLand的启动脚本goland.sh加入用户的/usr/bin/目录下，
可以在任意位置执行goland.sh启动GoLand IDE。
~$ cd /usr/local/GoLand/bin/
~$ sudo ln -s $(pwd)/goland.sh /usr/bin/goland.sh
## 配置启动命令别名并独立运行
按照步骤2中的方式启动GoLand之后，必须保持启动GoLand的terminal保持active，否则GoLand也会随之退出。
因此，通过重命名alias的方式简化启动命令，并独立运行（不随terminal关闭而退出）。
打开.bashrc并定义别名：
~$ vim .bashrc
...
alias goland='nohup goland.sh & >/dev/null'
然后重新打开一个terminal，直接输入goland回车即可启动。
</code></pre>
<h3>steam</h3>
<p>apt install steam</p>
<pre><code>问题1:
需要更新，但显示没有网
下载
https://store.steampowered.com/about/
问题2:
安装steam时提示缺少libGL.so.1
环境：debian10.6+gnome3.30.2
解决方法：sudo apt-get install libgl1-nvidia-glvnd-glx:i386
</code></pre>
<h3>系统恢复</h3>
<h4>TimeShift</h4>
<h2>gnome-shell</h2>
<h3>gnome-tweak-tool(优化)</h3>
<h3>gnome-extensions(拓展)</h3>
<h3>chrome-gnome-shell(web-gnomeExtension的自动下载器，从此之后扩展下载只需要打开按钮)</h3>
<h2>美化</h2>
<h3>gnome-look.org (gnome-shell视觉布局,都有教程教你怎么下载和使用)</h3>
<h3>extensions.gnome.org (gnome-shell扩展)</h3>
<h4>dush-to-dock (dock的变更)</h4>
<h4>myHiddenTopBar(真正隐藏topBar)</h4>
<h4>Screenshot Tools(方便的截屏)</h4>
<h4>Unite(将TopBar和任务顶栏融合，节省空间)</h4>
<h4>PublicIP(TopBar上显示公共IP)</h4>
<h4>Cover-Alt-Tab(美丽的任务切换动画)</h4>
<h4>Applications Menu(应用任务单)</h4>
<h4>Transaparent Window Moving(移动窗口模糊)</h4>
<h3>Grub</h3>
<p>修改！<br> gedit /usr/default/grub<br> 更改符合自己计算机硬件的像素</p>
<p>apt update-grub 更新grub</p>
<h2>shell</h2>
<p>fish shell 真好<br> oh-my-fish 框架 https://github.com/oh-my-fish/oh-my-fish</p>
<h2>Emacs</h2>
<h3>如何终端一行启动Emacs shell?</h3>
<pre><code class="prism language-bash">在fish shell
gedit ~/.config/fish/functions/config.shell
在bash shell
gedit ~/.bashrc
<span class="token builtin class-name">alias</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">eshell</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'emacs -nw --eval "(eshell)"'</span>
</code></pre>
<h2>报错</h2>
<h3>checkDog not stop</h3>
<p><img src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a6b4348b61cd1d5d67c096ac1f654e05.png#pic_center">原文链接</p>
<h3>Error mounting:mount:unknown filesystem type ntfs</h3>
<p>apt install ntfs-3g</p>
<h3>glXChooseVisual failed报警</h3>
<p>debian安装这个包即可：</p>
<p>sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386<br> sudo apt install nvidia-driver-libs:i386</p>
<h3>w: possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/rtl_nic/rtl8125a-3.fw for module r8169</h3>
<pre><code class="prism language-bash"><span class="token function">mkdir</span> rtl8125b_fw
<span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> rtl8125b_fw
<span class="token function">wget</span> https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/firmware/linux-firmware.git/plain/rtl_nic/rtl8125b-2.fw
<span class="token function">wget</span> https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/firmware/linux-firmware.git/plain/rtl_nic/rtl8168fp-3.fw
<span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">cp</span> *.fw /lib/firmware/rtl_nic/
<span class="token function">sudo</span> update-initramfs -u
</code></pre>
<p>StackOverflow参考<br> gitkernel</p>
<h3>E: 您必须在 sources.list 中指定代码源(deb-src) URI 解决办法</h3>
<p>原因是我们的文件/etc/apt/source.list里的deb-src都被注释掉了，而现在我们需要，找到问题了就好解决了，</p>
<h3>Git 报错</h3>
<h4>GnuTLS recv error (-54)</h4>
<pre><code>原因：上传的文件太大，缓存不够，默认只有1M
解决方法：将缓存改为500M
</code></pre>
<pre><code class="prism language-bash">将缓存改为500M
<span class="token function">git</span> config http.postBuffer <span class="token number">524288000</span>
</code></pre>
<h4>GnuTLS recv error (-110)</h4>
<p>Recompile and install git solve it finally, the steps are the following:</p>
<pre><code class="prism language-bash"><span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">apt-get</span> <span class="token function">install</span> build-essential fakeroot dpkg-dev -y
<span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">apt-get</span> build-dep <span class="token function">git</span> -y
<span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">apt-get</span> <span class="token function">install</span> libcurl4-openssl-dev -y
<span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> ~
<span class="token function">mkdir</span> source-git
<span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> source-git/
<span class="token function">apt-get</span> <span class="token builtin class-name">source</span> <span class="token function">git</span>
<span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> git-2.*.*/
<span class="token function">sed</span> -i -- <span class="token string">'s/libcurl4-gnutls-dev/libcurl4-openssl-dev/'</span> ./debian/control
<span class="token function">sed</span> -i -- <span class="token string">'/TEST\s*=\s*test/d'</span> ./debian/rules
dpkg-buildpackage -rfakeroot -b -uc -us
<span class="token function">sudo</span> dpkg -i <span class="token punctuation">..</span>/git_*ubuntu*.deb
</code></pre>
<p>https://stackoverflow.com/questions/52529639/gnutls-recv-error-110-the-tls-connection-was-non-properly-terminated</p>
<h4>fatal: unable to access ‘https://github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh.git/‘:</h4>
<p>今天发现ohmyzsh更新失败了，我特地找了一下原因，下面是更新失败的日志：<br> 貌似这些关于github的失效了，于是我把hosts里面关于github的部分全部删除了：</p>
<p>sudo vim /etc/hosts<br> 按dd键可以删除<br> wq保存推出</p>
<h4>fatal: 不在 git 仓库中</h4>
<p>git init</p>
<h4>ACPI error</h4>
<p><img src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/3c6f245902da3d435daa778451aec9f3.png#pic_center"></p>
<h4>firmware: failed to load iwl-debug-yoyo.bin (-2) (debian testing)</h4>
<p><img src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/b6e49fe5c9d58701a790b2a4263b895e.png#pic_center"></p>
<p>https://www.reddit.com/r/debian/comments/i60j1c/firmware_failed_to_load_iwldebugyoyobin_2_debian/</p>
<h4>faild start gnome display</h4>
<p>我本来去google搜索，都说是显卡问题，但是我感觉不对劲，我什么也没干，怎么就显卡炸了？<br> 于是我就在csdn搜了一下，然后我就打开了df</p>
<p>我发现我自己的根目录炸了，直接满内存，然后我删掉了一些之后重启就可以进入图形化！<br> 近来之后我用了<code>FileLight</code>这个软件查看了一些根目录分布！发现我的/var/log奇迹一样有60多个G！<br> 于是我就</p>
<pre><code class="prism language-bash"><span class="token function">mv</span> /var/log/ /home
<span class="token function">ln</span> -s /home/log/ /var/
</code></pre>
<p>这样就做到了在home存储，但是文件结构不变，因为软连接文件指向了/<br> 现在我的根目录就OK了<br> <img src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/753e82869cb51a4800c1993304fea4ff.png"></p>
<h2>常识</h2>
<h3>apt下载的文件放在哪里？</h3>
<p>/var/cache/apt/archives</p>
<h3>第三方源再哪？</h3>
<p>/etc/apt/source.list.d/</p>
<h3>如何建立个人deb源</h3>
<p>reprepro + apache/<br> debian管理员手册</p>
<h3>debianCN软件原</h3>
<p>https://repo.debiancn.org</p>
<h3>怎么更改GNOME登录界面？</h3>
<blockquote>
<p>sudo gedit /etc/gdm3/greeter.dconf-defaults<br> 然后进去把需要的选项去掉注释自己改</p>
</blockquote>
<h3>fanqiang</h3>
<p>protoonvpn<br> shadows<br> v2ary<br> veepn</p>
<h3>如何优雅使用虚拟机win</h3>
<p>添加debiancn源，然后直接安装virtualbox<br> 但是虚拟机不在ssd实在太慢，所以我把他放在我仅有110G的ssd中分了50G.</p>
<p>在itellyou网站上下载了win.iso,安装好之后又使用虚拟增强功能使得可以全屏且更加流畅。</p>
<p>这个时候我遇到一个问题，我的非ROOT用户怎么无障碍使用这个位于根目录下的文件？<br> 我在gnome extension下载了vmbox assest这个插件方便管理。<br> 先将ssd程序包整个用软连接放到我的账户上来</p>
<pre><code class="prism language-bash">~ <span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">ln</span> -s/usr/local/programes/ /home/z2cat/
</code></pre>
<p>然后使用 <code>sudo chmod 777 -R /home/z2cat/ssdProgrames/</code> 更改了所有的权限，这样我现在就得到了实际位于ssd，但是逻辑上属于账户自身的win10</p>
<h2>个人配置</h2>
<h3>软件源</h3>
<pre><code class="prism language-bash"><span class="token comment"># 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释</span>
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ sid main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ sid main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ testing main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ testing main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ testing-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ testing-updates main contrib non-free
<span class="token comment"># backup前一代软件源</span>
<span class="token comment"># deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ testing-backports main contrib non-free</span>
<span class="token comment"># deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ testing-backports main contrib non-free</span>
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security testing-security main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security testing-security main contrib non-free
<span class="token comment">#官方源</span>
<span class="token comment">#deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bullseye contrib non-free main</span>
<span class="token comment">#deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bullseye contrib non-free main #Added by software-properties</span>
<span class="token comment">#deb http://security.debian.org/ bullseye-security non-free contrib main</span>
<span class="token comment">#deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bullseye-updates non-free contrib main</span>
</code></pre>
<h4>第三方扩展</h4>
<p>debiancn.org</p>
<h3>扩展</h3>
<p><img src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/dac4fe97e9e9dae41c59a32f48a35a17.png#pic_center"><img src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/e2120455aabe3f0d732cc16a2e1adcd2.png#pic_center"></p>
<h4>part2</h4>
<p><img src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/18c5827b2a84df5c69e5d23e1516477a.png"></p>
<h3>怎么更改screenfetch的ascii art</h3>
<p>sudo gedit /bin/screemfetch</p>
<h4>怎么更改big sur menu的苹果logo</h4>
<p>我在github上找到了bigsuimenu的说明。<br> 所以我直接在~/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions 找到文件夹之后<br> 用gimp在debian官网下了logo，切了一个不错的图<br> <img src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/d47d59092229b3245082e8ab2d917d95.png#pic_center"></p>
<h4>个人画</h4>
<pre><code class="prism language-bash"> <span class="token string">"Debian"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">"<span class="token variable">$no_color</span>"</span> <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token string">"1"</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">then</span>
<span class="token assign-left variable">c1</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token variable"><span class="token variable">$(</span>getColor <span class="token string">'green'</span><span class="token variable">)</span></span> <span class="token comment"># Green</span>
<span class="token assign-left variable">c2</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token variable"><span class="token variable">$(</span>getColor <span class="token string">'brown'</span><span class="token variable">)</span></span> <span class="token comment"># Yellow</span>
<span class="token assign-left variable">c3</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token variable"><span class="token variable">$(</span>getColor <span class="token string">'light red'</span><span class="token variable">)</span></span> <span class="token comment"># Orange</span>
<span class="token assign-left variable">c4</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token variable"><span class="token variable">$(</span>getColor <span class="token string">'red'</span><span class="token variable">)</span></span> <span class="token comment"># Red</span>
<span class="token assign-left variable">c5</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token variable"><span class="token variable">$(</span>getColor <span class="token string">'purple'</span><span class="token variable">)</span></span> <span class="token comment"># Purple</span>
<span class="token assign-left variable">c6</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token variable"><span class="token variable">$(</span>getColor <span class="token string">'blue'</span><span class="token variable">)</span></span> <span class="token comment"># Blue</span>
<span class="token keyword">fi</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> -n <span class="token string">"<span class="token variable">${my_lcolor}</span>"</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">then</span>
<span class="token assign-left variable">c1</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"<span class="token variable">${my_lcolor}</span>"</span>
<span class="token assign-left variable">c2</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"<span class="token variable">${my_lcolor}</span>"</span>
<span class="token assign-left variable">c3</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"<span class="token variable">${my_lcolor}</span>"</span>
<span class="token assign-left variable">c4</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"<span class="token variable">${my_lcolor}</span>"</span>
<span class="token assign-left variable">c5</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"<span class="token variable">${my_lcolor}</span>"</span>
<span class="token assign-left variable">c6</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"<span class="token variable">${my_lcolor}</span>"</span>
<span class="token keyword">fi</span>
<span class="token assign-left variable">startline</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"0"</span>
<span class="token assign-left variable">logowidth</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"37"</span>
<span class="token assign-left variable">fulloutput</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"<span class="token variable">${c1}</span> _-\<span class="token variable"><span class="token variable">`</span><span class="token punctuation">\</span><span class="token variable">`</span></span>\<span class="token variable"><span class="token variable">`</span><span class="token punctuation">\</span><span class="token variable">`</span></span>\`-, ,- '- . %s"</span>
<span class="token string">"<span class="token variable">${c1}</span> .' .- - | | - -.\`. %s"</span>
<span class="token string">"<span class="token variable">${c1}</span>/.'/ \`. <span class="token entity" title="\\">\\</span>%s"</span>
<span class="token string">"<span class="token variable">${c2}</span> :/ : _... ..._ \<span class="token variable"><span class="token variable">`</span><span class="token punctuation">\</span><span class="token variable">`</span></span> : %s"</span>
<span class="token string">"<span class="token variable">${c2}</span> :: : /._ .\`:'_.._<span class="token entity" title="\\">\\</span>. || : %s"</span>
<span class="token string">"<span class="token variable">${c2}</span> :: \<span class="token variable"><span class="token variable">`</span>._ ./,<span class="token punctuation">\</span><span class="token variable">`</span></span>: <span class="token entity" title="\\">\\</span> . _.'' . %s"</span>
<span class="token string">"<span class="token variable">${c3}</span> \`:. / |-.<span class="token entity" title="\\">\\</span>-. <span class="token entity" title="\\">\\</span><span class="token entity" title="\\">\\</span>\_ /%s"</span>
<span class="token string">"<span class="token variable">${c3}</span> <span class="token entity" title="\\">\\</span>:._ _/.' .@)<span class="token entity" title="\\">\\</span>@) \<span class="token variable"><span class="token variable">`</span> <span class="token punctuation">\</span><span class="token variable">`</span></span><span class="token entity" title="\\">\\</span> ,.' %s"</span>
<span class="token string">"<span class="token variable">${c3}</span> _/,--' .- .<span class="token entity" title="\\">\\</span>,-.\<span class="token variable"><span class="token variable">`</span>--<span class="token punctuation">\</span><span class="token variable">`</span></span>. %s"</span>
<span class="token string">"<span class="token variable">${c4}</span> ,'/'' (( <span class="token entity" title="\\">\\</span> \`) %s"</span>
<span class="token string">"<span class="token variable">${c4}</span> /'/'<span class="token entity" title="\\">\\</span> \`-'( %s"</span>
<span class="token string">"<span class="token variable">${c4}</span> '/''\`._,-----' %s"</span>
<span class="token string">"<span class="token variable">${c5}</span> ''/' .,---' %s"</span>
<span class="token string">"<span class="token variable">${c5}</span> ''/' ;: %s"</span>
<span class="token string">"<span class="token variable">${c5}</span> ''/''''/ %s"</span>
<span class="token string">"<span class="token variable">${c6}</span> ''/''/'' %s"</span>
<span class="token string">"<span class="token variable">${c6}</span> '/'/' %s"</span>
<span class="token string">"<span class="token variable">${c6}</span> \`; %s"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre>
<h2>个人效果</h2>
<p><img src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/dd9d29d63fed867d64b507ab19168e24.png#pic_center"></p>
<p><img src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/9b032fbbf2c4f01d607a316cd8d7ee69.png#pic_center"></p><br><br>
来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/librecoder/p/18452593
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