debian官网qcow2镜像修改root账号密码，开启ssh，修改源，语法高亮等

白天不知夜的黑 發表於 2019-12-18 10:08:00

debian官网qcow2镜像修改root账号密码，开启ssh，修改源，语法高亮等

<h2>本文解决问题如下：</h2>
<ol>
<li>设置root账号密码</li>
<li>开启root账号ssh连接</li>
<li>开启ssh语法高亮</li>
<li>解决vi编辑界面不允许复制问题</li>
</ol>
<h1>一、准备工作</h1>
1、下载官网qcow2镜像文件
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>wget https://cloud.debian.org/images/cloud/OpenStack/10.2.0/debian-10.2.0-openstack-amd64.qcow2</pre>
</div>
镜像文件信息
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>
name=Debian 10.2.0 (Buster) Cloud
osinfo=debian10
arch=x86_64
file=debian-10.2.0-openstack-amd64.qcow2
checksum=296ad8345cb49e52464a0cb8bf4365eb0b9e4220c47ebdd73d134d51effc756d5554aee15027fffd038fef4ad5fa984c94208bce60572d58b2ab26f74bb2a5de
format=qcow2
size=566434304
revision=20191116
notes=Debian 10.2.0 (Buster).

This is a Debian installation, suited for running as OpenStack guest.</pre>
</div>
2、使用openssl passwd -1 123456生成加密的密码：-1表示使用MD5算法对密码123456进行加密
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># openssl passwd -1 123456
$1$HDUWloxk$IZuLRX39Oa31T4YzCrCHL1</pre>
</div>
3、使用guestfish命令进入交互命令界面依次执行run、list-filesystems、mount等指令
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>guestfish --rw -a debian-10.2.0-openstack-amd64.qcow2</pre>
</div>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>Welcome to guestfish, the guest filesystem shell for
editing virtual machine filesystems and disk images.

Type: 'help' for help on commands
'man' to read the manual
'quit' to quit the shell

><fs> run
><fs> list-filesystems
/dev/sda1: ext4
><fs> mount /dev/sda1 /
><fs></pre>
</div>
 
<h1>二、修改root账号密码</h1>
编辑/etc/shadow
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>><fs> vi /etc/shadow</pre>
</div>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>root:*:18216:0:99999:7:::
daemon:*:18216:0:99999:7:::
bin:*:18216:0:99999:7:::
sys:*:18216:0:99999:7:::
sync:*:18216:0:99999:7:::
games:*:18216:0:99999:7:::
man:*:18216:0:99999:7:::
lp:*:18216:0:99999:7:::
mail:*:18216:0:99999:7:::
news:*:18216:0:99999:7:::
uucp:*:18216:0:99999:7:::
proxy:*:18216:0:99999:7:::
www-data:*:18216:0:99999:7:::
backup:*:18216:0:99999:7:::
list:*:18216:0:99999:7:::
irc:*:18216:0:99999:7:::
gnats:*:18216:0:99999:7:::
nobody:*:18216:0:99999:7:::
_apt:*:18216:0:99999:7:::
systemd-timesync:*:18216:0:99999:7:::
systemd-network:*:18216:0:99999:7:::
systemd-resolve:*:18216:0:99999:7:::
messagebus:*:18216:0:99999:7:::
unscd:*:18216:0:99999:7:::
ntp:*:18216:0:99999:7:::
sshd:*:18216:0:99999:7:::</pre>
</div>
将root:后面的第一个*替换为第二步加密之后的密码
替换后第一行为/etc/shadow第一行为
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>root:$1$HDUWloxk$IZuLRX39Oa31T4YzCrCHL1:18216:0:99999:7:::</pre>
</div>
 
<h1>三、开启root账号ssh远程登录</h1>
编辑/etc/ssh/sshd_config，在vi中:set number开启行号
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>><fs> vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config</pre>
</div>
第32行
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>#PermitRootLogin prohibit-password</pre>
</div>
释放掉注释，并修改值为yes，调整完之后第32行为
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>PermitRootLogin yes</pre>
</div>
第56行
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>#PasswordAuthentication yes</pre>
</div>
释放掉注释，调整完之后第56行为
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>PasswordAuthentication yes</pre>
</div>
 
<h1>四、修改apt源，（qcow2注册到OpenStack之后启动虚拟机源还是默认的，目前原因未知，可待虚拟机启动后执行下列修改）</h1>
编辑/etc/apt/sources.list，将替换为以下内容
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster main contrib non-free
# deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster main contrib non-free
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free
# deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free
# deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security buster/updates main contrib non-free
# deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security buster/updates main contrib non-free</pre>
</div>
 
<h1>五、开启ssh语法高亮以及内置命令别名</h1>
编辑/root/.bashrc，1、3、4、8、15行为说明注释，除此之外释放所有注释
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>><fs> vi /root/.bashrc</pre>
</div>
编辑之前内容为：
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># ~/.bashrc: executed by bash(1) for non-login shells.

# Note: PS1 and umask are already set in /etc/profile. You should not
# need this unless you want different defaults for root.
# PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\h:\w\$ '
# umask 022

# You may uncomment the following lines if you want `ls' to be colorized:
# export LS_OPTIONS='--color=auto'
# eval "`dircolors`"
# alias ls='ls $LS_OPTIONS'
# alias ll='ls $LS_OPTIONS -l'
# alias l='ls $LS_OPTIONS -lA'
#
# Some more alias to avoid making mistakes:
# alias rm='rm -i'
# alias cp='cp -i'
# alias mv='mv -i'</pre>
</div>
编辑之后内容为：
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># ~/.bashrc: executed by bash(1) for non-login shells.

# Note: PS1 and umask are already set in /etc/profile. You should not
# need this unless you want different defaults for root.
PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\h:\w\$ '
umask 022

# You may uncomment the following lines if you want `ls' to be colorized:
export LS_OPTIONS='--color=auto'
eval "`dircolors`"
alias ls='ls $LS_OPTIONS'
alias ll='ls $LS_OPTIONS -l'
alias l='ls $LS_OPTIONS -lA'
#
# Some more alias to avoid making mistakes:
alias rm='rm -i'
alias cp='cp -i'
alias mv='mv -i'</pre>
</div>
<h1>六、允许在vi窗口中复制文本</h1>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>><fs> vi /usr/share/vim/vim81/defaults.vim</pre>
</div>
78、79、80三行内容为：
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>if has('mouse')
set mouse=a
endif</pre>
</div>
在“=”前面添加一个“-”，编辑后内容为：
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>if has('mouse')
set mouse-=a
endif</pre>
</div>
 
最后执行quit命令退出guestfish，将qcow2镜像文件注册到openstack，投递虚拟机实例即可
 
参考链接：
https://docs.openstack.org/image-guide/modify-images.html#guestfish
https://blog.51cto.com/superzhangqiang/1705678
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42551369/article/details/88946622
http://www.chenshake.com/openstack-mirror-and-password/ 
  
来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/nihaorz/p/12058364.html

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debian官网qcow2镜像修改root账号密码，开启ssh，修改源，语法高亮等