ubuntu,kubuntu安装教程

老竹發表於 2022-2-24 13:05:00

转载请注明来源,侵权必究
<h1 id="kubuntu-kde-开发环境配置">Kubuntu KDE 开发环境配置</h1>
<ol>
<li>
选择试用安装完成后执行以下步骤(为了节约安装时间建议断网安装除非你有路由器FQ)
<ol>
<li>修改/etc/default/grub 修改成如下内容并执行 update-grub 
<img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/923483/202202/923483-20220225190229412-550353433.png" alt="image" loading="lazy"></li>
<li>修改/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf 添加 blacklist nouveau 禁用nvidia驱动</li>
<li>update-initramfs -u</li>
<li>apt-get --purge remove plasma-wallpapers-addons gwenview kdeconnect print-manager kde-spectacle skanlite vlc && apt-get autoremove && apt-get autoclean && apt-get clean</li>
<li>apt install expect dnsmasq vim net-tools</li>
<li>重启进入系统</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Dolphin开启ROOT 
随便找一个文件夹在menu里选择新建->链接到程序输入下面命令即可生成一个程序文件双击运行即可
<pre><code class="language-sh">pkexec env DISPLAY=$DISPLAY XAUTHORITY=$XAUTHORITY KDE_SESSION_VERSION=5 KDE_FULL_SESSION=true dolphin
</code></pre>
</li>
<li>
安装electron-ssr 
下载「electron-ssr-0.2.6.deb」https://www.aliyundrive.com/s/xWzz7V2o9CT 点击链接保存，或者复制本段内容，打开「阿里云盘」APP ，无需下载极速在线查看，视频原画倍速播放。 
sudo apt install libcanberra-gtk-module libcanberra-gtk3-module gconf2 gconf-service libappindicator1 
sudo dpkg -i electron-ssr-0.2.6.deb 
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python
</li>
<li>
apt update && apt upgrade 保证所有是最新的
</li>
<li>
安装intel驱动 
sudo apt install linux-oem-20.04 
参考 
https://dgpu-docs.intel.com/devices/iris-xe-max-graphics/index.html 
修改/etc/default/grub 去掉 nomodeset 并更新 update-grub
</li>
<li>
安装wifi驱动 
参考 https://www.intel.sg/content/www/xa/en/support/articles/000058909/wireless.html?countrylabel=Asia Pacific
<ol>
<li>apt install git gcc make bison byacc</li>
<li>git clone https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/iwlwifi/backport-iwlwifi.git</li>
<li>cd backport-iwlwifi</li>
<li>sudo make defconfig-iwlwifi-public</li>
<li>sudo make -j4 (4根据你CPU的线程数的2倍)</li>
<li>sudo make install</li>
<li>update-initramfs -u -k all</li>
<li>reboot</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
安装nvidia驱动 
参考 
https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-install-the-nvidia-drivers-on-ubuntu-20-04-focal-fossa-linux 
https://askubuntu.com/questions/451335/cant-switch-anymore-from-intel-to-nvidia-gpu 
步骤
<ol>
<li>ubuntu-drivers devices 查看设备推荐驱动 
<img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/923483/202202/923483-20220225190253385-1820305338.png" alt="image" loading="lazy"></li>
<li>如上图推荐我的驱动是 nvidia-driver-510. 所以安装 apt-get install nvidia-driver-510 安装完成后重启</li>
<li>重启后默认就是 nvidia显卡驱动了。我们需要切换到intel显卡。执行 nvidia-setttings 发现intel是灰色的无法切换 
所以我们可以使用命令 prime-select intel 来切换到intel显卡。切换成功后重启即可。</li>
<li>nvidia-smi 可以来监控显卡状态</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
安装一个kwin脚本可以在最大化的时候进入新的桌面脚本名 Maxmize To New Virtual Desktop
https://github.com/Aetf/kwin-maxmize-to-new-desktop
</li>
<li>
实现触控板
参考
<pre><code> https://www.lorenzobettini.it/2017/02/touchpad-gestures-in-linux-kde-with-libinput-gestures/
</code></pre>
需要的软件 
https://github.com/bulletmark/libinput-gestures (主要实现手指操作 3,4手指操作 2指滑动并不支持) 
https://github.com/liuforhacker/libinput-three-finger-drag(实现3指拖动) 
安装libinput-gestures
<pre><code>sudo gpasswd -a $USER input
sudo apt-get install xdotool wmctrl libinput-tools
git clone https://github.com/bulletmark/libinput-gestures
cd libinput-gestures
sudo ./libinput-gestures-setup install
reboot
libinput-gestures-setup start #如果你想开机自启动 libinput-gestures-setup autostart
</code></pre>
libinput-gestures的配置文件~/.config/libinput-gestures.conf内容如下
<pre><code>gesture swipe up 4 xdotool key ctrl+F8 #所有桌面网格形式显示
gesture swipe down 4 xdotool key ctrl+F7 #显示当前窗口分类活动
gesture swipe left 4 xdotool key ctrl+alt+shift+Left #切换到上一个桌面
gesture swipe right 4 xdotool key ctrl+alt+shift+Right #切换到下一个桌面
gesture pinch in 2 xdotool key ctrl+alt+shift+x #应用程序启动
gesture pinch in 4 xdotool key ctrl+F9 #显示当前桌面活动
</code></pre>
libinput-three-figer-drag 直接下载编译好的软件运行即可
</li>
<li>
安装latte-dock （这个是我自己美化用的不需要的略过）
</li>
<li>
下载chrome 直接安装 xxxxxxx-xxxxx
</li>
<li>
安装vscode 直接下载deb
</li>
<li>
安装idea 
解压移动到/opt/下 
破解参考:https://www.exception.site/essay/how-to-free-use-intellij-idea-2019-3 
执行install.sh不要用root 
在/usr/share/applications/下创建idea.desktop并填充下面内容
<pre><code class="language-text">
Name=Idea Ultimate
Comment=Idea Ultimate
GenericName=Text Editor
Exec=/opt/idea/bin/idea.sh
Icon=/opt/idea/bin/idea.svg
Type=Application
Categories=TextEditor;Development;IDE;
</code></pre>
激活码
<pre><code class="language-text">4W9NP3KV9E-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-WlwI3NBiapY7em4MmP7qdZcTK2wvAt5f7FNwaH65H6SBvWnFGpe8M2VrSWCEBIGFQpv+VFJLghJKLjaRUcVOY6ttC6G4uKTpuPzELgcckez+/9DPrYj+alvLYFpS6UWy4uqzsjC/sHgcbNiCQjZQMVhj8Wflv9ts8SfWUqTwtciG8eBrzbyipXOVrRn5Wpk3l6ifL71HZsMy3bDLU8Lkt3UQBNVFZhXWBcNyY/WB9CQGX+6aXtbFA9p/hjbTZL050UoeM30rz0UkzPmfiIupbb3KNPKPArQkU8gw6pF7AcRSLuU3HNqq8RDbrXDYSXY9vtoD3Oi18ijlagVANrhjpQ==-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
</code></pre>
</li>
<li>
安装navicat 
官网下载navicat_cn 解压复制 .png logo出来 
在/usr/share/applications/下创建navicat.desktop并填充下面内容
<pre><code class="language-text">
Type=Application
Name=Navicat Premium 16
GenericName=Database Development Tool
Icon=/opt/navicat16-premium-cs/navicat-icon.png
Exec=/opt/navicat16-premium-cs/navicat16-premium-cs.AppImage
Categories=Development;
Keywords=database;sql;
</code></pre>
</li>
<li>
Typora 官网下载直接安装
</li>
<li>
截图识别(方便翻译) 
sudo apt-get install tesseract-ocr gnome-screenshot xclip imagemagick 
下载压缩包传输链接：https://cowtransfer.com/s/fcc1f2701ed441 或打开【奶牛快传】 cowtransfer.com 使用传输口令：z97qnm 提取； 
复制 *.traineddata 到 /usr/share/tesseract-ocr/4.00/tessdata/下为ocr.sh添加快捷方式即可 
apt install flameshot 安装火星截图
</li>
<li>
Todesk下载安装
</li>
<li>
下载Sublime Merge 安装即可 (git svn用) 
破解:https://gist.github.com/liuforhacker/1b53c912d3eebe4bfd0fb8fbca44bb7f
</li>
<li>
官网下载postman 解压将文件夹移动到 /opt 下 
在/usr/share/applications/下创建postman.desktop并填充下面内容
<pre><code class="language-text">
Name=Postman
Comment=Postman
GenericName=Postman
Exec=/opt/Postman/Postman
Icon=/opt/Postman/app/icons/icon_128x128.png
Type=Application
Categories=Development;
</code></pre>
</li>
<li>
libreoffice安装
</li>
<li>
docker搭建宝塔环境
<ol>
<li>sudo apt install docker.io</li>
<li>sudo docker pull ubuntu:latest</li>
<li>sudo docker run -itd --name="lnmp" 
-p 80:80 
-p 3306:3306 
-p 8888:8888 
-p 6379:6379 
-v ~/DockerShare:/kkshare 
-v ~/ProjectWeb:/www/wwwroot/ 
ubuntu</li>
<li>sudo docker exec -it lnmp /bin/bash (注意下面进入了docker容器内执行命令)</li>
<li>apt-get update && 
apt-get install wget && 
apt-get install liblua5.1-0 && 
wget -O install.sh http://download.bt.cn/install/install-ubuntu_6.0.sh && sudo bash install.sh</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
安装nvm 参考https://github.com/nvm-sh/nvm
</li>
<li>
安装Motrix 
在/usr/share/applications/下创建Motrix.desktop并填充下面内容
<pre><code class="language-text">
Name=Motrix
Comment=Motrix
GenericName=Motrix
Exec=/opt/Motrix/Motrix-1.6.11.AppImage
Icon=/opt/Motrix/1.jpeg
Type=Application
Categories=Download;
</code></pre>
<img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/923483/202203/923483-20220308234310064-2039300767.jpg" alt="image" style="zoom: 25%">
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="帮助">帮助</h2>
<ol>
<li>以下功能等同于 arch-root<pre><code class="language-sh"> mount /dev/nvme0n1p2 /mnt
mount /dev/nvme0n1p1 /mnt/boot/efi
mount -t proc /proc/ /mnt/proc/
mount -t sysfs /sys /mnt/sys/
mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
chroot /mnt/ /bin/bash
</code></pre>
卸载<pre><code class="language-sh">exit
umount /mnt/dev
umount /mnt/sys
umount /mnt/proc
umount /mnt/boot/efi
umount /mnt
</code></pre>
</li>
<li>因为显卡导致黑屏或者遇到黑屏可以 Crtl+Alt F2-F5 切换ttl 编辑grub 使用nomodeset模式进入桌面。显卡驱动安装完成记得要去掉nomodeset U盘驱动也一样。在引导界面按 e 进入编辑模式修改完成按F10进入 
修改前 
<img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/923483/202202/923483-20220225132045490-627622893.png" alt="image" loading="lazy"> 
修改后 
<img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/923483/202202/923483-20220225132117148-1369119722.png" alt="image" loading="lazy"></li>
<li>因为睡眠导致wifi不能正常使用,所以我们需要做个脚本睡眠前关闭wifi 睡眠恢复开启wifi。在/lib/systemd/system-sleep/下添加一个脚本 wififix 详细内容如下。/lib/systemd/下保存了许多关于计算机的事件非常有用<pre><code class="language-sh">#!/bin/bash
set -e
case "$1" in
pre) service network-manager stop ;;
post) service network-manager start;;
esac
</code></pre>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="备份">备份</h2>
备份恢复都需要在livecd(Kubuntu - U盘上的系统)系统下进行
<ol>
<li>我有两个分区如下图。直接执行命令挂载<pre><code class="language-sh">mount /dev/nvme0n1p2 /mnt
mount /dev/nvme0n1p1 /mnt/boot/efi
cd /mnt/
</code></pre>
<img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/923483/202202/923483-20220225214616414-422580026.png" alt="image" loading="lazy"></li>
<li>执行备份命令,打包后将备份文件可以转移到你的移动硬盘<pre><code class="language-sh">cd /mnt/
tar --acls --xattrs --xattrs-include=* --selinux -cpzf `date +%Y-%m-%d`.tar.gz *

#这个也可以试试
rsync -aAXv --exclude={"/home/kuangke","/var/lib/docker", "/var/log/"} / /mnt/backup/archlinux_backup/
</code></pre>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="恢复">恢复</h2>
<ol>
<li>执行备份的第一步</li>
<li>执行下面恢复命令重启即可<pre><code class="language-sh">tar --acls --xattrs --xattrs-include=* --selinux -zxf xxxx.tar.gz
#这个也可以试试
rsync -aAXv --force --exclude={"/home/kuangke","/var/lib/docker", "/var/log/"} / /mnt/backup/archlinux_backup/
</code></pre>
如果发现grub不能进入请重新进入livecd对照 /etc/fstab里的UUID是否与你绑定/目录的设备UUID是否一致不一致则需要修改设备UUID具体依靠下面两个命令 
blkid 查看设备uuid 
tune2fs -U 设备UUID 设备路径 
还要执行下面的命令 
grub-install 
update-grub</li>
</ol> 
来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/kuangke/p/15931289.html

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ubuntu,kubuntu安装教程