Debian系列网卡配置详解
<div id="MathJax_Message" style="display: none"></div><blockquote><p>Debian系列的网卡配置和RH系列的不一样，这里说一下。 配置文件是/etc/network/interfaces，不管有多少网卡，只有这一个配置文件。</p>
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<h2 id="1.基本配置">1.基本配置</h2>
<div><pre><code>auto lo #开机启动loopback网卡
iface lo inet loopback#网卡名称是lo, 类型是loopback
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.0.129
network 192.168.0.0
netmask 255.255.255.0
broadcast 192.168.0.255
gateway 192.168.0.1</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="2.更复杂的应用，包括添加和删除路由。">2.更复杂的应用，包括添加和删除路由。</h2>
<p><code>up</code> 就是当这个网卡启用时，反之是 <code>down</code>。</p>
<div><pre><code>up route add -net 192.168.0.128 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.0.2
up route add default gw 192.168.0.200
down route del default gw 192.168.0.200
down route del -net 192.168.0.128 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.0.200</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="3.一个物理网卡上多个接口的配置方法。">3.一个物理网卡上多个接口的配置方法。</h2>
<p>这种方法在配置一块网卡多个网址的时候很常见，有几个地址就配几个接口，冒号后面的数字是随意写的，只要不重复即可。</p>
<div><pre><code>auto eth0 eth0:1
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.0.100
network 192.168.0.0
netmask 255.255.255.0
broadcast 192.168.0.255
gateway 192.168.0.1
iface eth0:1 inet static
address 192.168.0.200
network 192.168.0.0
netmask 255.255.255.0
broadcast 192.168.0.255</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="4.pre-up和post-down命令时间。">4.pre-up和post-down命令时间。</h2>
<p>这是一组命令（<code>pre-up/up/post-up/pre-down/down/post-down</code>），分别定义在对应的时刻需要执行的命令。</p>
<div><pre><code>auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
pre-up [ -f /etc/network/local-network-ok ]
# 这条命令的作用是在激活eth0之前检查该文件是否存在，如果不存在则不会激活网卡。</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="5.更复杂的例子">5.更复杂的例子</h2>
<div><pre><code>auto eth0 eth1
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.42.1
netmask 255.255.255.0
pre-up /path/to/check-mac-address.sh eth0 11:22:33:44:55:66
pre-up /usr/local/sbin/enable-masq
pre-up /path/to/check-mac-address.sh eth1 AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF
pre-up /usr/local/sbin/enable-masq</code></pre></div>
<p>这个用法是为了避免两块网卡的识别顺序变化导致的MAC地址交换。这个可以用下面的方法来解决。</p>
<div><pre><code>auto eth0 eth1
mapping eth0 eth1
script /path/to/get-mac-address.sh
map 11:22:33:44:55:66 lan
map AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF internet
iface lan inet static
address 192.168.42.1
netmask 255.255.255.0
pre-up /usr/local/sbin/enable-masq lan
iface internet inet dhcp
pre-up /usr/local/sbin/firewall internet</code></pre></div>
<p>上面的代码中所用到的脚本都在 <code>/usr/share/doc/ifdown/examples/</code> 目录下。</p>
<h2 id="6.用一个网卡，但不对这个网卡设置任何IP，而是交由外部程序来设置它">6.用一个网卡，但不对这个网卡设置任何IP，而是交由外部程序来设置它</h2>
<div><pre><code>auto eth0
iface eth0 inet manual
up ifconfig $IFACE 0.0.0.0 up
up /usr/local/bin/myconfigscript
down ifconfig $IFACE down</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="7.配置混杂模式，用作监听接口。">7.配置混杂模式，用作监听接口。</h2>
<div><pre><code>auto eth0
iface eth0 inet manual
up ifocnfig $IFACE 0.0.0.0 up
up ip link set $IFACE promisc on
down ip link set $IFACE promisc off
down ifconfig $IFACE down</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="8.配置无线网络接口">8.配置无线网络接口</h2>
<div><pre><code>auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp</code></pre></div><wiz_tmp_tag id="wiz-table-range-border" contenteditable="false" style="display: none"><div id="wiz-table-col-line" style="display: none"></div><div id="wiz-table-row-line" style="display: none"></div><div id="wiz-table-range-border_start" style="display: none"><div id="wiz-table-range-border_start_top"></div><div id="wiz-table-range-border_start_right"></div><div id="wiz-table-range-border_start_bottom"></div><div id="wiz-table-range-border_start_left"></div><div id="wiz-table-range-border_start_dot"></div></div><div id="wiz-table-range-border_range" style="display: none"><div id="wiz-table-range-border_range_top"></div><div id="wiz-table-range-border_range_right"></div><div id="wiz-table-range-border_range_bottom"></div><div id="wiz-table-range-border_range_left"></div><div id="wiz-table-range-border_range_dot"></div></div></wiz_tmp_tag>
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来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/hi-eric/p/16300883.html
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