校园赞助何老师 發表於 2020-11-26 18:31:00

windows10环境下安装Linux子系统---debian

<h2>一、前提</h2>
<p>1、在控制面板-程序-启用与关闭Windows功能中，勾选“适用于Linux的Windows子系统”</p>
<p><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1777195/202011/1777195-20201126182601541-1087736640.png"></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;2、首先需要创建一个文件夹，用来存放子系统，在需要的位置创建即可，文件夹名任意</p>
<p>3、手动下载Windows子系统发行版包，下载完需要的发行版包后，将后缀名为<code>.appx</code>的文件放至上一步中的目录</p>
<blockquote>
<p>下载地址：&nbsp;https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/wsl/install-manual</p>
</blockquote>
<h2>二、安装</h2>
<p>1、双击压缩包安装即可</p>
<h2>三、移动（本人电脑C盘满了，不需要将子系统移动的，可以跳过这个）</h2>
<p>1、在安装子系统之前，我们需要下载一个东西 -&gt; LxRunOffline&nbsp;&nbsp;下载地址&nbsp;（https://github.com/DDoSolitary/LxRunOffline/releases）</p>
<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; 下载文件LxRunOffline-vxxxx.zip&nbsp; 然后解压到某个一个目录中，之后我们需要设置环境变量，使用这个东西去移动我们的子系统，所以不可以删除这个东西</p>
<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; 右击”此电脑“-&gt;属性-&gt;高级系统设置，在高级面板中选择环境变量。选择系统变量中的Path变量，点击编辑按钮。</p>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200521220310208.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxMjMzMTcx,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70"><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200521220338694.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxMjMzMTcx,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70"></p>
<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; 点击新建，并把刚刚LxRunOffline的解压地址粘贴到新的项目中。切记这个目录里必须包含LxRunOffline.exe文件</p>
<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; 然后重启电脑，打开命令行工具，输入LxRunOffline，如果显示下面的提示证明已经安装成功了</p>
<p>2、打开命令行，输入LxRunOffline list&nbsp;查看我们的子系统版本，我安装的是ubuntu18.04，例如显示这样的界面</p>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200521220757124.png"></p>
<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; 移动命令： LxRunOffline move -n Ubuntu-18.04 -d D:\WinLinux&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
<p>3、移动Debian的指令</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">LxRunOffline list
LxRunOffline move </span>-n Debian -d D:\Debian</pre>
</div>
<h2>四、windows商店中下载windows terminal</h2>
<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; 安装这个的目的是Debian可以轻松访问电脑中其他磁盘</p>
<p><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1777195/202011/1777195-20201126191428105-1439311756.png"></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2>五、配置Debian镜像源</h2>
<p>1、Debian系的源一般都是由下列文件提供</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>/etc/apt/sources.list</pre>
</div>
<p>2、所以可以使用的方法有两个</p>
<ul>
<li>第一个就是只替换域名</li>
<li>第二个则是全替换</li>
</ul>
<p>3、替换域名</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">sed</span> -i <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">s#http://deb.debian.org#https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn#g</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span> /etc/apt/sources.list</pre>
</div>
<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; 手动替换也行：</p>
<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; （1）由于用vi文本编辑器特别别扭，我先连上梯子，先更新apt包</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>apt update</pre>
</div>
<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; （2）安装vim编辑器</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>apt <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">install</span> vim</pre>
</div>
<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; （3）修改/etc/apt/sources.list文件，将里边的有关debian的根htpp地址替换成中科大的镜像地址：mirrors.ustc.edu.cn</p>
<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 替换后如下图所示，替换后还要执行：apt update</p>
<p><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1777195/202011/1777195-20201127090743375-110832855.png"></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>4、更新</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>apt update</pre>
</div>
<p>5、各个源</p>
<p><strong>163镜像站</strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
<ol class="linenums">
<li class="L0"><span class="pln">deb http<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster main non-free contrib</span></span></span></li>
<li class="L1"><span class="pln">deb http<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster-updates main non-free contrib</span></span></span></li>
<li class="L2"><span class="pln">deb http<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster-backports main non-free contrib</span></span></span></li>
<li class="L3"><span class="pln">deb http<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ buster/updates main non-free contrib</span></span></span></li>
<li class="L4"><span class="pln">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li class="L5"><span class="pln">deb<span class="pun">-<span class="pln">src http<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster main non-free contrib</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li class="L6"><span class="pln">deb<span class="pun">-<span class="pln">src http<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster-updates main non-free contrib</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li class="L7"><span class="pln">deb<span class="pun">-<span class="pln">src http<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster-backports main non-free contrib</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li class="L8"><span class="pln">deb<span class="pun">-<span class="pln">src http<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ buster/updates main non-free contrib</span></span></span></span></span></li>
</ol>
<p><strong>华为云镜像站</strong></p>
<ol class="linenums">
<li class="L0"><span class="pln">deb https<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ buster main contrib non-free</span></span></span></li>
<li class="L1"><span class="pln">deb https<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free</span></span></span></li>
<li class="L2"><span class="pln">deb https<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free</span></span></span></li>
<li class="L3"><span class="pln">deb https<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free</span></span></span></li>
<li class="L4"><span class="pln">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li class="L5"><span class="pln">deb<span class="pun">-<span class="pln">src https<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ buster main contrib non-free</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li class="L6"><span class="pln">deb<span class="pun">-<span class="pln">src https<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li class="L7"><span class="pln">deb<span class="pun">-<span class="pln">src https<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free </span></span></span></span></span></li>
</ol>
<p><strong>腾讯云镜像站</strong></p>
<ol class="linenums">
<li class="L0"><span class="pln">deb http<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ buster main non-free contrib</span></span></span></li>
<li class="L1"><span class="pln">deb http<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian-security buster/updates main</span></span></span></li>
<li class="L2"><span class="pln">deb http<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ buster-updates main non-free contrib</span></span></span></li>
<li class="L3"><span class="pln">deb http<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ buster-backports main non-free contrib</span></span></span></li>
<li class="L4"><span class="pln">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li class="L5"><span class="pln">deb<span class="pun">-<span class="pln">src http<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian-security buster/updates main</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li class="L6"><span class="pln">deb<span class="pun">-<span class="pln">src http<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ buster main non-free contrib</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li class="L7"><span class="pln">deb<span class="pun">-<span class="pln">src http<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ buster-updates main non-free contrib</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li class="L8"><span class="pln">deb<span class="pun">-<span class="pln">src http<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ buster-backports main non-free contrib</span></span></span></span></span></li>
</ol>
<p><strong>中科大镜像站</strong></p>
<ol class="linenums">
<li class="L0"><span class="pln">deb https<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ buster main contrib non-free</span></span></span></li>
<li class="L1"><span class="pln">deb https<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free</span></span></span></li>
<li class="L2"><span class="pln">deb https<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free</span></span></span></li>
<li class="L3"><span class="pln">deb https<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free</span></span></span></li>
<li class="L4"><span class="pln">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li class="L5"><span class="pln">deb<span class="pun">-<span class="pln">src https<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ buster main contrib non-free</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li class="L6"><span class="pln">deb<span class="pun">-<span class="pln">src https<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li class="L7"><span class="pln">deb<span class="pun">-<span class="pln">src https<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li class="L8"><span class="pln">deb<span class="pun">-<span class="pln">src https<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free</span></span></span></span></span></li>
</ol>
<p><strong>阿里云镜像站</strong></p>
<ol class="linenums">
<li class="L0"><span class="pln">deb http<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster main non-free contrib</span></span></span></li>
<li class="L1"><span class="pln">deb http<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security buster/updates main</span></span></span></li>
<li class="L2"><span class="pln">deb http<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster-updates main non-free contrib</span></span></span></li>
<li class="L3"><span class="pln">deb http<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster-backports main non-free contrib</span></span></span></li>
<li class="L4"><span class="pln">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li class="L5"><span class="pln">deb<span class="pun">-<span class="pln">src http<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security buster/updates main</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li class="L6"><span class="pln">deb<span class="pun">-<span class="pln">src http<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster main non-free contrib</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li class="L7"><span class="pln">deb<span class="pun">-<span class="pln">src http<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster-updates main non-free contrib</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li class="L8"><span class="pln">deb<span class="pun">-<span class="pln">src http<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster-backports main non-free contrib</span></span></span></span></span></li>
</ol>
<p><strong>清华大学镜像站</strong></p>
<ol class="linenums">
<li class="L0"><span class="pln">deb https<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ buster main contrib non-free</span></span></span></li>
<li class="L1"><span class="pln">deb https<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free</span></span></span></li>
<li class="L2"><span class="pln">deb https<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free</span></span></span></li>
<li class="L3"><span class="pln">deb https<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free</span></span></span></li>
<li class="L4"><span class="pln">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li class="L5"><span class="pln">deb<span class="pun">-<span class="pln">src https<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ buster main contrib non-free</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li class="L6"><span class="pln">deb<span class="pun">-<span class="pln">src https<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li class="L7"><span class="pln">deb<span class="pun">-<span class="pln">src https<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li class="L8"><span class="pln">deb<span class="pun">-<span class="pln">src https<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free</span></span></span></span></span></li>
</ol>
<p><strong>兰州大学镜像站</strong></p>
<ol class="linenums">
<li class="L0"><span class="pln">deb http<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian stable main contrib non-free</span></span></span></li>
<li class="L1"><span class="pln">deb http<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian stable-updates main contrib non-free</span></span></span></li>
<li class="L2"><span class="pln">deb http<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free</span></span></span></li>
<li class="L3"><span class="pln">deb http<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free</span></span></span></li>
<li class="L4"><span class="pln">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li class="L5"><span class="pln">deb<span class="pun">-<span class="pln">src http<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian stable main contrib non-free</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li class="L6"><span class="pln">deb<span class="pun">-<span class="pln">src http<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian stable-updates main contrib non-free</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li class="L7"><span class="pln">deb<span class="pun">-<span class="pln">src http<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li class="L8"><span class="pln">deb<span class="pun">-<span class="pln">src http<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free</span></span></span></span></span></li>
</ol>
<p><strong>上海交大镜像站</strong></p>
<ol class="linenums">
<li class="L0"><span class="pln">deb https<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/ buster main contrib non-free</span></span></span></li>
<li class="L1"><span class="pln">deb https<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free</span></span></span></li>
<li class="L2"><span class="pln">deb https<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free</span></span></span></li>
<li class="L3"><span class="pln">deb https<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free</span></span></span></li>
<li class="L4"><span class="pln">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li class="L5"><span class="pln">deb<span class="pun">-<span class="pln">src https<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li class="L6"><span class="pln">deb<span class="pun">-<span class="pln">src https<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li class="L7"><span class="pln">deb<span class="pun">-<span class="pln">src https<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/ buster main contrib non-free</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li class="L8"><span class="pln">deb<span class="pun">-<span class="pln">src https<span class="pun">:<span class="com">//mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free</span></span></span></span></span></li>
</ol>
<p>&nbsp;</p><br><br>
来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/zhangxianrong/p/14043865.html
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