树莓派安装 ubuntu 20.04 LTS 碰壁指南
<h4 id="树莓派安装-ubuntu-2004-lts-碰壁指南">树莓派安装 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 碰壁指南</h4><blockquote>
<p>设备 Raspberry 4B 4+32G</p>
<p>系统 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="1镜像下载与烧录">1.镜像下载与烧录</h4>
<p>镜像下载地址:https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/releases/20.04.1/release/ubuntu-20.04.1-preinstalled-server-arm64+raspi.img.xz</p>
<blockquote>
<p>烧录工具</p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>SD Card Formatter</strong></p>
<p><strong>Win32DiskImager</strong></p>
<h4 id="2启用root账户">2.启用root账户</h4>
<p>输入命令后根据提示操作</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash">sudo passwd root
</code></pre>
<h4 id="3无线网络连接初始化">3.无线网络连接初始化</h4>
<p>进入netplan配置文件夹</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash">cd /etc/netplan/
</code></pre>
<p>配置无线网</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash">sudo vim 50-cloud-init.yaml
</code></pre>
<p>配置如下，仅供参考</p>
<pre><code class="language-yaml"># This file is generated from information provided by the datasource.Changes
# to it will not persist across an instance reboot.To disable cloud-init's
# network configuration capabilities, write a file
# /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg with the following:
# network: {config: disabled}
network:
ethernets:
eth0:
dhcp4: true
optional: true
version: 2
wifis:
wlan0:
dhcp4: true
optional: true
access-points:
"你的无线网络名称":
password: "123456789"
</code></pre>
<p>注意在冒号后面，记得要有个空格或者换行<br>
启用配置</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">sudo netplan try
sudo netplan apply
systemctl daemon-reload
</code></pre>
<h4 id="4更换树莓派国内镜像源">4.更换树莓派国内镜像源</h4>
<pre><code>sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
</code></pre>
<p>我全部更换为阿里镜像源，最终配置如下</p>
<pre><code class="language-properties">deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
</code></pre>
<p>刷新镜像源</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">source source.list
apt get update
apt get upgrade
</code></pre>
<h4 id="4启用ssh">4.启用SSH（*）</h4>
<pre><code class="language-bash">sudo apt install openssh-server
</code></pre>
<blockquote>
<p>查看<code>ssh</code>状态</p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1141382/202101/1141382-20210127220303416-349402492.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>防火墙端口放行SSH</p>
</blockquote>
<pre><code class="language-bash">ufw allow ssh
</code></pre>
<p>尝试一下用默认账户连接(我尝试失败，您可以一试)</p>
<blockquote>
<p>方法一:修改<code>sshd_config</code></p>
<blockquote>
<p>参考 https://blog.csdn.net/john1337/article/details/109465781</p>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<p>修改配置文件</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash">sudo vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
</code></pre>
<p>在vim中搜索定位PermitRootLogin，可直接查找：</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash">/PermitRootLogin
</code></pre>
<blockquote>
<p>修改以下配置：<br>
33 #LoginGraceTime 2m<br>
34 #PermitRootLogin prohibit-password<br>
35 #StrictModes yes<br>
36 #MaxAuthTries 6<br>
37 #MaxSessions 10</p>
</blockquote>
<p>修改为：</p>
<pre><code class="language-properties"> LoginGraceTime 2m
PermitRootLogin yes
StrictModes yes
#MaxAuthTries 6
#MaxSessions 10
</code></pre>
<ol start="3">
<li>重启ssh，使配置生效</li>
</ol>
<pre><code class="language-bash">sudo service ssh restart
</code></pre>
<p>现在可是使用root用户登录ssh了！！！</p>
<blockquote>
<p>方法二：建立新用户（*）</p>
</blockquote>
<p>我使用该方法完成ssh连接</p>
<p>不知为何默认账户<code>ubuntu</code>和<code>root</code>无法进行<code>SSH</code>连接认证，但是可以通过自己添加账户进行<code>SSH</code>连接</p>
<p>直接输入</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash">adduser your_username
</code></pre>
<p>按照指示配置新用户信息，最后使用该用户名称完成SSH连接</p>
<h4 id="5-bt宝塔面板安装">5. BT宝塔面板安装</h4>
<pre><code class="language-shell">wget -O install.sh http://download.bt.cn/install/install-ubuntu_6.0.sh && bash install.sh
</code></pre>
<p><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1141382/202101/1141382-20210127220317964-1125237220.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>参考文档</strong></p>
<p>1.https://blog.csdn.net/zx3517288/article/details/109889688</p>
<p>2.https://blog.csdn.net/john1337/article/details/109465781</p>
<p>3.https://blog.csdn.net/qq_35975447/article/details/105858964</p>
</blockquote><br><br>
来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/masterchd/p/14337265.html
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